scholarly journals Genealogical Analysis of the Genetic Diversity in Winter Wheat Cultivars Grown in the Former Czechoslovakia and the Present Czech Republic during 1919–2001

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Stehno ◽  
L. Dotlačil ◽  
I. Faberová ◽  
S. Martynov ◽  
T. Dobrotvorskaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genealogical Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Foreign Materials

Using genealogical analysis, the genetic diversity in winter wheat cultivars registered and grown in the formerCzechoslovakia and the presentCzech Republic during 1919–2001 was studied. The strong increase of the diversity level since the 1970-s is based on the wide use in breeding programs of foreign materials, most of which originated in countries of Western, Central andEastern Europe. Simultaneously a genetic erosion in the released cultivars occurred; from the 1930-s to the 1970-s, a significant number of original local ancestors was lost. The modern cultivars listed in the Czech National List of Varieties in 2000–2001 can be distinguished into clusters. The overwhelming majority of cultivars belong to two clusters of similar extent. In one of them the ancestors fromWestern Europe can be found, while in the second cluster ancestors fromEastern Europe dominate, mainly through cvs. Mironovskaya 808 and Bezostaya 1. An index of similarity of modern cultivars grown in theCzech Republic is approximately equal to the average between half- and quarter-sibs. Consequently, it can be concluded that the genetic diversity in winter wheat cultivars presently grown in theCzech   Republic has increased in the last decades and is considered as acceptable.  

scholarly journals HETEROSIS IN F1 HYBRIDS BETWEEN SPRING AND WINTER WHEATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. GRANT ◽  
HUGH McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Wheat Parent

Significant levels of heterosis were demonstrated in F1 yield trials from crosses between three spring and three winter wheats (T. aestivum L.): Thatcher × Winalta, Cypress × Kharkov 22 MC, and Lee × Cheyenne. Yields up to 40% higher than those of the spring wheat parent were attributed to heterosis resulting from hybridization of genetically diverse spring and winter types. To our knowledge this is the first published report of heterosis for yield in F1 hybrids between spring and winter wheat cultivars. This information has significance in both hybrid wheat and conventional breeding programs.

scholarly journals Assessment of molecular and phenotypic diversity among winter wheat cultivars

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Petrovic ◽  
Sonja Maric ◽  
Tihomir Cupic ◽  
A. Rebekic ◽  
Ivana Rukavina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Morphologic Data ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Comparing results of different genetic diversity estimates can be useful in parental selection for plant breeders. Forty winter wheat cultivars, from three Croatian breeding centres and four foreign countries, were used to utilize and compare agronomic, morphologic and molecular based genetic diversity estimates. Ten morphologic descriptors according to UPOV guidelines and eight agronomic traits were used to establish phenotypic data. Molecular data consisted of 26 SSR and four combinations of AFLP markers, covering all three wheat genomes. Agro-morphologic data showed variability especially regarding plant height (CV=18.44%), yield (CV=22.02%), and ear emergence (range=8). Discriminant analysis confirmed grouping among cultivars was mostly influenced by number of days to heading and yield. The four AFLP primer combinations and 26 SSR markers yielded 108 polymorphic bands. The UPGMA based on phenotypic data, arranged cultivars in four clusters, with one distinctive outlier, cultivar U1. The UPGMA based on molecular data also arranged cultivars in four clusters, with one distinctive outlier, cultivar Antonius. The similarities based on all four genetic diversity estimates reflected, on average, the degree of relatedness of cultivars used. No correlations between phenotypic and molecular data were found implying that both types of data should be used for genetic diversity estimates in order to cover wider variability between tested cultivars.

scholarly journals Relationships between Genetic Diversity and Fusarium Toxin Profiles of Winter Wheat Cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Goral ◽  
Kinga Stuper-Szablewska ◽  
Maciej Busko ◽  
Maja Boczkowska ◽  
Dorota Walentyn-Goral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fusarium Toxin ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Genealogical analysis of diversity of spring bread wheat cultivars released in Kazakhstan from 1929-2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Martynov ◽  
T. V. Dobrotvorskaya ◽  
A. I. Morgounov ◽  
R. A. Urazaliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Genealogical Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Growing Conditions

The genetic diversity of 116 spring bread wheat cultivars released in Kazakhstan from 1929-2004 was studied by means of a genealogical analysis. The tendency of genetic diversity to change over time was traced by analysing a series of n ´ m matrices, where n is the number of released cultivars and m is the number of landrace ancestors. The pool of landrace ancestors of spring wheat cultivars in 1929-2004 contained a total of 114 landraces and old varieties, including 19 from Kazakhstan and Central Asia and 23 from neighbouring regions of Russia. The original ancestors differ significantly in frequency of presence and hence in their importance in the genepool of spring wheats cultivated in Kazakhstan. Significant differences in the contributions of dominant ancestors to cultivars for various regions have been revealed, showing that those ancestors were specifically adapted to different growing conditions. During the past 75 years, genetic diversity has increased due to the wide use of foreign materials in breeding programmes. A more detailed study has shown that during the period analysed, 15 landraces from Kazakhstan and neighbouring regions of Central Asia and Russia (35% of local germplasm) were lost from the pedigrees. The cluster structure of modern cultivars included in the Kazakhstan Official List (2002) was established. By analysing coefficients of parentage, significant differences in the genetic diversity of cultivars from various growing regions were revealed.

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