scholarly journals Role of cytokinins in growth correlations between roots and stems in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fišerová ◽  
J. Šebánek ◽  
J. Hradilík ◽  
P. Doležel ◽  
H. Vítková
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Growth Correlations

Pea seeds were swollen in solutions with different concentrations of cytokinin benzyladenine (BA). As compared with controls, a low concentration of BA (0.05 mg/l) did not affect the growth of stems and roots of twelve-day-old seedlings but concentrations of 0.20–4.00 mg/l showed an inhibiting effect; this inhibition was proportional to the concentration of BA. In controls the ratio between the lengths of stems and roots was equal to 1.14, while in seedlings influenced by BA in concentration of 0.20 mg/l its value was significantly lowered to 0.91. Also in six-day-old pea seedlings cultivated under in vitro conditions, BA concentrations of 0.70 and 3.30 mg/l inhibited the growth of roots and epicotyls and significantly increased the production of ethylene (by 150 and 330%, respectively). Three hours after the amputation of the root of five-day-old pea seedlings the level of cytokinin trans-zeatin increased in the apical part of the stem. Within the interval of 48 hours after the amputation of the root the concentration of this plant hormone gradually decreased again. The initial increase in the zeatin level in the stem indicates that the absence of the root induces a reduction of growth-inhibiting effects of roots, which negatively influences the zeatin level in the stem apex at the beginning of germination.

The Effect of Germination on Antioxidant and Nutritional Parameters of Protein Isolates from Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus) Seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Starzyńska-Janiszewska ◽  
B. Stodolak ◽  
B. Mickowska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Protein Isolates ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Potential Food

The aim of this research was to study the antioxidant and nutritional (selected objects) properties of protein isolates obtained from grass pea seedlings as compared with soaked and raw seeds. Two percent extract of isolate from 5-day-old seedlings showed the highest total antioxidant activity (25%) and the ability to chelate Fe 2+ (2.35 mg/g d.m.) as compared with other isolates. Protein isolates from grass pea seeds had on average 89% total protein, 87% in vitro protein bioavailability, about 5574 TIU/g (d.m.) (trypsin inhibitors activity) and did not contain ODAP. Germination of seeds for 5 days considerably improved the in vitro bioavailability of isolates, by 12%, and profile of sulfur amino acids by 42%, in comparison with isolates obtained from the raw seeds. Isolates from 5-day-old grass pea seedlings had the best antioxidant properties and improved nutritional parameters (as compared with raw seeds), which makes them worthy of being considered as a potential food additive.

scholarly journals The effect of quercetine on leaf abscission of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.), growth of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.), and ethylene production

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fišerová ◽  
J. Šebánek ◽  
J. Hradilík ◽  
S. Procházka
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pea Seedlings

This study compares effects of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and flavonoid quercetine (Q). In spite of the fact that both these compounds are inhibitors of the polar transport of auxin, a number of experiments demonstrated that their properties are different. If the flax seedlings were decapitated and one cotyledon was removed, the axillary bud of the remaining cotyledon grew up more intensively while TIBA (0.5% applied in the form of a lanolin paste on the remaining cotyledon) induced a correlative reversal so that axillars of removed cotyledons grew up more intensively. However, when Q (0.5%) was applied on the remaining cotyledon in the form of a lanolin paste, this inhibition was not significant. In the lamina-deprived petioles of apple trees TIBA accelerated abscission while Q caused an inhibiting effect similar to that of auxin. TIBA applied on epicotyls of pea seedlings inhibited their growth by 35% while Q only by 15%. As far as the release of ethylene by pea seedlings is concerned, both compounds showed promoting effects similar to the effect of auxin.

The influential role of polyamines on the in vitro regeneration of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and genetic fidelity assessment by SCoT and RAPD markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekaran Ajithan ◽  
Venkatachalam Vasudevan ◽  
Dorairaj Sathish ◽  
Selvam Sathish ◽  
Veda Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Genetic Fidelity ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Fidelity Assessment

scholarly journals Role of gelsolin interaction with actin in regulation and creation of actin nuclei in chemotactic peptide activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 1427-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Deaton ◽  
T Guerrero ◽  
T H Howard
Keyword(s):  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Actin Assembly ◽  
Chemotactic Peptide ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Formyl Peptide ◽  
Complex Increase

