scholarly journals Effects of pre-preceding leguminous crops on yield and chemical composition of winter wheat grain

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pszczółkowska ◽  
Adam Okorski ◽  
Jacek Olszewski ◽  
Gabriel Fordoński ◽  
Sławomir Krzebietke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Zinc Levels

The after-effects of pre-preceding crops (second year), i.e. legumes and spring wheat, and nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha) on the yield and chemical composition of winter wheat grain were analysed in a field experiment conducted in 2013–2015. Winter wheat was characterized by higher yield when sown after blue lupine (increase of 0.23 t/ha) and faba beans with a determinate growth habit (increase of 0.37 t/ha) than after spring wheat. Grain yield increased significantly with a rise in nitrogen fertilization rate (by 2.03, 3.47 and 4.02 t/ha, respectively). The species of pre-preceding crops had no significant effect on the phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium content of winter wheat grain. Winter wheat grown after faba beans with an indeterminate growth habit was most abundant in nitrogen. The applied nitrogen fertilizer rates did not modify the concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium and calcium in winter wheat grain. The nitrogen content of grain increased significantly with a rise in nitrogen fertilization rates. A significant increase in manganese and zinc levels was observed when spring wheat was the pre-preceding crop and the iron content of grain increased significantly when winter wheat was grown after peas and blue lupine.

An experiment begun in 1958 measuring effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and N, P and K contents of grass:2. Residual effects on arable crops, 1968–76

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Penny ◽  
F. V. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Soil P ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
K Depletion

SUMMARYAn experiment at Rothamsted during 1958–67 measured effects on yield, on K uptake and on soil K of applying all combinations of 38, 75 and 113 kg N and 0, 31 and 62 kg K/ha per cut to grass leys, which were cut and removed. Soil K was depleted most where most N and least K were given. Annual applications of 0, 33 and 66 kg P/ha were also tested; soil P was not depleted. The grass was then ploughed.In 1968, residual effects were measured by spring wheat. In 1969 and in 1970 104 kg/ha of fresh K was applied on half of each plot; potatoes (1969) and spring wheat (1970) valued residual and fresh effects of K.In 1971 potatoes tested 0, 104 and 208 kg/ha of fresh K, cumulatively with the three amounts given to the grass and also extra K (104 kg/ha) on half-plots, cumulatively with that given in 1969 and 1970. In 1972 winter wheat, and in 1974 and 1975 spring barley, measured residues of all treatments previously applied (the site was fallowed in 1973).Finally, in 1976, potatoes tested 0, 156 and 312 kg/ha of fresh K on whole plots, cumulatively with the previous dressings of K, and also 156 kg/ha of extra K on half-plots, again cumulatively. All these test crops were given basal N.Yields and K contents of wheat at ear emergence and yields of wheat grain were largest after grass given 38 kg N and 62 kg K/ha per cut, because here soil K depletion was least. Wheat grain yields benefited consistently from fresh K. K content of the wheat at ear emergence was a good indicator of the need for K, but K content of grain was not, because it was unaltered by K fertilizer. Barley was a poor test crop for K, because yields of grain were little affected by previous treatments.Percentage K in potato leaves (in July in 1969 and 1971, in August in 1976) and yield of tubers were well correlated. Largest yields in 1969, 1971 and 1976 came where the leaves contained 3·43, 3·76 and 2·82% K, respectively, i.e. from soil containing most exchangeable K, plus most fresh K. There was no indication that maximum yields had been obtained, so the largest amounts (kg/ha) of fresh K tested (104 in 1969, 312 in 1971 and 468 in 1976) were insufficient to counteract depletion of soil K by the grass. Because the grass did not deplete soil P, the test crops benefited only little from either residual or fresh P.

scholarly journals VARIETAL COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF FUSARIUM PRESENCE ON WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE TAMBOV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
G. N. Buchneva ◽  
I. V. Gusev ◽  
O. I. Korabelskaya ◽  
N. N. Dubrovskaya ◽  
V. V. Chekmarev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Wheat Seeds

