scholarly journals The effect of trophism level and exploitation intensity on the production characteristics of grassland community dominated by Festuca arundinacea Schreb.

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hrabě ◽  
P. Knot
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Grassland Community ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Cutting Intensity

In 2004&ndash;2009, a small-plot trial was conducted on permanent grassland dominated by Festuca arundinacea Schreb. on the mesohygrophytic site in order to evaluate effects of four levels of nutrition: F<sub>1</sub> = without NPK fertilization, F<sub>2 </sub>= P<sub>30</sub> + K<sub>60</sub>, F<sub>3</sub> = N90 + P<sub>30</sub> + K<sub>60</sub>, F<sub>4</sub> = N<sub>180</sub> + P<sub>30</sub> + K<sub>60</sub> kg/ha), four levels of cutting intensity (I<sub>1</sub>-4, I<sub>2</sub>-3, I<sub>3</sub>-2, early, I<sub>4</sub>-2, late cut) and their interactive influence, i.e. a total of 16 variants on the production of forage dry matter, production of crude protein (CD) and net energy of lactation (NEL) per hectare. The dominant influence of N-nutrition is documented by significant differences in forage dry matter (DM) production between the variants (with the exception of F<sub>1</sub>/F<sub>2</sub>) ranging from 4.41&ndash;4.80 to 8.44&ndash;9.83 t/ha. The effect of different exploitation level on the production is subdominant and no significant differences were found either in the production of forage DM<br />(I<sub>1</sub>-6.41 &ndash; I<sub>2</sub>-6.59 &ndash; I<sub>3</sub>-6.97 &ndash; I<sub>4</sub>-7.50 t/ha) or in the production of nutrients. Management models to be recommended for the given type of sward with respect to the interactive influence, efficacy of forage production and quality are as follows: (a) three cuts/180 kg N + PK/ha with forage suitable for dairy cows; (b) two cuts/90 kg N + PK/ha with forage suitable for cattle breeds kept for meat.

Potensi Covercrop Kebun Sawit Sebagai Sumber Pakan Hijauan Ternak Ruminansia Pada Musim Kemarau di Pelalawan, Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan A. Gopar ◽  
S. Martono ◽  
Muhamad N. Rofiq ◽  
Windu N.
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Line Intercept

The objective of this experiment was to obtain forage/ cover crops productivity and carrying capacity for ruminant animals in Pelalawan Regency, Riau in the dry season. Data were collected from civil palm oil plantations at the aged 7, 10 and 14 years in the end of dry season with a destructive sampling method. Sampling used line intercept method which every hectare were picked 10 points by using a pair of 1 m2 sized quadrant. The result showed that the number of vegetations/ cover crops in oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 42 types.The proportion of forage which consist grass, legume and ferns was diverse at each age of oil palm plantations. Forage production under oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years were 2,571 kg/ha, 1479.76 kg/ha and 1417.22 kg/ha as fed and amounted to 811.41 kg/ ha, 471, 15 kg/ ha and 456.91 kg/ ha in the dry matter production. Average carrying capacities of oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 0.36 Animal units (AU)/ha/year, 0.21 AU/ha/year and 0.20 AU/ ha/year.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jumlah covercrop dan kapasitas tampungnya di kebun sawit sebagai sumber pakan hijauan ruminansia pada musim kemarau di kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau. Pengambilan data dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun milik rakyat pada akhir musim kemarau. Pengambilan sampel dengan destructive sampling method menggunakan metode garis berpetak memakai kuadran berukuran 1m2 dengan jumlah sampel tiap area sebanyak 10 titik. Berdasar hasil pengukuran diperoleh hasil jumlah vegetasi/ covercrop yang ada di kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun sebanyak 42 jenis yang bervariasi tiap umur tanaman sawit. Proporsi hijauan yang ada meliputi jenis rumput, legume dan paku-pakuan bervariasi pada tiap umur kebun sawit. Produksi hijauan yang ada di bawah kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun berturut-turut 2.571 kg/ha, 1.479,76 kg/ha dan 1.417,22 kg/ha dalam bentuk segar serta sebesar 811,41 kg/ha, 471,15 kg/ha dan 456,91 kg/ha dalam bahan kering. Kapasitas tampung dari kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun adalah 0,36 satuan ternak (ST)/ha, 0,21 ST/ha dan 0,20 ST/ha.Keywords: cover crops, oil palm plantation, forage, ruminant, dry season, Pelalawan