In vitro Ca++ activates gelsolin to sever F-actin and form a gelsolin-actin (GA) complex at the+end of F-actin that is not dissociated by ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) but is separated by EGTA+PIP/PIP2. The gelsolin blocks the+end on the actin filament, but the-end of the filament can still initiate actin polymerization. In thrombin activated platelets, evidence suggests that severing of F-actin by gelsolin increases GA complex, creates one-end actin nucleus and one cryptic+end actin nucleus per cut, and then dissociates to yield free+ends to nucleate rapid actin assembly. We examined the role of F-actin severing in creation and regulation of nuclei and polymerization in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). At 2-s intervals after formyl peptide (FMLP) activation of endotoxin free (ETF) PMNs, change in GA complex was correlated with change in+end actin nuclei,-end actin nuclei, and F-actin content. GA complex was quantitated by electrophoretograms of proteins absorbed by antigelsolin from cells lysed in 10 mM EGTA,+end actin nuclei as cytochalasin (CD) sensitive and-end actin nuclei as CD insensitive increases in G-pyrenyl actin polymerization rates induced by the same PMNs, and F-actin content by NBDphallacidin binding to fixed cells. Thirty three percent of gelsolin was in GA complex in basal ETF PMNs; from 2-6 s, GA complexes dissociate (low = 15% at 10 s) and sequentially+end nuclei and F-actin content and then-end nuclei increase to a maximum at 10 s. At > s GA complex increase toward basal and + end nuclei and F-actin content returned toward basal. These kinetic data show gelsolin regulates availability of + end nuclei and actin polymerization in FMLP. However, absence of an initial increase in GA complex or - end nucleating activity shows FMLP activation does not cause gelsolin to sever F- or to bind G-actin to create cryptic + end nuclei in PMNs; the results suggest the + nucleus formation is gelsolin independent.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Cadmium Toxicity in Pisum sativum L. Seedlings by Calcium Chloride

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI ◽  
Heba I. MOHAMED
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Cadmium Acetate ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids

The present investigation was carried out to study the role of calcium chloride in enhancing tolerance and reducing cadmium toxicity in pea seedlings. Some treatment with 1 and 5 mM CaCl2 mitigated cadmium stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities: catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), as well as by elevating contents of ascorbic acid (ASA), tocopherol and carotenoids. On the other hand, total carbohydrate and total soluble proteins decreased with increasing cadmium concentrations in comparison with control plants. However, total phenol, total free amino acids, proline and lipid peroxidation increased with increasing concentrations of cadmium acetate. Electrophoretic studies of protein revealed that cadmium treatments alone or in combination with calcium chloride were associated with the disappearance of some bands or appearance of new bands in pea seedlings. Electrophoretic studies of α-esterase, β-esterase and acid phosphatase isozymes showed wide variations in their intensities and densities.

scholarly journals 2,3-Oxidosqualene cyclase and cycloartenol-s-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase activities in vivo in the cotyledon and axis tissues of germinating pea seeds

1975 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Y Fang ◽  
D J Baisted
Keyword(s):  
Cyclase Activity ◽  
Sterol Synthesis ◽  
Active System ◽  
Oxidosqualene Cyclase ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Pea Seedling

Axis tissues, root and shoot, of germinating pea seedlings actively synthesize sterol from [2-14C]mevalonate during the first 3 days of germination. In addition to the intermediates of sterol synthesis, cycloartenol and 24-methylenecycloartanol, these tissues also form the triterpene β-amyrin. The cyclase catalysing the formation of cycloartenol from oxidosqualene is about four times as active as that for β-amyrin synthesis. 2. Sterol synthesis in the cotyledon is negligible, but cycloartenol and 24-methylenecycloartanol, as well as β-amyrin, are synthesized there. Oxidosqualene cyclase activity in this tissue is 2.6 times as active for β-amyrin synthesis as for cycloartenol synthesis. 3. Comparison of the relative amounts of 14C in cycloartenol and 24-methylenecycloartanol in the axis tissues and cotyledons of 3-day-old seedlings point to relatively active cycloartenol-S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase systems in both axis tissues and a poorly active system in the cotyledon. 4. The role of β-amyrin synthesis in the germinating pea seedling is discussed.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

An integrated screening method for evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates: Role of microscopic techniques in assessing pulmonary macrophage clearance functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
David B. Warheit ◽  
Lena Achinko ◽  
Mark A. Hartsky
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
Integrated Screening

There is a great need for the development of a rapid and reliable bioassay to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particles. A number of methods have been proposed, including lung clearance studies, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. These methods are often limited in scope inasmuch as they measure only one dimension of the pulmonary response to inhaled, instilled or incubated dusts. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach to lung toxicity studies has been developed.To validate the method, rats were exposed for 6 hours or 3 days to various concentrations of either aerosolized alpha quartz silica (Si) or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Cells and fluids from groups of sham and dust-exposed animals were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Alkaline phosphatase, LDH and protein values were measured in BAL fluids at several time points postexposure. Cells were counted and evaluated for viability, as well as differential and cytochemical analysis. In addition, pulmonary macrophages (PM) were cultured and studied for morphology, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis by scanning electron microscopy.

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