scholarly journals Effect of perforated foil and polypropylene fibre covers on growth of early potato cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wadas ◽  
E. Kosterna ◽  
A. Kurowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Polypropylene Fibre ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Plant Emergence

This paper presents the results of a three-year research on the effect of perforated polyethylene foil and polypropylene fibre covers on the growth of early potato cultivars at various lengths of plant covering period (2 and 3 weeks after plant emergence). Plants grown under covers were higher, produced higher mass of above-ground parts, and were characterised by a smaller value of leaf weight ratio (LWR) and leaf area ratio (LAR) compared with the cultivation without covering. In the case of plant covering for 2 weeks after emergence the mass of leaves at the time of cover removal was on average almost 2 times higher and the mass of stems over 2.5 times higher than in the cultivation without covering; the values of LWR and LAR were however smaller by 0.094 and 0.137 m<sup/kg, respectively. At the 3-week period of plant covering the differences in the mass of above-ground parts were a little smaller than at 2-week period of plant covering, and LWR and LAR were 1.4 times and 2.3 times higher, respectively. The research showed a significant effect of type of cover used on plant growth. When perforated foil was used, plants were higher and produced more mass of above-ground parts compared with polypropylene fibre usage. The most favourable effect of perforated foil covering was observed in the year with the lowest air temperature in May; 2 weeks after plant emergence, the use of perforated foil resulted in the mass of leaves and stems 1.5 times and 2.2 times as high as with the polypropylene fibre, respectively. The differences were lower when plants were covered for 3 weeks. The use of polypropylene fibre resulted in higher LWR and LAR by 0.060 and 0.276 m<sup/kg, respectively, after 2 weeks from plant emergence, and by 0.072 and 0.328 m<sup/kg after 3 weeks from plant emergence.

scholarly journals Effect of perforated foil and polypropylene fibre covers on assimilation leaf area of early potato cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wadas ◽  
E. Kosterna
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Polypropylene Fibre ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
The Moment

This paper presents the results of a three-year research on the effect of perforated polyethylene foil and polypropylene fibre covering at various lengths of plant cover period (2 and 3 weeks after plant emergence) on the assimilation leaf area of early potato cultivars. In the case of plant covering for 2 weeks after emergence the assimilation leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) at the moment of cover removal were on average 2 times higher than in the cultivation without covering; at the 3-week period of plant covering they were almost 1.7 times higher. A higher favourable effect of covering was obtained in the year with the lowest air temperature in May. The use of the covers at that time increased the assimilation leaf area and LAI 2.5 times and 3 times, respectively. The research showed no significant effect of the type of cover used on the assimilation leaf area and LAI; however, the specific leaf area (SLA) was higher with the use of polypropylene fibre.

scholarly journals Effect of perforated foil and polypropylene fibre covers on development of early potato cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wadas ◽  
E. Kosterna
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Polypropylene Fibre ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Warm Spring ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Cold Spring ◽  
Development Phases

The effect of perforated polyethylene foil and polypropylene fibre cover on the development of the early potato cultivars Aksamitka and Cykada was investigated. The use of the covers resulted in an increase in the soil temperature at the depth of 100 mm on average by 2.2&deg;C at 8 a.m. and by 4.0&deg;C at 2 p.m. in the year with warm spring and by 1.5&deg;C and 3.2&deg;C in the year with cold spring, respectively. A higher increase in the soil temperature, on average by 1&minus;2&deg;C, was caused by the use of the perforated foil than by the use of the polypropylene fibre. The increase in the soil temperature as a result of covering forced the plant emergence on average by 5 days and shortened the period from planting to tuber setting by 5 days in comparison with the cultivation with no plant covering. The higher favourable effect of covering was obtained in the year with the lowest air and soil temperatures in May. The use of the covers at that time forced the plant emergence and shortened the period from planting to tuber setting on average by 6 days. A higher soil temperature increase was observed under the perforated foil than under the polypropylene fibre, which resulted in an earlier occurrence of the successive plant development phases, on average by 1&minus;2 days.

scholarly journals Effect of multi-nutrient complex fertilizers on growth and tuber yield of very early potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Wadas ◽  
Tomasz Dziugieł
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Area Index

