scholarly journals The effect of elevated cadmium content in soil on the uptake of nitrogen by plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ciecko ◽  
S. Kalesa ◽  
M. Wyszkowski ◽  
E. Rolka
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Negative Effect

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cadmium (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd/kg of soil) contamination in soil with the application of different substances (compost, brown coal, lime and bentonite) on the intake of nitrogen by some plants. The correlations between the nitrogen content in the plants and the cadmium concentration in the soil, as well as the plant yield and the content of micro- and macroelements in the plants were determined. Plant species and cadmium dose determined the effects of soil contamination with cadmium on the content of nitrogen. Large doses of cadmium caused an increase in nitrogen content in the Avena sativa straw and roots and in the Zea mays roots. Soil contamination with cadmium resulted in a decrease of nitrogen content in the Avena sativa grain, in above-ground parts and roots of the Lupinus luteus, in the above-ground parts of the Zea mays and in the above-ground parts and roots of Phacelia tanacaetifolia. Among the experimental different substances, the application of bentonite had the strongest and a usually negative effect on the nitrogen content in plants. The greatest effect of bentonite was on Avena sativa grain, above-ground parts Zea mays and Lupinus luteus and Phacelia tanacaetifolia. The content of nitrogen in the plants was generally positively correlated with the content of the macroelements and some of the microelements, regardless of the substances added to the soil.

scholarly journals Ecological peculiarities of cadmium dispersal at the urbanized terrain edaphotopes of the Steppe Dnieper region (shown by Dniprodzerzhinsk as an example)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
S. O. Gunko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
The City

The objective of this research is the clarification of ecological peculiarities of cadmium dispersal at the urbanized terrain edaphotopes of Dniprodzerzhinsk. Heavy metals have been widely discussed in a huge number of researches. Special attention should be paid to cadmium as one of the most hazardous environmental toxic agents. There exist multiple data on cadmium content in various soil types of Ukraine, but until the present time there’s no full information as for the accurate geochemical behavior of cadmium in the soils, as well as for the priority impact of one or another soil property upon its concentration in certain soil types – natural ones or anthropogenically modified ones. The applicability of such researches is first of all determined by the necessity to decrease the hazardous environmental consequences of soil contamination with cadmium, as well as to improve the living conditions of the population. Evaluation of the technology-related impact upon the city soil layer is of current concern in terms of monitoring that is corresponding to the modern tasks for the environmental condition control. The article highlights the issue of ecological peculiarities of cadmium dispersal at the urbanized terrain edaphotopes of Dniprodzerzhinsk: variety of cadmium concentration being formed under the natural and anthropogenous influence in the soils of Dniprodzerzhinsk makes difficult to solve the problem of soil contamination with such chemical element. Soils with various content of cadmium can be found within the limits of the city, underneath the steppe vegetation. Content differentiation is attributed to rather diverse set of processes in the soil and to various properties of the soils. Edaphotopes of all studied right-bank urbanized terrains are cadmium contaminated to any extent. Cadmium content in the soil layer of the administrative districts of Dniprodzerzhinsk is ascending as follows: Dniprovsky district (0.6–9.9 mg/kg) – Bagliy district (1.0–10.5 mg/kg) – Zavodsky district (1.5–10.8 mg/kg). Evaluation of intensity of the technology-related geochemical abnormalities in the city soils has been provided by the abnormality level factor. The lowest (weak) soil contamination level can be observed within the edaphotopes of the left-bank area of Dniprovsky district of the city. High and very high soil contamination levels can be observed within the urbanized terrains of the right-bank part of the city at Bagliy and Zavodsky districts (eastern, central and western areas). Results of the statistical processing of the experimental material show the ratios of correlation of cadmium content and mechanical composition of the soil and humus. Absence of cadmium correlation with physical clay-fraction of soil, as well as close significant relation with humus enable us to associate its presence in the soils with biogenous accumulation, being also the evidence of the anthropogenous impact upon cadmium content in the soil layer.