In the climatic conditions of the Central Black-earth region, the infection of wheat grain with Fusarium fungi is of latent nature and can only be detected by mycological analysis. For this reason, the varietal composition of the pathogenic complex of fungi Fusarium on winter and spring wheat has not been thoroughly studied yet. Working with the problem in the conditions of the Tambov region, it was found that the grain of these varieties was infected with various species of Fusarium. The most infected spring wheat varieties were “Nik” (69%), “Biora” (45%) and “Prokhorovka” (30%). The varieties “Saratovskaya 29” (4%) and “Tulaikovskaya 100” (5%) were less infected than the other. Nine species of fungus Fusarium spp. found on spring wheat seeds were F. acuminatum Ellis, an Everhart (1895), a Wollenweber (1917), F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. culmorum (WG Smith) Saccardo  (1895), F. equiseti (Corda) Saccardo (1886), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913), F. sambucinum Fuckel (1869), F. semitectum Berkeley and Ravenel in Berkeley (1875), F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915) and F. tricinctum (Corda) Saccardo (1886). The leading position was occupied by the species Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. avenaceum. The frequency of their occurrence on spring wheat seeds was 56.6 and 20.9%, respectively. The contamination of winter wheat with a Fusarium fungus was lower than the infection of spring wheat (1–8%). Four species of Fusarium spp. were identified on the seeds of winter wheat, they are F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. graminearum Schwabe (1838), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913) and F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915). The dominant position belonged to the species Fusarium poae and F. sporotrichioides (41.7 and 37.5%). It has been shown that the level of infection of wheat seeds by Fusarium fungi depends on the variety resistance to the infection.

scholarly journals Effect of manganese and nitrogen fertilization on the content of some essential micronutrients and composition of fatty acids in winter wheat grain

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-627
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Stepien ◽  
Katarzyna Wojtkowiak ◽  
Renata Pietrzak-Fiecko ◽  
Marta Zalewska ◽  
Malgorzata Grzywinska-Rapca
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Grain

scholarly journals Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Czaban ◽  
B. Wróblewska ◽  
A. Sułek ◽  
G. Podolska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Crop Management Systems ◽  
Rainfall Level

Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two cropping systems (intensive and integrated) on infection level of winter and spring wheat kernels by Fusarium species. Field experiments were conducted with winter wheat ‘Tonacja’ and spring wheat ‘Bombona’ during two consecutive growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009 - winter wheat, and 2008 and 2009 - spring wheat). A rainfall level in 2009 from the last decade of May to the first decade of July was 2.5-times higher than that in 2008. After the harvest, kernels were surface disinfected with 1.5% NaOCl solution for 2 min and then analysed for the infection level by different species of Fusarium. Fusaria were isolated on CZID medium and identified on the basis of macro - and micro-morphology on three media (PDA, SNA and a medium containing tannin). Our results demonstrate that the wheat grain infection by Fusarium depended mainly on a rainfall level. The intensive cropping system was more conducive to the grain infection by fusaria in comparison to the integrated one. The most frequent species were F. avenaceum in 2008, and F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. poae in 2009.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root distribution of winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No, 7) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Svoboda ◽  
J. Haberle
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
N Treatment

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root length (RL) distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. The study was conducted in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozemic soil in the years 1996–2003. Two (N0, N1) and three (N0, N1, N2) treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg N/ha (N2) were studied in 1996–2000 and 2001–2003, respectively. Nitrogen rate 100 kg/ha had no effect on RL in soil layers (P > 0.1) in years 1996–2000 and 2002–2003 and there was not significant interaction between N treatment and soil layer except for year 1998 (P < 0.01). Nitrogen fertilization affected RL distribution significantly (P = 0.013) only in 2001 due to reduction of root growth in subsoil layers in treatment N2 (200 kg N/ha) in comparison with N0 and N1. The effect of N fertilization on total RL in rooted soil volume was insignificant. There was a significant effect of year on total RL (P < 0.01) but not of interaction of year and N treatment. Roots reached, with the exception of two years, the depth between 100 and 130 cm. Nitrogen fertilization (N1) had no effect (P = 0.59) on rooting depth (RD) in years 1996–2000 but there was a significant effect of interaction between year and N fertilization on RD (P < 0.01). In the second experimental series (2001–2003) N fertilization rate 200 kg N/ha significantly reduced maximum RD (P < 0.01) in comparison with N0 and N1. The year had highly significant effect on RD.

