scholarly journals An estimation of subsurface total drainage quantity in non-steady state drainage flow, and its verification in loamy soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 562-571
Author(s):  
J. Štibinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Analytical Approximation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Drainage Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quantity Equation ◽  
Permeable Soil

The subsurface total drainage quantity is a very important hydrological indicator to solve the drainage problems in a field of water management in the landscape, especially in a situation after massive floods. Described in this paper is an estimation of the subsurface total drainage quantity, which was developed by the operation of a subsurface pipe drainage system in saturated, middle permeable soil under unsteady state drainage flow with the application of the Dupuit’s assumptions and Darcy’s law, by analytical approximation. The correctness and applicability of this estimation of the subsurface total drainage quantity was verified by field measurements on the loamy soils of an experimental watershed area of the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation (RISWC) Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic. The parameters and the shape of this subsurface total drainage quantity equation were also proved with the help of nonlinear regression analysis, with application of the method of Marquardt. This analytical approximation should serve as an elementary tool of water engineering practice for an immediate estimation of the values of subsurface total drainage quantities from field pipe drainage systems in saturated loamy soils. It requires only a minimum amount of information (fundamental soil hydrology data and drainage system basic design parameters) and its use is often viewed, it is simple, user-friendly and is possible for a wide range of drainage policies.

scholarly journals Approximation of subsurface drainage discharge by De Zeeuw-Hellinga theory and its verification in heavy soils of fluvial landscape of the Cerhovice brook

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
J. Štibinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Analytical Approximation ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
The Impact

The subsurface drainage discharge is one of the most important indicators of the impact of the drainage systems on the water management. The procedure adopted in this study is based on the application of the De Zeeuw-Hellinga theory to derive the final expression for the estimation of the value of the subsurface drainage discharge. A simple analytical approximation of the Bussinesq’s Equation was used to verify theoretically the validity of the De Zeeuw-Hellinga assumptions and to confirm the correctness of other corresponding processes. The formulas describing the subsurface drainage discharge were derived in the conditions of the unsteady state subsurface flow to drains. These conditions included the approximately horizontal impervious layer and the Dupuit’s assumptions and Darcy’s law. No recharge to the groundwater table was realised during the drainage testing. The applicability of the De Zeeuw-Hellinga formula and the accuracy of the analytical approximation of the subsurface drainage discharge by the Bussinesq’s Equation were verified by the real field measurements on the heavy soils of the experimental watershed area of the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation (RISWC) Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic. The same data were successfully used also for the confirmation of the accuracy of the method for the derivation of a simple analytical approximation of the subsurface total drainage quantity. It was demonstrated that this approximation of the subsurface drainage discharge by De Zeeuw-Hellinga theory could satisfactorily serve in the area of water engineering practice as an elementary tool for the immediate estimation of the values of the subsurface drainage discharges from the pipe drainage systems in the saturated porous environment. The advantage of this approximation is particularly the minimum amount of the input data, e.g. the basic soil hydrology data and drainage system basic design parameters. The sphere of the use of the De Zeeuw-Hellinga equations is certainly very wide. The verifications of the field test results and measurements demonstrated that the possibilities of applications and their perceived benefits to the user can be fulfilled.

A multiple objective evolutionary algorithm approach to find optimal design parameters for beam position monitoring systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050038
Author(s):  
Ayhan Aydin ◽  
Erkan Bostanci ◽  
Omer Ozgur Tanriover
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Analytical Approximation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Multiple Objective ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Beam Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Beam Parameters

Diagnostic systems are key components for all accelerators, and Beam Position Monitor (BPM) systems are one of the primary functional units. Such systems allow us to observe the beam characteristics and hence interpret and adjust the beam parameters to achieve the required parameter range. This study aims to specify BPM parameters like antenna radius, capacitance, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), etc. for Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory in Ankara (TARLA). Searching optimal values for such parameters is conventionally performed using methods including Finite Element Methods (FEM) or analytical approximation. Here, Multiple Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) were employed as an alternative. We aimed to obtain a wide range of available results for possible production constraints. Considering TARLA beam parameters, button-type BPMs can be employed as diagnostic tools due to their low cost and simple mechanical structure. SNR levels of 20–40[Formula: see text]dB were achieved using antennas with radius parameters of 3–10[Formula: see text]mm. It is known that these SNR levels are in the acceptable range for the read-out electronic system.

scholarly journals Forecasted estimation of the efficiency of agricultural drainage on drained lands