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of multi-nutrient complex fertilizers (HydroComplex, Nitrophoska Blue Special and Viking 13 from the nitrophoska group, and Polimag S from the amophoska group) and single-nutrient fertilizers on the growth and tuber yield of very early potato cultivars (‘Aster’, ‘Fresco’, ‘Gloria’). The field experiment was carried out on podzolic soil in mid-eastern Poland during 2005–2007. The study showed a greater beneficial effect of HydroComplex and Nitrophoska Blue Special on the growth of very early potato cultivars than that of Viking 13 and Polimag S. The application of HydroComplex and Nitrophoska Blue Special resulted in greater above-ground plant biomass and assimilation leaf area compared with single-nutrient fertilizers; the leaf area index (LAI) was higher by 0.28 and 0.32, respectively. The differences were smaller and not statistically confirmed with the use of Polimag S and Viking 13. When the multi-nutrient complex fertilizers were applied, leaf weight ratio (LWR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) were similar to the single-nutrient fertilizers. Of the multi-nutrient complex fertilizers, only Nitrophoska Blue Special resulted in higher tuber yield, on average by 2.40 t × ha<sup>-1</sup>, compared with the single-nutrient fertilizers. The studied cultivars showed a similar response to applied fertilizers. LAI for ‘Gloria’ was higher than for ‘Aster’ and ‘Fresco’, with smaller LAR found in ‘Gloria’. LWR for ‘Fresco’ was smaller than for ‘Aster’ and ‘Gloria’, with higher SLA found in ‘Fresco’. The tuber yield of ‘Aster” (24.04 t × ha<sup>-1</sup>) was higher on average by 3 t × ha<sup>-1</sup> than for ‘Fresco’ and ‘Gloria’.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Changes in the Built Environment Characteristics and Urban Heat Island Effect in a Medium-Sized City, Chiayi City, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jou-Man Huang ◽  
Heui-Yung Chang ◽  
Yu-Su Wang
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Urban Heat

This study took Chiayi City—a tropical, medium-sized city—as an example to investigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect using mobile transects and built environment characteristics in 2018. The findings were compared to those from a study in 1999 to explore the spatiotemporal changes in the built environment characteristics and UHI phenomenon. The result for the UHI intensity (UHII) during the day was approximately 4.1 °C and at midnight was approximately 2.5 °C. Compared with the survey in 1999, the UHII during the day increased by approximately 1.3 °C, and the UHII at midnight decreased by approximately 1.2 °C. The trend of the spatial distribution of the increasing artificial area ratio (AAR) proved the importance of urban land use expansion on UHI. The results of the air temperature survey were incorporated with the nesting space in GIS to explore the role of built environment characteristics in UHI effects. The higher the population density (PD) and artificial area ratio (AAR) were, the closer the proximity was to the downtown area. The green area ratio (GAR) was less than 0.2 in the downtown area and increased closer to the rural areas. The built environment factors were analyzed in detail and correlated with the UHI effect. The air temperature in the daytime increased with the population density (PD) and artificial area ratio (AAR), but decreased with the green area ratio (GAR) (r = ±0.3–0.4). The result showed good agreement with previous studies.

Pressure Testing of New 8” Pipeline Lateral With Air

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Botros ◽  
J. Geerligs ◽  
A. Glover ◽  
G. Nahas
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pressure Testing ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Simulated Test

A procedure for pressure testing of small diameter pipelines (up to NPS 12) using air has been developed based on pilot test results conducted on a controlled simulated test section of a small volume = 18.5 m3. This paper describes the simulated test facility and presents results of five simulated tests with different size pinhole leaks. A model describing leaks and effects of variation in air temperature has been developed, and together with the test results, a criteria for the upper limit of pipe volume to leak area ratio for implementation of air testing for various pipe sizes, has been arrived at. The procedure was then developed and utilized on a project approved by the Alberta Energy Utility Board. Results of this test on a new 12.2 km NPS 8 pipeline lateral in Alberta are also presented.

scholarly journals Research of Deicing and Melting Snow on Airport Asphalt Pavement by Carbon Fiber Heating Wire

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Su ◽  
Yong Lai ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Daoxun Ma ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Melting Snow ◽  
Cold Zone ◽  
Heating Wire ◽  
Pavement Temperature ◽  
Free Area

In the paper, the method of deicing and melting snow by the carbon fiber heating wire (CFHW) embedded in the airport asphalt pavement is proposed to improve the security of airport operation. The field experiment of deicing and melting snow on the airport asphalt pavement is conducted. Deicing and melting snow, asphalt pavement temperature, ice-free area ratio, and snow-free area ratio are analyzed. Electrical power with 350 W/m2 is input to the airport asphalt pavement for deicing and melting snow by the CFHW. In the experiment, 3 mm ice can be melted, and the average infrared ray temperature (IRT) of the airport asphalt pavement surface can achieve an increment of 13.0°C in 2.5 hours when the air temperature is from −7.5°C to −2.2°C. Snow with 3.2 mm precipitation can be melted in 2 hours when the air temperature is from −4.8°C to −3.5°C, and the asphalt pavement temperature can achieve an increment of 5.9°C at the depth of 0.5 cm. The results show that the method of deicing and melting snow on the airport asphalt pavement by the CFHW is practicable in the cold zone.