scholarly journals IRRIGAÇÃO DE PASTAGENS VIA PIVÔ CENTRAL, NA BOVINOCULTURA DE CORTE.

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pretto de Azevedo ◽  
João Carlos Cury Saad
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Center Pivot

Irrigação de pastagens via pivô central, na bovinocultura de corte.  Leonardo Pretto de Azevedo1; João Carlos Cury Saad21 Instituto Federal de São Roque, São Roque, SP, [email protected] de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP,   1 RESUMO          O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar o sistema de irrigação de pastagens via pivô central na bovinocultura de corte brasileira, bem como discutir a viabilidade econômica desta prática em diferentes regiões do país. Foram apresentados fatores importantes na produção de massa seca de forrageiras tropicais, como temperatura, radiação solar, adubação e água. Também foram apresentadas as vantagens e desvantagens do sistema, bem como uma breve discussão de sua viabilidade econômica. Concluiu-se que a irrigação de pastagens pode ser uma técnica economicamente viável para regiões específicas do Brasil, considerando-se os fatores envolvidos e esclarecendo que apenas o fornecimento de água às culturas não resolve o problema da estacionalidade durante o inverno. UNITERMOS: pivô central, forrageiras, viabilidade econômica  AZEVEDO, L. P.; SAAD, J. C. C. Pasture irrigation under center pivot for beef cattle.  2 ABSTRACT          The aims of this work were to show the pasture irrigation system by center pivot with Brazilian cattle and to discuss the economic feasibility of this technique in different regions of the country. Important parameters to dry matter production of tropical forage plants, as temperature, solar radiation, fertilization, and water requirement were shown Also, the system advantages and disadvantages and a discussion about economic feasibility of this technique were presented. It was concluded that pasture irrigation is a feasible and economical technique to some specific Brazilian regions, depending on appropriated parameters. This work also concludes that just water supply is not enough to assure forage production avoiding reduction in dry production in the winter. KEYWORDS: center pivot, pasture, economic feasibility

scholarly journals Dry matter production and nutrient accumulation after successive crops of lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogongrass in a substrate with zeolite

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto C. de Campos Bernardi ◽  
Marisa Bezerra de Mello Monte ◽  
Paulo Renato Perdigão Paiva ◽  
Carlos Guarino Werneck ◽  
Patrick Gesualdi Haim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Four Levels

Zeolites are hydrated crystalline aluminosilicate minerals of natural occurrence, structured in rigid third dimension net that can be used as slow release plant-nutrient source. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth substrate under zeolite application, enriched with N, P and K, on dry matter yield and on nutrient contents in consecutive crops of lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogon grass. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with 3 kg pots with an inert substrate, evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of four types of enrichment of concentrated natural zeolite: concentrated zeolite (Z) only, zeolite + KNO3 (ZNK), zeolite + K2HPO4 (ZPK) and zeolite + H3PO4 + apatite (ZP), and a control grown in substrate fertilized with a zeolite-free nutrient solution. Four levels of enriched zeolite were tested: 20, 40, 80, and 160 g/pot. Four successive crops were grown on the same substrate in each pot: lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogon grass. Results indicated that N, P and K enriched zeolite was an adequate slow-release nutrient source for plants. The total dry matter production of above-ground biomass of four successive crops followed a descending order: ZP > ZPK > ZNK > Z.