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Rokochinskiy ◽  
Pavlo Volk ◽  
Oleg Pinchuk ◽  
Vasyl Turcheniuk ◽  
Nadiia Frolenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Drainage Flow ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract In the article we developed the design principles and implementation of a complex model and optimized the design parameters of drainage. The study was based on the implementation of interconnected structural and technological forecasting simulation and optimization model blocks, which in turn allowed to justify the optimal design parameters and drainage considering multiple natural and agronomic conditions and reclamation facilities. Example of evaluating the performance of drainage on drained lands was made for the conditions of a real project, implemented on lands of agricultural holding “May Day” located within of drainage system “Ikva” in the Rivne region. For the object conditions (average decade formation conditions of the drainage flow module for growing perennial grasses, winter cereals and potatoes) the estimated duration of the growing season was 214 days (100%), of which the total duration of drainage was 60% and included different levels of efficiency: 39% – ecological, 15.5% – technological and 5.5% – economic. The duration of its critical operations (forming module drainage flow exceeds the design of its value) does not exceed 5%. Thus, this approach enables the assessment of drainage with predetermined or specified parameters in the construction or renovation of drainage systems on different levels of effectiveness. It can be effectively used in the overall complex predictive and optimization calculations to substantiate the design and parameters of agricultural drainage, taking into account the variability of natural agrotechnical and reclamation conditions of a real object.

Formation and composition of training flax collection

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
L.M. Kryvosheieva ◽  
V.I. Chuchvaha ◽  
N.M. Kandyba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Aim. Based on the results of multi-year research into the flax gene pool, to form a flax training collection to provide breeding scientific organizations and educational institutions with collection samples as well as with information about the bast crop gene pool. Results and Discussion. The studies were conducted in the crop rotation fields for breeding and seed production of the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS (Hlukhiv, Sumska Oblast) in 1992-2018. The field measurements and laboratory analyses were carried out in accordance with conventional methods of field and laboratory studies of collection flax samples.The article presents the results on the formation of a training collection of flax at the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS, which has 117 accessions (11 botanical species and three varieties) from 22 countries. In addition to species diversity, the collection includes accessions with different levels of expression of valuable economic and biological characteristics. It also includes accessions selected by phenotypic variability of individual characters or their combinations. The multi-year research into the flax collection accessions resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest for the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine is shown, where breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems, are presented. The collection can be used as a visual aid for the plant breeding course in educational programs; in addition, it can provide starting material for scientific and educational institutions. The collection is registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (certificate No. 00273 dated 04/11/2019). Conclusions. The studies of accessions from the national flax collection allowed us to build up a training collection and register it with the NCPGRU. The collection represents a wide range of biological and economic features of the gene pool of this crop. The collection can be used in the educational process of educational agricultural and biological institutions. The multi-year research into the national flax collection resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest to the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine got covered, and breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems are presented.

Modelling solid transport in building drainage systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Swaffield ◽  
John A. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
System Model ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Solid Transport

The transient flow conditions within a building drainage system may be simulated by the numerical solution of the defining equations of momentum and continuity, coupled to a knowledge of the boundary conditions representing either appliances discharging to the network or particular network terminations. While the fundamental mathematics has long been available, it is the availability of fast, affordable and accessible computing that has allowed the development of the simulations presented in this paper. A drainage system model for unsteady partially filled pipeflow will be presented in this paper. The model is capable of predicting flow depth and rate, and solid velocity, throughout a complex network. The ability of such models to assist in the decision making and design processes will be shown, particularly in such areas as appliance design and water conservation.

Automated simulation techniques for uncovering high-performance bioinspired cellular structures under blast loads

2021 ◽  
pp. 109963622110204
Author(s):  
Abdallah Ghazlan ◽  
Tuan Ngo ◽  
Tay Son Le ◽  
Tu Van Le
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Blast Loading ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Automated Simulation

Trabecular bone possesses a complex hierarchical structure of plate- and strut-like elements, which is analogous to structural systems encountered in engineering practice. In this work, key structural features of trabecular bone are mimicked to uncover effective energy dissipation mechanisms under blast loading. To this end, several key design parameters were identified to develop a bone-like unit cell. A computer script was then developed to automatically generate bone-like finite element models with many combinations of these design parameters, which were simulated under blast loading. The optimal structure was identified and its performance was benchmarked against traditional engineered cellular structures, including those with hexagonal, re-entrant and square cellular geometries. The bone-like structure showed superior performance over its engineered counterparts using the peak transmitted reaction force and energy dissipation as the key performance criteria.