scholarly journals Propagule Type and Planting Time Affect Subsequent Mayapple Growth

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Cushman ◽  
Muhammad Maqbool
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
And Performance

Leaves of american mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.) contain podophyllotoxin, a compound of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Cultural practices for establishment of mayapple in field plantings for commercial harvest have not been investigated. A factorial arrangement of three planting dates (Fall 2000, Spring 2001, or Summer 2001) and three propagule types (Nt+N1, Nt, or Nx; as described by Maqbool et al., 2004) were used to investigate strategies for establishing mayapple plantings. Rhizome segments were harvested from the wild and transplanted into plant beds in full sun in northern Mississippi. Plant emergence was recorded during March and April of each year from 2001 to 2004. Leaves within each plot were harvested as soon as they began to yellow, from the third week of April to the first week of June each year. Propagule type and planting time interacted to affect subsequent plant growth when measured on an area basis (per square meter of growing area). In 2004, spring-planted Nt+N1 produced more shoots with greater total leaf area and dry mass than spring-planted Nx or Nt. In contrast, Nt+N1 transplanted during fall or summer was equal in performance to that of Nx or Nt. Performance of summer-planted Nt was poor, producing far less leaf area and dry mass than any of the other treatment combinations. On a per plant basis, fall-planted propagules produced greater leaf area and dry mass in 2004 than spring- or summer-planted propagules, and Nt+N1 produced greater leaf area than Nx or Nt. The effect of year was not analyzed in this study due to complications of the experimental design. In conclusion, overall plant growth and performance of spring-planted Nt+N1 can be recommended as excellent and that of fall-planted Nt as poor. All other treatment combinations can be recommended as good. These results will assist growers of specialty crops in establishing mayapple plantings under field conditions in full sun.

scholarly journals Pre-harvest Foliar Application of Oxalic Acid Improves Strawberry Plant Growth and Fruit Quality

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahee Anwar ◽  
Shaista Gull ◽  
Muhammad Nafees ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Zahoor Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Promoting Effect

Delicate fruit of strawberry is susceptible to high temperature stress and fungal infection. An extensive spray program is usually adapted to secure yield and fruit quality which sometimes pose a serious threat to consumer health. However, development of eco-friendly, economical and safer strategies has always been in focus of R&D sector. In this study, field-grown strawberry plants cv. Chandler were sprayed with 1, 2 or 3 mM oxalic acid at flowering stage. Interestingly, foliar application of oxalic acid in low doses (1 mM and 2 mM) had more growth-promoting effect on strawberries whereas foliar application of 3 mM oxalic acid either negatively affected or remained ineffective. Low-dose applications of oxalic acid resulted in enhanced nitrogen (1.5-fold), phosphorus (2.5-fold) and potassium (1.75-fold) levels in leaf petioles. Increase in primary macronutrients was also correlated well with enhancement in plant growth indicators including dry biomass (1.5-fold), leaf area (1.7-fold), specific leaf area (2.8-fold) and leaf area ratio (2.6-fold), root weight ratio (1.9-fold), root-to-shoot ratio (1.4-fold). Only, leaf chlorophyll and fresh fruit weight were negatively impacted by oxalic acid. In addition to increase in number of fruits per plant, oxalic acid also improved sensory properties of strawberry fruits mainly due to increase in sugar: acid ratio (1.6-fold), ascorbic acid contents (1.2-fold) and non-reducing sugars (2-fold). Overall, foliar application of 1 mM oxalic acid favoured vegetative growth and enhanced yield and fruit quality of strawberry cv. Chandler.

scholarly journals DIFFERENT SHADING NETS IN ESCAROLE GROWTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-595
Author(s):  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽  
Carla Janaina Werner ◽  
Thais Pollon Zanatta ◽  
Patricia Brezolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth

The aim of work was to verify the effect of different shading levels in escarole crop, during summer in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen RS Campus, in 2015 with Escarola Lisa escarole cultivar. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three shading levels (0%, 30%, 50%), with six replications. Growth evaluation were performed in destructive manner every seven days, from transplant to harvest point. From the information obtained, traits were determined: leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, biological productivity, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate. The data obtained were analyzed by the statistical program Genes, the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The shading level 30% provided greater leaf area, higher biological productivity and absolute growth rate. However, the leaf area ratio was higher when shading level 50% was tested. However, it can be said that the shading levels favor growth of escarole crop.

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