scholarly journals Microbiological parameters of soil set aside before and after desiccation

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
M. Nováková ◽  
K. Voříšek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Actual Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Underground Biomass ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Positive Effect

Herbaceous cover of luvic chernozem (seven years set aside) with legumes, perennial grasses and their mixture was desiccated by the glyphosate herbicide Roundup Biaktiv (5 l/ha at July 2003 and 4 l/ha at June 2004). 165 soil samples were collected before (November 2002&ndash;July 2003) and after desiccation (September 2003&ndash;August 2004). Desiccation had a strong positive effect on immobilization of organic carbon from herbaceous cover and underground biomass to microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and to soil organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), respectively. A significant increase after desiccation (p &lt; 0.01) was confirmed in the parameters: C<sub>org</sub>, MBC and in the ratio MBC/C<sub>org</sub>. At the same time the desiccation had a retardation effect on mineralization of C<sub>org</sub>, N<sub>org</sub> and S<sub>org</sub>. A significant decrease after desiccation (p &lt; 0.01) was confirmed in the basal and potential respiration (with nitrogen, with nitrogen and glucose), actual content of N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> without and with pre-incubation, control ammonification, and (p &lt; 0.05) in arylsulphatase activity. The actual content of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup> and the control nitrification increased significantly (p &lt; 0.01) after desiccation. Plots management before desiccation included black and spontaneous fallow, mulching (one or two per year) and cutting (three times per year), plots with 4 legumes, 4 grasses and their mixtures. Mulching variants showed the best results both before and after desiccation. The soils with cutting treatment ranked 8<sup>th</sup>&ndash;10<sup>th</sup> out of 11&nbsp;studied combinations.

scholarly journals Influence of organic and mineral fertilisation on organic matter fractions of a Brazilian Acrisol under maize/common bean intercrop

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. C. Leite ◽  
E. S. Mendonça ◽  
P. L. O. A. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organic Compost

In 1984, a field experiment was initiated in Coimbra, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, involving the combination of 3 levels of mineral fertilisers at control (0); 10 kg N/ha, 15 kg P/ha, and 17 kg K/ha (MF1); 20 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha, and 34 kg K/ha (MF2); and 2 levels of organic compost at control (0) and 40 m3/ha (OC) in a maize/common bean intercrop. Soil samples were collected (0–0.10 and 0.10–0.20 m) in 2000 to evaluate the impact of mineral and organic compost on total carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) stocks and on organic carbon pools of a Ferric Acrisol (Chromosol in the Australian Soil Classification). Additional soil samples were collected from an adjacent site covered by secondary Atlantic Forest as a reference. The conversion of forest to agriculture caused a reduction in most of TOC, TN, and microbial biomass carbon, free-light fraction carbon (CLF), and non-labile carbon. The carbon pools in cultivated plot were enhanced by the addition of compost alone. At both depths, TOC and TN stocks were higher (P < 0.05) in the MF2 + OC than MF2 treatment. Compared to soils that have received mineral fertiliser alone or combined with compost, the stocks of labile organic carbon, TN, and CLF were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by the sole application of compost.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Spent Engine Oil on Selected Contaminated Soils within Ilorin Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Adeyinka AJIBOYE ◽  
Hikmat Omolara SULAYMAN ◽  
Abdullahi Taiwo AJAO
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Spent Engine Oil ◽  
Before And After

The research aimed to investigate the bioremediation of spent engine oil on selected contaminated soils within Ilorin metropolis. To achieve this, soil samples were collected from three (3) mechanic workshops along Taiwo axis within the metropolis. The soil samples were then subjected to bioremediation using the land-farming approach. The physicochemical parameters of the soil samples before and after bioremediation were analyzed using standard methods. Bacteria were isolated using standard procedures and identified using biochemical tests and molecular methods. Results for the physicochemical parameters of the soil samples before bioremediation include particle size (all sandy in nature); pH (6.00 ± 0.14 - 6.20 ± 0.14); Organic carbon (14.65 ± 3.20 - 17.54 ± 1.87), Organic matter (33.50 ± 0.85 - 43.45 ± 9.12) and heavy metals (ND - 11.74 ± 0.07). Values after bioremediation for pH, organic carbon, organic matter and heavy metals were 8.25 ± 0.07 - 8.90 ± 0.14, 13.07 ± 0.05 - 13.25 ± 0.84, 37.25 ± 1.06 - 44.80 ± 1.13, ND - 9.40 ± 0.04 respectively. Values for bacterial count before and after bioremediation of the soil samples were 8.00  1.41 - 67.50 ± 2.12 x 105 CFU/mL and 6.50 ± 2.12 - 164.00 ± 11.31 x 105 CFU/mL respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Bacillus sp. while the hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria were identified as Thalassospira mesophila strain JCM 18969; Pseudomonas fluorescens F113; Siccibacter turicensis LMG 23730; Pseudomonas Zeshuii strain KACC 15471; Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CGMCC 1.1803 and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus strain ATCC 49840. In conclusion, the bacteria isolates effectively bioremediated the spent engine oil contaminated soils with a reduction of hydrocarbon pollutants.

