scholarly journals Evaluation of efficacy of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) to control the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L., Lep.: Tortricidae) in field trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stará ◽  
F. Kocourek
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus

The efficacy of a CpGV-based preparation of Czech production against codling moth (CM) was tested in an experimental apple orchard at Prague-Ruzyně in 1998&ndash;2000. The influence of CpGV treatment on the reduction of CM population density and fruit injury was evaluated in comparison with teflubenzuron. Decline of CpGV efficacy in the orchard was tested in laboratory conditions on apples sampled at different terms after CpGV treatment. The rates of CpGV applied ranged from 0.5 to 1.00 &times; 10<sup>13&nbsp;</sup>granulles/ha, and the number of applications from 3 to 5 per year. The biological efficacy of CpGV to reduce the CM population density ranged from 75.5% to 96.0%, that of teflubenzuron from 90.8% to 97.5%, compared to the untreated control. The CpGV treatment was more efficacious in reducing the CM population density than in reducing fruit injury. The efficacy of CpGV decreased to 50% after 20, 10 and 11 d after treatment in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. According to our results, a 10 d interval for CpGV treatments is recommended in case of further mass egg-laying by CM in the period between CpGV applications. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Studierea influenţei componenţilor minori asupra eficienţei feromonilor sexuali ai viermelui mărului

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sleahtici ◽  
◽  
Natalia Raileanu ◽  
Vasilisa Odobescu ◽  
Svetlana Jalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Number Of Males

In this paper is reported the evaluation of biological efficacy of two minor components that was added to the basic sex pheromone component Cydia pomonella L., E8, E10-C12-OH. The use of minor component- C.M.-1 of increasing concentrations in binary mixture compositions with the basic sex phe-romone component of codling moth on pheromone-impregnated rubber septa in delta pheromone traps has shown an increased effectiveness by 56-62% in field trials on apple orchard. At the same time, the number of males caught in delta pheromone traps where were used minor component - C.M.-2 in binary mixture compositions increased by 29-35%. Auxiliary research is still needed.

The results of field trials of the codling moth pheromone preparations in 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Dmitriyeva ◽  
◽  
I.M. Mityushev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Polyethylene Dispenser

This article presents the results of field screening of pheromone preparations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., conducted in 2020 under conditions of the Central Region of the Russian Federation. The new «Tube» type dispensers were tested vs. standard foil-polyethylene dispenser.

High stability and no fitness costs of the resistance of codling moth to Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-M)

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Undorf-Spahn ◽  
Eva Fritsch ◽  
Jürg Huber ◽  
Jutta Kienzle ◽  
Claus P.W. Zebitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Stability ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus

scholarly journals Genome Analysis of A Novel South African Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-SA) with Resistance-Breaking Potential

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boitumelo Motsoeneng ◽  
Michael D. Jukes ◽  
Caroline M. Knox ◽  
Martin P. Hill ◽  
Sean D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus

The complete genome of an endemic South African Cydia pomonella granulovirus isolate was sequenced and analyzed. Several missing or truncated open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, including a 24 bp deletion in the pe38 gene which is reported to be associated with type I resistance-breaking potential. Comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with five other fully sequenced CpGV isolates identified 67 unique events, 47 of which occurred within ORFs, leading to several amino acid changes. Further analysis of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) within CpGV-SA revealed that this isolate consists of mixed genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis using complete genome sequences placed CpGV-SA basal to M, I12 and E2 and distal to S and I07 but with no distinct classification into any of the previously defined CpGV genogroups. These results suggest that CpGV-SA is a novel and genetically distinct isolate with significant potential as a biopesticide for management of codling moth (CM), not only in South Africa, but potentially in other pome fruit producing countries, particularly where CM resistance to CpGV has been reported.

scholarly journals Importance of the Host Phenotype on the Preservation of the Genetic Diversity in Codling Moth Granulovirus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graillot ◽  
Blachere-López ◽  
Besse ◽  
Siegwart ◽  
López-Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Type I ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Host Colony ◽  
Type I Resistance ◽  
Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus ◽  
Marker Virus ◽  
Mexican Isolate

To test the importance of the host genotype in maintaining virus genetic diversity, five experimental populations were constructed by mixing two Cydia pomonella granulovirus isolates, the Mexican isolate CpGV-M and the CpGV-R5, in ratios of 99% M + 1% R, 95% M + 5% R, 90% M + 10% R, 50% M + 50% R, and 10% M + 90% R. CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 differ in their ability to replicate in codling moth larvae carrying the type I resistance. This ability is associated with a genetic marker located in the virus pe38 gene. Six successive cycles of replication were carried out with each virus population on a fully-permissive codling moth colony (CpNPP), as well as on a host colony (RGV) that carries the type I resistance, and thus blocks CpGV-M replication. The infectivity of offspring viruses was tested on both hosts. Replication on the CpNPP leads to virus lineages preserving the pe38 markers characteristic of both isolates, while replication on the RGV colony drastically reduces the frequency of the CpGV-M pe38 marker. Virus progeny obtained after replication on CpNPP show consistently higher pathogenicity than that of progeny viruses obtained by replication on RGV, independently of the host used for testing.