Comparison of Atrazine Absorption by Underground Tissues of Several Plant Species

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Price ◽  
Nelson E. Balke
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Rapid Absorption ◽  
Corn Roots

Excised roots of corn (Zea maysL. ‘B73 × Mo 17′) and oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Goodfield’) and potato (Solanum tuberosumL. ‘Kennebec’) tuber slices absorbed14C-atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] in a similar manner during short (1 to 30 min) absorption periods. Within 30 min, atrazine concentrations in tissues and ambient solution were equal. After 24 h of absorption, corn roots contained the most14C, followed in order by velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) roots, oat roots, and potato tuber slices. Corn and velvetleaf accumulated14C to concentrations above the ambient solution. Efflux of14C was slower for corn than oat, potato, and velvetleaf. Metabolism of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine [2-hydroxy-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] accounted for accumulation and slow efflux of14C in corn. These experiments show that initial, rapid absorption of atrazine is comparable, but long-term accumulation differs among these tissues.

scholarly journals О СОДЕРЖАНИИ КАДМИЯ В ДИКОРАСТУЩИХ КОРМОВЫХ, ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ И ПИЩЕВЫХ РАСТЕНИЯХ ЛЕСОВ ПЕНЗЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
A.I. Ivanov ◽  
M.I. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations

Объектами исследований являлись пробы почв и травянистых растений, отобранные в лесных экосистемах Пензенской области, которые анализировались на валовое содержание кадмия методом атомно-адсорбционной спектрометрии. Было установлено, что в образцах, отобранных из горизонтов А различных разновидностей серых лесных почв, содержание данного элемента в 4-5 раз ниже ориентировочно допустимых концентраций (ОДК). Концентрация кадмия в изученных видах растений также была значительно ниже предельно допустимых концентраций (ПДК). Для трав было зафиксировано два типа распределения кадмия. У сныти обыкновенной его содержание было более высоким в подземных органах, а у осоки волосистой в листьях. Минимальные значения были определены для репродуктивных органов. Содержание кадмия в вегетативных органах, представителей различных хозяйственных групп кормовых растений было различным. Наименьшими значениями оно выражалось у представителей семейства бобовых. Средние значения определены для видов разнотравья, максимальные для злаков. Пробы биоматериала различных видов растений, отобранных в районе исследований и используемых в качестве пищевого и лекарственного сырья, содержали различное количество изучаемого элемента. Минимальные значения были определены для шишек ольхи, ягод малины и земляники, максимальные для листьев и плодов черники. Таким образом, заготавливаемые в районе исследований кормовые, лекарственные и пищевые растения безопасны в отношении содержания кадмия.The objects of the research were samples of soils and herbaceous plants taken in the forest ecosystems of the Penza region, which were analyzed for the total content of cadmium by atomic absorption spectrometry. It was found that in the samples taken from A-horizons of different varieties of gray forest soils, the content of this element was 4-5 times lower than the approximate permissible concentrations (APC). The cadmium concentration in the studied plant species was also significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). Two types of cadmium distribution were recorded fro herbs. In the goatweed, its content was higher in the underground organs, and in the carex - in the leaves. The minimal values were determined for reproductive organs. The cadmium content in the vegetative organs - representatives of various economic groups of feed plants was different. The lowest values were expressed among representatives of the legume family. The average values are determined for species of herbs, the maximum - for cereals. The samples of the biomaterial of various plant species taken in the study area and used as food and medicinal raw materials contained various amounts of the studied element. The minimum values were determined for alder cones, raspberries and strawberries, the maximum - for leaves and blueberries. Thus, fodder, medicinal and food plants procured in the research area were safe for cadmium content.