Dynamics of selected chemical and microbiological properties changes in soils after application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate – incubation studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Woźnica ◽  
Michał Gąsiorek ◽  
Justyna Sokołowska ◽  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Tomasz Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Biomass Carbon

&lt;p&gt;Soil acidification is a serious problem on a global scale, about 30% of land surface is occupied by acidic soils (pH&amp;#8804; 5.5). Recent research indicates, that more than 50% of arable soils in Poland have too low pH. Acid soils are characterised the ability to mobilize toxic metals and increased plant uptake as well as decreased microbial activity in the soil. Progressive acidification leads to degradation of soils and caused that they are marginal for agricultural production. Soil acidification is a naturally occurring process, but only when natural factors are supported by intensive human activity, especially by nitrogen fertilisers application, intensive degradation is observed. Traditionally method to increase soil pH is the application of lime materials e.g. calcite, burnt lime or dolomite. The liming efficiency depends on lime material type (primarily chemical form of calcium compounds), the neutralising value, lime application method, soil properties and the particle size distribution of lime. The aim of this research was to determine the rate of action and influence of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate on selected chemical and microbiological soil properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The incubation studies were conducted on the three soils (G1, G2 &amp;#8211; silt loam and G3 &amp;#8211; sandy loam). Soil samples were taken from the 0-20 cm layer. Soil properties were measured after 7, 14, 30, 60 and 120 days of incubation. The liming factor was ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate with particle size distribution &lt; 0.08 mm. The application dose was calculated for 0.5 soil hydrolytic acidity. In the soil samples pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl&lt;/sub&gt;, buffer capacity, microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon content were measured.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Application of lime caused an increase of pH value in all studied soils. The highest increase of the pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl &lt;/sub&gt;was noted between 0 to 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; day of incubation. Afterward, the pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl &lt;/sub&gt;decreased slowly for the soil G1 and G2. However, in the soil G3 significantly decreased just after 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; to 14&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;/sup&gt;day, and afterward, the pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl&lt;/sub&gt; decreased slowly to the end of the incubation period. As a result of liming long-term changes in soil buffer capacity were not noted. The studied soils were characterised by the higher buffer capacity in alkaline than in acidic range. The microbial biomass carbon content was varied during the incubation in all studied soils. The dissolved organic carbon content increased during the incubation, starting from the 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; to the 120&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; day of incubation for G2 and G3 soils and from 14&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;/sup&gt;to last day of incubation for G1 soil. Application of lime caused an increase of the dissolved organic carbon content in all studied soils. These studies show that application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate is an effective and fast way to improve soil properties.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Spectroscopic Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Afforestation Forest Soil of Miyun District, Beijing

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Jie Gao ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Zong-Hai Shi ◽  
Jun Zhong ◽  
Jian-Guo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Spectroscopic Characteristics ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Aliphatic Chains

In this study, soil samples collected from different plain afforestation time (1 year, 4 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 20 years) in Miyun were characterized, including total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available K (K+), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The DOM in the soil samples with different afforestation time was further characterized via DOC, UV-Visible spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, and1H NMR spectroscopy. The results suggested that the texture of soil sample was sandy. The extracted DOM from soil consisted mainly of aliphatic chains and only a minor aromatic component. It can be included that afforestation can improve the soil quality to some extent, which can be partly reflected from the indexes like TOC, TN, TP, K+, MBC, and DOC. And the characterization of DOM implied that UV humic-like substances were the major fluorophores components in the DOM of the soil samples, which consisted of aliphatic chains and aromatic components with carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups.

scholarly journals Effects of bio-organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon components and biomass of shamrock

2021 ◽  
pp. 911-916
Author(s):  
Tingting Meng ◽  
Jinbao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Bioorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Active Organic Carbon ◽  
Underground Biomass