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance of the Codling Moth against Different Isolates of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus Is Caused by Two Different but Genetically Linked Resistance Mechanisms

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Annette J. Sauer ◽  
Eva Fritsch ◽  
Karin Undorf-Spahn ◽  
Kento Iwata ◽  
Regina G. Kleespies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus ◽  
Type Ii Resistance

Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a widely used biological control agent of the codling moth. Recently, however, the codling moth has developed different types of field resistance against CpGV isolates. Whereas type I resistance is Z chromosomal inherited and targeted at the viral gene pe38 of isolate CpGV-M, type II resistance is autosomal inherited and targeted against isolates CpGV-M and CpGV-S. Here, we report that mixtures of CpGV-M and CpGV-S fail to break type II resistance and is expressed at all larval stages. Budded virus (BV) injection experiments circumventing initial midgut infection provided evidence that resistance against CpGV-S is midgut-related, though fluorescence dequenching assay using rhodamine-18 labeled occlusion derived viruses (ODV) could not fully elucidate whether the receptor binding or an intracellular midgut factor is involved. From our peroral and intra-hemocoel infection experiments, we conclude that two different (but genetically linked) resistance mechanisms are responsible for type II resistance in the codling moth: resistance against CpGV-M is systemic whereas a second and/or additional resistance mechanism against CpGV-S is located in the midgut of CpR5M larvae.

scholarly journals Combination of Mating Disruption and Granulosis Virus for Control of Codling Moth in Bulgaria

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Kutinkova ◽  
Jörg Samietz ◽  
Vasiliy Dzhuvinov
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
High Population ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Central South ◽  
Trial Plot

Combination of Mating Disruption and Granulosis Virus for Control of Codling Moth in Bulgaria An application of mating disruption by use of Ecodian CP dispensers (ISAGRO, Italy) in combination with the granulosis virus product Carpovirusine 2000 (Arysta LifeScience, France) against Codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella, was tested near Plovdiv, Central South Bulgaria. In 2007, the method was applied in an orchard where in the previous year fruit damage reached 18.7% and the CM population was high, as indicated by 3.83 diapausing larvae per tree. Carpovirusine was applied 11 times in the trial plot in combination with Ecodian CP dispensers installed twice during the season. Before harvest, fruit damage in the trial plot amounted to 0.9% and the overwintering population in autumn 2007 was only 0.46 larvae per tree. At the same time in the reference orchard, where 15 insecticide treatments were applied during the season, fruit damage before harvest reached 12.3% and the hibernating population was 7.97 larvae per tree. So, it has been confirmed that combination of both methods might be an effective tool for control of codling moth in the orchards with high population density and resistance to conventional insecticides. This study is being continued.

scholarly journals Cydia pomonella granulovirus Genotypes Overcome Virus Resistance in the Codling Moth and Improve Virus Efficiency by Selection against Resistant Hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Berling ◽  
Christine Blachere-Lopez ◽  
Olivier Soubabere ◽  
Xavier Lery ◽  
Antoine Bonhomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Resistant Trait

ABSTRACT Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for 15 years as a bioinsecticide in codling moth (Cydia pomonella) control. In 2004, some insect populations with low susceptibility to the virus were detected for the first time in southeast France. RGV, a laboratory colony of codling moths resistant to the CpGV-M isolate used in the field, was established with collection of resistant insects in the field followed by an introgression of the resistant trait into a susceptible colony (Sv). The resistance level (based on the 50% lethal concentrations [LC50s]) of the RGV colony to the CpGV-M isolate, the active ingredient in all commercial virus formulations in Europe, appeared to be over 60,000-fold compared to the Sv colony. The efficiency of CpGV isolates from various other regions was tested on RGV. Among them, two isolates (I12 and NPP-R1) presented an increased pathogenicity on RGV. I12 had already been identified as effective against a resistant C. pomonella colony in Germany and was observed to partially overcome the resistance in the RGV colony. The recently identified isolate NPP-R1 showed an even higher pathogenicity on RGV than other isolates, with an LC50 of 166 occlusion bodies (OBs)/μl, compared to 1.36 � 106 OBs/μl for CpGV-M. Genetic characterization showed that NPP-R1 is a mixture of at least two genotypes, one of which is similar to CpGV-M. The 2016-r4 isolate obtained from four successive passages of NPP-R1 in RGV larvae had a sharply reduced proportion of the CpGV-M-like genotype and an increased pathogenicity against insects from the RGV colony.

scholarly journals Partial Loss of Inheritable Type I Resistance of Codling Moth to Cydia pomonella granulovirus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangbin Fan ◽  
Jörg Wennmann ◽  
Johannes Jehle
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Type I ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Type I Resistance ◽  
Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus

Current knowledge of the field resistance of codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella, L) against Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is based mainly on the interaction between the Mexican isolate CpGV-M and CpRR1, a genetically homogeneous CM inbreed line carrying type I resistance. The resistance level of laboratory-reared CpRR1 to CpGV-M was recently found to have decreased considerably, compared to the initially high resistance. To understand the background of this phenomenon, CpRR1 larvae were exposed over several generations to CpGV-M for re-selection of the original resistance level. After five and seven generations of selection, new CpRR1_F5 and CpRR1_F7 lines were established. The resistance ratio of these selected lines was determined by full range bioassays. The CpRR1_F5 strain regained a higher level of resistance against CpGV up to 104-fold based on LC50 values compared to susceptible larvae (CpS), which indicated that the absence of virus selection had resulted in a reduction of resistance under laboratory rearing conditions. In addition, some fitness costs of fecundity were observed in CpRR1_F5. Single-pair crossings between CpRR1_F5 or CpRR1_F7 with susceptible CpS moths revealed a dominant but not fully sex-linked inheritance, which suggests a partial loss of previous resistance traits in CpRR1.

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