scholarly journals Genetic loci regulating cadmium content in rice grains

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Norton ◽  
Anthony Travis ◽  
Panthita Ruang-areerate ◽  
Graeme W. Nicol ◽  
Ayotunde A. Adeosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source. In this study genome wide association mapping was conducted on the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) of rice to identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for lowering grain cadmium. Field experiments were conducted over two years under two different irrigation systems: continually flooded and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). There was significant effects of water treatment, genotype, and genotype by water treatment interaction. Importantly, AWD increased grain cadmium, on average, by 49.6% and 108.8% in year 1 and 2 respectively. There was between 4.6 and 28 fold variation in cadmium concentration. A total of 58 QTLs were detected but no loci are clearly specific to one water regime despite approximately 20% of variation attributable to genotype by water regime interaction. A number of QTLs were consistent across most water treatments and years. These included QTLs on chromosome 7 (7.23–7.61, 8.93–9.04, and 29.12–29.14 Mbp), chromosome 5 (8.66–8.72 Mbp), and chromosome 9 (11.46–11.64 Mbp). Further analysis of the loci on chromosome 7 (8.93–9.04 Mbp), identified the candidate gene OsNRAMP1, where cultivars with a deletion upstream of the gene had higher concentrations of cadmium compared to the cultivars that did not have the deletion. The distribution of alleles within the BAAP suggest this QTL is easily detected in this population because it is composed of aus cultivars. Local genome cluster analysis suggest high Cd alleles are uncommon, but should be avoided in breeding.

scholarly journals Sewage Sludge as a Tool in Limiting the Content of Trace Elements in Avena sativa L. on the Soil Polluted with Diesel Oil

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4003
Author(s):  
Mirosław Wyszkowski ◽  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Agata Borowik ◽  
Natalia Kordala
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of soil contamination with diesel oil (0; 5; 10 and 15 cm3 kg−1 of soil) on the content of trace elements in the aboveground parts of oat (Avena sativa L.). Stabilised sewage sludge was used to mitigate the likely negative impact of diesel oil on the plant. Growing soil contamination with diesel oil had a significant impact on the content of trace elements in the aboveground biomass of oat. In the series without sewage sludge, the contents of the analysed elements, except for chromium, zinc, copper and cobalt, were positively correlated with the increasing doses of diesel oil. The largest increase in the content was recorded in the case of manganese. The sewage sludge used to reduce the influence of diesel oil on the chemical composition of oat had a positive effect on the content of the analysed trace elements. Compared to the series without the addition of a stabilised sewage sludge, it contributed to a reduction in the average content of chromium, nickel, copper, manganese and cobalt in the aboveground parts of oat plants. No significant effect of the applied remediation treatment was noted for cadmium, and the results were equivocal for iron.

scholarly journals Consumo alimentar comparativo de larvas de Phytalus sanctipauli Blanch. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Régis S. S. dos Santos ◽  
Lúcia M. G. Diefenbach ◽  
Luiza R. Redaelli ◽  
Dirceu N. Gassen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Avena Sativa

O consumo alimentar de larvas de 3º estádio de Phytalus sanctipauli Blanch. foi estudado em laboratório. Os insetos foram criados individualmente e alimentados com aveia (Avena sativa), milho (Zea mays) ou trigo (Triticum aestivum) ou com as três espécies juntas. A quantidade (massa seca) ingerida de raiz e semente, respectivamente, foi maior em trigo (28,5 mg), menor em aveia (16,4 mg) e intermediária no milho (22,6 mg). O consumo de folha foi semelhante em aveia (18,2 mg) e trigo (19,8 mg) e significativamente superior ao de milho (2,1 mg). Avaliando-se a plântula como um todo, o consumo de trigo foi superior tanto quando as espécies vegetais foram oferecidas isoladamente (89,8 mg) quanto em conjunto (56,9 mg). O peso fresco médio das larvas ao término da alimentação foi maior em trigo (100,2 mg) e milho (102,2 mg) do que em aveia (85,9 mg). O número médio de plantas destruído por larva foi marcadamente maior em trigo e aveia (27,4 e 24,9, respectivamente) comparado com milho (0,9).

scholarly journals Pastejo e adubação nitrogenada sobre os atributos físicos do solo em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veruschka R. M. Andreolla ◽  
Aníbal de Moraes ◽  
Amadeu Bona Filho ◽  
Decio L. Cardoso ◽  
Edilson B. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum

RESUMO O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (SILP) é uma alternativa que vem atraindo grande interesse dos agricultores nas regiões produtoras de grãos, devido ao suporte à pecuária por meio da produção de alimento, além de melhoria nas propriedades físicas do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do pastejo e da adubação nitrogenada em atributos físicos do solo e na produtividade da cultura do milho, em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas as doses de nitrogênio, e as subparcelas, a presença e ausência de pastejo. Foram utilizadas três repetições por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram doses de nitrogênio de 0; 75; 150 e 225 kg ha-1 aplicados na pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e aveia-branca (Avena sativa Lam.) no inverno. Posteriormente à pastagem, foi implantada a cultura do milho (Zea mays Lam.) no verão. O pastejo com controle da taxa de lotação animal de ovinos e manutenção da massa de forragem consorciada com aveia e azevém não alterou a densidade, a macroporosidade, a microporosidade e a porosidade total no Latossolo Bruno. O pastejo nas áreas que receberam adubação nitrogenada na pastagem, não prejudicou a produtividade da cultura do milho. A adubação nitrogenada da pastagem de inverno, igual ou superior a 150 kg N ha-1, garante elevada produtividade da cultura do milho na ausência da aplicação de N.

scholarly journals Variability of leaf Cadmium content in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat

Genetika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Novica Mladenov ◽  
Igor Balalic ◽  
Miroslav Zoric
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Absorption Spectrometer

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic trace metal pollutant for humans, animals, and plants. It is a heavy metal present in soils from natural and anthropogenic sources. Much of the Cd taken up by plants is retained in the root, but a portion is translocated to the aerial portions of the plant and into the seed. The objective of this research was to determine the variability and diversity of Cd content in the leaves of 30 wheat cultivars with different ploidy level, during two years. Analyses of Cd content (ppm) in the leaves at heading stage were performed with an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Significant differences between the mean values of the genotypes in Cd content were found. Tetraploid wheat genotypes had higher Cd content than hexaploid genotypes. Cd content was predominantly influenced by the year of growing (73%). The influence of genotype on Cd content amounted 16% and the interaction genotype ? year 11%. The cluster of the genotypes consists of four groups. In the groups three and four were some of the genotypes (Kalyan Sona, Partizanka and NS Rana 5) with lowest Cd content in the leaves. They could be chosen as parents in the hybridization for lower cadmium concentration.

scholarly journals Caracterización productiva y socioeconómica del sistema de producción ovina, en un área natural protegida de México

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-965
Author(s):  
Daniel Hernández-Valenzuela ◽  
Ernesto Sánchez-Vera ◽  
William Gómez-Demetrio ◽  
Carlos Galdino Martínez-García
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Nevado De Toluca

Ante el incremento de la presencia humana y sus actividades productivas en áreas naturales protegidas, se planteó el objetivo de caracterizar el sistema de producción ovina, en el Nevado de Toluca, con información agrícola, socioeconómica y uso de los recursos de pastoreo. Un total de 162 productores fueron entrevistados, se analizaron 25 variables con estadística multivariada y univariada. Mediante análisis de componentes principales se obtuvieron seis factores que explican el 71 % de la varianza. El análisis cluster permitió identificar tres grupos de productores: pequeños (28 %), intermedios (35 %) y capitalizados (6 %), diferenciados por el número de animales, superficie cultivada e ingresos (P<0.05). En el sistema de producción, se observó alta mortalidad de corderos (23 %), la siembra de avena (Avena sativa) en el 50 % de la superficie y un porcentaje variable de superficie, sembrada de maíz (Zea mays). La edad y escolaridad fueron similares entre grupos (P>0.05) y se encontró que los rebaños aportan menos del 30 % del ingreso familiar. El 58 % de los rebaños ingresa al bosque, para realizar pastoreo circulante, pero el 60 % se maneja semi-estabulado. Se concluye que la producción del sistema no depende de la capitalización del productor, pero el rebaño es esencial en la economía familiar, y el manejo de los animales es compatible con los esfuerzos de conservación del área natural protegida.

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