scholarly journals An evaluation of the efficiency of cultural plants to remove heavy metals from growing mediu

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hajiboland
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

 Contamination of heavy metals in the environment is one of major concern because of their toxicity and threat to human life and the environment. Phytoextraction, using plants to extract heavy metals from contaminated soils is an emerging technology. In this work, in order to find a suitable plant species for use in cleaning up the soil in an industrial region, some crop species, which are cultivated by farmers on these soils, were studied. The effects of various concentrations of four heavy metals including Cd, Cr, Co and Ni were studied in two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in hydroponic culture media under controlled environmental conditions. The results showed that, despite a higher tissue concentration, and because of a low biomass particularly under toxicity conditions, alfalfa was not an effective species in removing heavy metals from the medium. In contrast, regarding the biomass, metal content, as well as % recovery values, it became apparent that the bean plant was the most effective crop in removing heavy metals from medium.

scholarly journals Uptake of Heavy Metals from Urban Wastewater Contaminated Soils by Using Selected Crop Species of Mysuru City, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Abhilash M.R ◽  
Srikantaswamy S ◽  
Shiva Kumar D
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Crop Species

<div><p><em>Heavy metals are among the most important sorts of pollutant in the environment. Numerous methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. F</em><em>actors influencing heavy metal uptake by Crops were studied by pot and field experiments in Mysuru City, India. Results concern with soils is contaminated with Urban Wastewater. In this paper demonstrated effects on the heavy metal content of eight cultivated crop species, in three wastewater contaminated sites of Mysuru City. Interaction between ecological factors and crop characters was demonstrated, as well as results of pot and field studies were compared. Tested plant species were grouped on the basis of their accumulation capability and susceptibility of heavy metals.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jianguo Bao ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Haseeb Tufail Moryani ◽  
Wei Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Central China ◽  
Crop Species

Heavy metal poisoning has caused serious and widespread human tragedies via the food chain. To alleviate heavy metal pollution, particular attention should be paid to low accumulating vegetables and crops. In this study, the concentrations of five hazardous heavy metals (HMs), including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) were determined from soils, vegetables, and crops near four typical mining and smelting zones. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index (Pn), Potential ecological risk index (RI), and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to characterize the pollution degrees. The results showed that soils near mining and metal smelting zones were heavily polluted by Cu, Cd, As, and Pb. The total excessive rate followed a decreasing order of Cd (80.00%) > Cu (61.11%) > As (45.56%) > Pb (32.22%) > Cr (0.00%). Moreover, sources identification indicated that Cu, Pb, Cd, and As may originate from anthropogenic activities, while Cr may originate from parent materials. The exceeding rates of Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As were 6.7%, 6.7%, 66.7%, 80.0%, and 26.7% among the vegetable and crop species, respectively. Particularly, vegetables like tomatoes, bell peppers, white radishes, and asparagus, revealed low accumulation characteristics. In addition, the hazard index (HI) for vegetables and crops of four zones was greater than 1, revealing a higher risk to the health of local children near the mine and smelter. However, the solanaceous fruit has a low-risk index (HI), indicating that it is a potentially safe vegetable type.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals using Selected Organisms Isolated from Electronic Waste Dumpsite of two South-Western States in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Akintokun K. Aderonke ◽  
Onatunde O. Oladimeji ◽  
Olufunke B. Shittu ◽  
Itunu C. Okeyode ◽  
Michael O. Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Micrococcus Roseus

Heavy metals from electronic wastes can accumulate to alarming concentrations in soils, causing significant detrimental impacts on human life and the environment. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by bacteria and fungi has been a major focus of most bioremediation studies owing to the excellent metal-binding properties. The current study was conducted to isolate the most promising Zn, Cu and Pb tolerant microorganisms from contaminated soils, and to assess their metal accumulating abilities. Bacillus licheniformis, B. polymyxa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus roseus, Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were selected for the bioaccumulation study, based on their known tolerance to heavy metals. Bacillus licheniformis was most efficient in the removal of Cu (71.3 %) and Pb (70.1 %). Pb accumulation for Aspergillus flavus was 65.76 %. Zn accumulation for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger were 74.1 % and 78.3 %, respectively. This study concluded that all these microorganisms have potential for bioremediating soil environments contaminated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide in Cover Plants: Medicago sativa L. as a Model Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5098
Author(s):  
Beatriz Fernandes ◽  
Cristiano Soares ◽  
Cláudia Braga ◽  
Ana Rebotim ◽  
Rafael Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Ecotoxicological Assessment ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Target Plant