Mixtures of annual legumes and small-grained cereals for forage production under low rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Triticale Line

SUMMARYTwo small-grained cereals, Mulga oats and a triticale line, and two legumes, local vetch and local peas, were grown in pure stands and in mixtures at various cereal: legume seed ratios (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20) for three successive cropping years, 1981/82 to 1983/84, at Laxia and Dromolaxia, Cyprus, in each year.The cereal pure stands produced, on average, more dry matter, 8·40 t/ha, and more digestible organic matter, 4·12 t/ha, than the legume pure stands, 3·68 and 2·18 t/ha, respectively. On average, total dry matter production decreased linearly as the seed proportion of the legume component in the mixture increased. The proportion of the legume in the harvested material was much lower than expected from the seed ratios. The highest proportion of legume was seen in the mixtures of peas with triticale and ranged from 8·1 to 35·5% at the various sowing rates. Digestibility and crude protein content were highest in the mixtures of triticale and peas.

Effect of nitrogen and zinc on nodulation, growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Upadhyay ◽  
Anita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Number Of Branches

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of zinc and nitrogen on growth, nodulation pattern and yield of cowpea. The treatments were four levels of nitrogen ( 0 , 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and four levels of zinc (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/ha). Application of various levels of nitrogen significantly increased dry matter production/plant , plant height number of branches/ plant, effective nodules/ plant, total nodule / plant, effective nodules weight /plant, pods/plant , seeds/pod and grain yield. Similarly zinc significantly increased plant height, branches / plant, number of leaves/plant, dry matter /plant, effective nodules weight /plant and grain yield. There was no significant interaction between nitrogen and zinc on grain yield.

A quantitative study of the effects of gibberellic acid on the growth of Festuca arundinacea

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation

Single plants of Festuca arundinacea (cv. S170) were treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and the sequence of effects on the growth of the whole plant and of various organs followed by means of growth analysis. The first effect of GA was to change the distribution of dry matter between shoot and root and between tillers within the shoot without affecting total plant weight. Shoot growth was increased and resulted in a larger amount of photosynthetic tissue with a higher net assimilation rate; total plant weight increased as a consequence of these effects. The significance of these results in interpreting previous work on the effects of GA on dry matter production in grasses and other plants is discussed.

Pasture mixes with lucerne (Medicago sativa) increase yields and water-use efficiencies over traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. McCaskill ◽  
M. C. Raeside ◽  
S. G. Clark ◽  
C. MacDonald ◽  
B. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Pastures sown to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) with a perennial non-legume could increase feed supply relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Such mixtures might also be preferable to pure lucerne pastures, which are prone to weed invasion. Yield and water-use efficiency (harvested dry matter per unit evapotranspiration) of mixtures with lucerne or subterranean clover were compared a field experiment established under rainfed conditions at Hamilton, Victoria. Soil moisture and dry matter production were measured over 2 years. Treatments included chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) with either lucerne or subterranean clover; pure lucerne; and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with only subterranean clover. In the second year, dry matter production from lucerne mixtures exceeded that of equivalent mixtures with subterranean clover in spring, summer and winter. In spring, the lucerne component continued producing for longer than the clover component through its use of deeper stored soil water, and in summer, lucerne continued to grow slowly after the grass component had entered a drought-induced dormancy. In winter, the contribution from the lucerne component complemented, rather than competed with, that from the non-legume component. Water-use efficiencies during winter–spring ranged from 4 kg ha–1 mm–1 for chicory–clover to 27 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture, and during summer–autumn from nil for cocksfoot–clover to 13 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture. This study demonstrates that lucerne-based mixtures can increase forage supply per unit water use relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization and harvest frequency on floristic composition and yields of meadow stand

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Raus ◽  
Pavel Knot ◽  
František Hrabě
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Floristic Characteristics ◽  
Exploitation Intensity