Green roof hydrologic performance and modeling: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Li ◽  
Roger W. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Runoff Volume

Green roofs reduce runoff from impervious surfaces in urban development. This paper reviews the technical literature on green roof hydrology. Laboratory experiments and field measurements have shown that green roofs can reduce stormwater runoff volume by 30 to 86%, reduce peak flow rate by 22 to 93% and delay the peak flow by 0 to 30 min and thereby decrease pollution, flooding and erosion during precipitation events. However, the effectiveness can vary substantially due to design characteristics making performance predictions difficult. Evaluation of the most recently published study findings indicates that the major factors affecting green roof hydrology are precipitation volume, precipitation dynamics, antecedent conditions, growth medium, plant species, and roof slope. This paper also evaluates the computer models commonly used to simulate hydrologic processes for green roofs, including stormwater management model, soil water atmosphere and plant, SWMS-2D, HYDRUS, and other models that are shown to be effective for predicting precipitation response and economic benefits. The review findings indicate that green roofs are effective for reduction of runoff volume and peak flow, and delay of peak flow, however, no tool or model is available to predict expected performance for any given anticipated system based on design parameters that directly affect green roof hydrology.

scholarly journals Energy implications of the millennium drought on urban water cycles in Southeast Australian cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
K. L. Lam ◽  
P. A. Lant ◽  
S. J. Kenway
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Related Energy ◽  
Millennium Drought ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract During the Millennium Drought in Australia, a wide range of supply-side and demand-side water management strategies were adopted in major southeast Australian cities. This study undertakes a time-series quantification (2001–2014) and comparative analysis of the energy use of the urban water supply systems and sewage systems in Melbourne and Sydney before, during and after the drought, and evaluates the energy implications of the drought and the implemented strategies. In addition, the energy implications of residential water use in Melbourne are estimated. The research highlights that large-scale adoption of water conservation strategies can have different impacts on energy use in different parts of the urban water cycle. In Melbourne, the per capita water-related energy use reduction in households related to showering and clothes-washing alone (46% reduction, 580 kWhth/p/yr) was far more substantial than that in the water supply system (32% reduction, 18 kWhth/p/yr). This historical case also demonstrates the importance of balancing supply- and demand-side strategies in managing long-term water security and related energy use. The significant energy saving in water supply systems and households from water conservation can offset the additional energy use from operating energy-intensive supply options such as inter-basin water transfers and seawater desalination during dry years.

scholarly journals Multi-stable composite twisting structure for morphing applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 468 (2141) ◽  
pp. 1230-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lachenal ◽  
P. M. Weaver ◽  
S. Daynes
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Morphing Structure ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Unstable States

Conventional shape-changing engineering structures use discrete parts articulated around a number of linkages. Each part carries the loads, and the articulations provide the degrees of freedom of the system, leading to heavy and complex mechanisms. Consequently, there has been increased interest in morphing structures over the past decade owing to their potential to combine the conflicting requirements of strength, flexibility and low mass. This article presents a novel type of morphing structure capable of large deformations, simply consisting of two pre-stressed flanges joined to introduce two stable configurations. The bistability is analysed through a simple analytical model, predicting the positions of the stable and unstable states for different design parameters and material properties. Good correlation is found between experimental results, finite-element modelling and predictions from the analytical model for one particular example. A wide range of design parameters and material properties is also analytically investigated, yielding a remarkable structure with zero stiffness along the twisting axis.

Closed-Form Correlation of Buildings Energy Use With Key Design Parameters Calibrated Using a Genetic Algorithm

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed I. Bourisli ◽  
Adnan A. AlAnzi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Variable Function ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm ◽  
The Difference

This work aims at developing a closed-form correlation between key building design variables and its energy use. The results can be utilized during the initial design stages to assess the different building shapes and designs according to their expected energy use. Prototypical, 20-floor office buildings were used. The relative compactness, footprint area, projection factor, and window-to-wall ratio were changed and the resulting buildings performances were simulated. In total, 729 different office buildings were developed and simulated in order to provide the training cases for optimizing the correlation’s coefficients. Simulations were done using the VisualDOE TM software with a Typical Meteorological Year data file, Kuwait City, Kuwait. A real-coded genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the coefficients of a proposed function that relates the energy use of a building to its four key parameters. The figure of merit was the difference in the ratio of the annual energy use of a building normalized by that of a reference building. The objective was to minimize the difference between the simulated results and the four-variable function trying to predict them. Results show that the real-coded GA was able to come up with a function that estimates the thermal performance of a proposed design with an accuracy of around 96%, based on the number of buildings tested. The goodness of fit, roughly represented by R2, ranged from 0.950 to 0.994. In terms of the effects of the various parameters, the area was found to have the smallest role among the design parameters. It was also found that the accuracy of the function suffers the most when high window-to-wall ratios are combined with low projection factors. In such cases, the energy use develops a potential optimum compactness. The proposed function (and methodology) will be a great tool for designers to inexpensively explore a wide range of alternatives and assess them in terms of their energy use efficiency. It will also be of great use to municipality officials and building codes authors.

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