Winter wheat grain yield associated with precipitation distribution under long-term nitrogen fertilization in the semiarid Loess Plateau in China

Geoderma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 189-190 ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Guo ◽  
Hanhua Zhu ◽  
Tinghui Dang ◽  
Jinshui Wu ◽  
Wenzhao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Precipitation Distribution

scholarly journals Relationship Between Visual Estimates of Fusarium Head Blight Intensity and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Harvested Wheat Grain: A Meta-Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
P. E. Lipps ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Type

The association between Fusarium head blight (FHB) intensity and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in harvested grain is not fully understood. A quantitative review of research findings was performed to determine if there was a consistent and significant relationship between measures of Fusarium head blight intensity and DON in harvested wheat grain. Results from published and unpublished studies reporting correlations between DON and Fusarium head blight “index” (IND; field or plot-level disease severity), incidence (INC), diseased-head severity (DHS), and Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) were analyzed using meta-analysis to determine the overall magnitude, significance, and precision of these associations. A total of 163 studies was analyzed, with estimated correlation coefficients (r) between -0.58 and 0.99. More than 65% of all r values were >0.50, whereas less that 7% were <0. The overall mean correlation coefficients for all relationships between DON and disease intensity were significantly different from zero (P < 0.001). Based on the analysis of Fisher-transformed r values ( zr values), FDK had the strongest relationship with DON, with a mean r of 0.73, followed by IND (r = 0.62), DHS (r = 0.53), and INC (r = 0.52). The mean difference between pairs of transformed zr values (zd ) was significantly different from zero for all pairwise comparisons, except the comparison between INC and DHS. Transformed correlations were significantly affected by wheat type (spring versus winter wheat), study type (fungicide versus genotype trials), and study location (U.S. spring- and winter-wheat-growing regions, and other wheat-growing regions). The strongest correlations were observed in studies with spring wheat cultivars, in fungicide trials, and in studies conducted in U.S. spring-wheat-growing regions. There were minor effects of magnitude of disease intensity (and indirectly, environment) on the transformed correlations.

scholarly journals Introducing cover crops as fallow replacement in the Northern Great Plains: II. Impact on following wheat crops

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maryse Bourgault ◽  
Samuel A. Wyffels ◽  
Julia M. Dafoe ◽  
Peggy F. Lamb ◽  
Darrin L. Boss
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Yields

Abstract The introduction of cover crops as fallow replacement in the traditional cereal-based cropping system of the Northern Great Plains has the potential to decrease soil erosion, increase water infiltration, reduce weed pressure and improve soil health. However, there are concerns this might come at the cost of reduced production in the subsequent wheat crop due to soil water use by the cover crops. To determine this risk, a phased 2-year rotation of 15 different cover crop mixtures and winter wheat/spring wheat was established at the Northern Agricultural Research Center near Havre, MT from 2012 to 2020, or four rotation cycles. Controls included fallow–wheat and barley–wheat sequences. Cover crops and barley were terminated early July by haying, grazing or herbicide application. Yields were significantly decreased in wheat following cover crops in 3 out of 8 years, up to maximum of 1.4 t ha−1 (or 60%) for winter wheat following cool-season cover crop mixtures. However, cover crops also unexpectedly increased following wheat yields in 2018, possibly due in part to residual fertilizer. Within cool-, mid- and warm-season cover crop groups, individual mixtures did not show significant differences impact on following grain yields. Similarly, cover crop termination methods had no impact on spring or winter wheat grain yields in any of the 8 years considered. Wheat grain protein concentration was not affected by cover crop mixtures or termination treatments but was decreased in winter wheat following barley. Differences in soil water content across cover crop groups were only evident at the beginning of the third cycle in one field, but important reductions were observed below 15 cm in the last rotation cycle. In-season rainfall explained 43 and 13% of the variability in winter and spring wheat yields, respectively, compared to 2 and 1% for the previous year cover crop biomass. Further economic analyses are required to determine if the integration of livestock is necessary to mitigate the risks associated with the introduction of cover crops in replacement of fallow in the Northern Great Plains.

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