The effect of fertilization and the harvest frequency on production and floristic characteristics of a meadow stand were assessed in a small plot trial established in 2003 in Vatín, Vysočina Region, the Czech Republic. Four levels of fertilization (none; N0 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1; N90 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1; N180 + P30 + K60 kg∙ha−1) were combined with four treatments of exploitation intensity (4 cuts per year, first cut on 15th May, every next after 45 days; 3 cuts per year, first cut on 30th May, every next after 60 days; 2 cuts per year, first cut on 15th June, next after 90 days; 2 cuts per year, first cut on 30th June, next after 90 days). Production of dry matter and proportions of guilds (grasses, legumes, and other species) were evaluated. Data from 2009–2011 were used in this paper. Yields of the dry matter increased along with increasing amounts of nutrients supplied and ranged from 3.8 t∙ha−1 (non-fertilized) to 9.1 t∙ha−1 (N180PK). The nutrition level had a significant effect on spread of grasses, which reached maximal proportion of 52.3 % under N180PK fertilization compared to 42.1% on non-fertilized plots. On the contrary, legumes flourished well in treatments without N-supply, attaining proportion of 6.8 % and 5.1 % on PK-fertilized and non-fertilized plot, respectively. With regard to the exploitation intensity grasses profited from extensive management by contrast to the group of other species which reached its maximum in swards harvested four times a year. Proportions of legumes did not show significant dependence on the cutting frequency.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll concentration and production of Urochloa decumbens treated with diazotrophic bacteria and thiamine in the Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽  
Paulo Ricardo De Oliveira ◽  
Aliny Heloísa Alcântara Rodrigues ◽  
Sávio Rosa Correia ◽  
Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Small Plot

The effects of application of Azospirillum brasilense and thiamine on chlorophyll concentration and forage mass of Urochloa decumbens were evaluated in a small plot experiment conducted in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The treatments were applications of: A. brasilense (concentration of 10 mL/L); thiamine at 2 concentrations: 50 and 100 mg/L; combinations of A. brasilense and thiamine at the 2 concentrations; and a Control treatment (untreated grass). At the first harvest there was a trend for applying A. brasilense, either alone or in combination with thiamine, to increase the concentrations of chlorophyll, but differences were not always significant at P<0.05. Dry mass of forage from applying A. brasilense plus thiamine at 100 mg/L was greater than that for Control and thiamine at both concentrations. At the second harvest, chlorophyll concentrations were not affected by treatment (P>0.05), while dry matter production of forage from applying A. brasilense alone and thiamine at 100 mg/L was greater (P<0.05) than that of Control and thiamine at 50 mg/L. Larger-scale and longer-term studies to validate these preliminary findings are needed.

scholarly journals An evaluation of tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot in mixes as an alternative to single-species pastures

1994 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
R.J. Johnson ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
T.G. Judd
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Seasonal and annual dry matter production of ryegrass was compared with drought- and grass grub-tolerant species Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) as both single species and different combinations of mixes in two trials from 1982 to 1991. In trial 1, Nui ryegrass (damaged by Argentine stem weevil) produced significantly less than cocksfoot, phalaris and mixtures of the drought-tolerant grasses. Yatsyn-1 ryegrass in trial 2 was not subjected to stem weevil attack and the annual dry matter production was significantly higher than that of tall fescue and, although not significantly, higher than that of phalaris and cocksfoot. In both trials the highest producing mixture was the phalaris/ cocksfoot mix with the exception of the triple mix of phalaris/cocksfoot/tall fescue in trial 2. The phalaris/cocksfoot mix produced significantly more than phalaris as a single species and although not significant, 14% more than cocksfoot suggesting these species are complementary in a mix. The triple mix in trial 2 produced significantly more than all single species except ryegrass. Mixes of srgnificant. tall fescue/phalaris and tall fescue/cocksfoot had no advantage in DM production over single-species sowings of phalaris or cocksfoot, but improved yields over tall fescue. These results show possible complementary effects to sowing phalaris and cocksfoot. The addition of tall fescue to the mix had small and non-significant benefits. Keywords: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Loliumperenne, Phalaris aquatica. grass grub, pasture mixes, pasture production, single species, summer dry spells

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