Despite the several innovations that have been incorporated in agriculture, the use of herbicides, especially glyphosate (GLY), is still the major tool for weed control. Although this herbicide has a notable worldwide representation, concerns about its environmental safety were recently raised, with a lot of divergence between studies on its non-target toxicity. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the risks of this herbicide to non-target plants, including cover crop species, which have a crucial role in maintaining agroecosystems functions and in preventing soil erosion. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of a cover plant species (Medicago sativa L.) exposed to increasing concentrations of a GLY-based herbicide (GBH), particularly focusing on the oxidative metabolism. The growth of roots and shoots was affected, being this effect accompanied by a rise of lipid peroxidation, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress, and by an activation of the antioxidant (AOX) system. Indeed, the results showed that adverse effects are visible at active ingredient concentrations of 8.0 mg kg−1, with the lowest EC50 being 12 mg kg−1, showing that GBH-contaminated soils may pose a risk to the survival of non-target plants in the most contaminated areas. Overall, these findings proved that GBH greatly impairs the growth of a non-target plant, strengthening the need of additional studies to unravel the real risks associated with the over usage of this pesticide, since there is an evident lack of studies performed with contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Microbial Load and Heavy Metal Content of Two Polyherbal Antimalarial Products on the Ghanaian Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bernard K. Turkson ◽  
Merlin L. K. Mensah ◽  
George H. Sam ◽  
Abraham Y. Mensah ◽  
Isaac K. Amponsah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Acceptable Limit

The use of herbal products has increased and become more popularized globally; however, limited studies coupled with questions related to the quality and safety of these herbal products have been raised. Herbal products with hope of their nontoxicity may play a role of alternative to overcome the problems of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Medicinal plants used as raw materials for production may have quality and safety issues due to proximity to wastewater application of fungicides and pesticides, which may be directly deposited superficially or absorbed by the plant system. Therefore, possible contamination of some Ghanaian herbal products cannot be ignored, as it may severely affect human life in the process of treatment. Aim. To evaluate the microbial load and the presence of toxic heavy metals in Mist Amen Fevermix and Edhec Malacure, two polyherbal products used in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ghana. Methods. Thermo Elemental M5 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) fitted with graphite furnace and an auto sampler was used to determine the heavy metal contents of the herbal products. The herbal samples were evaluated for the microbial load by using the appropriate culture media. Results and Analysis. Mist Amen Fevermix and Edhec Malacure complied with the safety limits evaluated for all different microbial counts and contamination. The following heavy metals were present in Mist Amen Fevermix and Edhec Malacure Mixture: Fe, Ni, K, Zn, Hg, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu, K, and Na. Ni was below detectable limit in Edhec Malacure. Conclusion. Mist Amen Fevermix and Edhec Malacure may be assured of safety. The products contained heavy metals, but all were within acceptable limit established by the FAO/WHO. The levels of microbial contamination were below the maximum acceptable limit.

scholarly journals Survey study for transfer of cadmium and chromium in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), grown on contaminated soils

1970 ◽  
pp. 06-10
Author(s):  
Fahad Iftikhar Virk ◽  
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Sadia Bibi ◽  
Muhammad Waqas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Plant Grown

This study was conducted to evaluate the contamination and accumulation of heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) in soil and plant grown in contaminated soil. Orchard and relative non-orchard fields were chosen to carry out this study. For total and available metals, soil samples were collected equally from 24 different points of orchard and non-orchard field and were extracted with Mehlich-3 extracting solutions and aqua-regia. Wheat crops from orchard and non-orchard fields were analysed and collected with aqua regia for heavy metal contents. Irrigation water samples were also collected from fresh water irrigation canal (Lower Chenab) for analysis. Results indicated that average metal concentrations in soils of both orchard and non-orchard fields were Cadmium (Cd) 2.36 and 2.49 mg kg-1 and Chromium (Cr) 58.15 and 53.51 mg kg-1 respectively. Contribution of risk from Cd and Cr were significant in wheat (seeds) of orchard. In orchard field, the risk contribution from Cd and Cr were significant in crops seeds. The considerable load of toxic metals in fields revealed the anthropogenic source of pollution. Therefore, it is emphasize that the need of heavy metals monitoring in crops and soils is necessary.

Synergistic Effect of Rhamnolipid and Saponin Biosurfactants on Removal of Heavy Metals from Oil Contaminated Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Dolatzadeh khiyavi ◽  
Reza Hajimohammadi ◽  
Hossein Amani ◽  
Hadi Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Annam ◽  
Anshu Singla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) induced gene silencing in alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian C. Verdonk ◽  
Michael L. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mirna Precursor ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Gene silencing is a powerful technique that allows the study of the function of specific genes by selectively reducing their transcription. Several different approaches can be used, however they all have in common the artificial generation of single stranded small ribonucleic acids (RNAs) that are utilized by the endogenous gene silencing machinery of the organism. Artificial microRNAs (amiRNA) can be used to very specifically target genes for silencing because only a short sequence of 21 nucleotides of the gene of interest is used. Gene silencing via amiRNA has been developed for Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and rice using endogenous microRNA (miRNA) precursors and has been shown to also work effectively in other dicot species using the arabidopsis miRNA precursor. Here, we demonstrate that the arabidopsis miR319 precursor can be used to silence genes in the important forage crop species alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by silencing the expression of a transgenic beta-glucuronidase (GUSPlus) target gene.

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