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer to organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easy oxidation of organic carbon (ROC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and Shamrock biomass were studied. The results showed that the contents of SOC, DOC, ROC, MBC could be significantly increased by bioorganic fertilizer. When cultured for 180d, SOC and DOC increased by 42~154 and 9~40%, respectively, compared with T0 treatment. ROC and MBC content increased by 38~173 and 4~9%, respectively. In addition, with the increase of the application of bio-organic fertilizer, the SOC and DOC contents increased. In T4 treatment, the SOC and DOC contents were the highest, which were 25.05 g/kg and 74.89 mg/kg, respectively. In T3 treatment, the ROC and MBC contents were the highest, 9.84 g/kg and 167.09 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the initial incubation period, SOC decreased by 6~17%, DOC increased by 3~13%, ROC and MBC increased by 15~64, 3~25%, respectively. The application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the aboveground and underground biomass and the highest value were in the T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. The application of biological organic fertilizer increased the content of active organic carbon components. Results of the present study provide evidence for the application of biological organic fertilizer in the agricultural area of China. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 911-916, 2021 (September) Special

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM USAHA AGRIBISNIS PERDESAAN (PUAP) SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP TINGKAT PENDAPATAN PETANI (STUDI KASUS PADA GABUNGAN KELOMPOK TANI TELUK JAYA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudi Triyanto
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
F Test ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Farmer Income ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Group Association

Study the effectivity analysis of Program Usaha Agribisnis Perdesaan (PUAP) and its impact on farmer income levels (case study of the Teluk Jaya Farmers Group Association) aims to 1. knowing how large the effectivity of PUAP funds is for income levels in poverty alleviation in Teluk Desa Sentosa Panai Hulu Subdistrict, 2. to analyze and determine the level of income of Gapoktan Teluk Jaya Farming Business in Teluk Sentosa, Panai Hulu Subdistrict before and after receiving PUAP assistance. The results showed that the effectivity of PUAP program funding is very effective and good, it can be seen from the results of the F test of 12.406 with a significant level of 0.000 while the F value of the table is 2.051. When compared to the value of F test (12.406) > Ftable (2.051) at α 5%, it was concluded that simultaneously the effectivity variable and the PUAP program had a positive effect. The increase in income of the Teluk Jaya Farmers Group in Teluk Sentosa after receiving PUAP funds can be known from the t table for the effectivity variable of 2.663 and the PUAP program for 1.270 with a significant value for each independent variable (2.051); (0.073). Whereas for the t table value in the distribution statistics t table with the level of test α = 5% and df1 = 27 of 2,051. Based on the criteria that if the value is t count> t table); namely (2.663> 2,051) (1,270> 2,051) so that it can be concluded that the effectivity variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the income level.Keywords : effectivity variable,  income level, PUAP program

Evaluation of Metal Contents in Correlation with Phytosanitary Treatments at Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
Oana Mihai ◽  
Octav Pantea ◽  
Daniela Roxana Popovici ◽  
Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Short Time

The present work aims with the evaluation of copper, manganese and zinc concentrations (mobile forms) from vineyard soil before and after phytosanitary treatment with Curzate Manox and Dithane M-45 compounds, during and after remanence period. Different vineyard soils types were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method was used for measurements of the micronutrients. The soil samples were analyzed after 5 and 21 days after treatment application. Since copper is mainly accumulates in the upper layer following fungicidal sprays application, high levels of copper concentrations are obtained. The soil samples exhibits different behavior in terms of manganese and zinc contents. Manganese and zinc levels are classified as medium in the beginning of the experiment (Mn-M0 and Zn-M0), whereas these levels increased in the soil samples (at moments M1- 5 days and M2- 21 days after treatment). This behavior can be due to the Mancozeb decomposition, knowing that Mancozeb decomposes in the pH range 5-9 and it remains short time into the soil.

Influence of Applied Phytosanitary Treatments and Climatic Crop Year on Zinc Content in Wines from Tohani Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2092-2097
Author(s):  
Catalina Calin ◽  
Gina Vasile Scaeteanu ◽  
Roxana Maria Madjar ◽  
Otilia Cangea
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Concentration Levels

Metallic ions present a great importance in oenological practice and usually are present in wines in levels that are not hazardous. Among all metallic ions, zinc presents a great interest because may cause the persistence of the wine sour taste and by the side of Al, Cu, Fe and Ni, contribute to the haze formation and the change of color. The present study was focused on measuring the concentration levels of mobile zinc from vineyard soil before and after phytosanitary treatments and zinc content from white (Feteasca Alba - FA, Riesling Italian - RI, Sauvignon Blanc - SB, Tamaioasa Rom�neasca - TR), rose (Busuioaca de Bohotin - BB) and red (Feteasca Neagra - FN) wines within the wine-growing Tohani area, Romania. Other objective was to investigate of the influence of crop year and variety on zinc levels found in wine samples. Mobile zinc content for all analyzed soil samples is low ([1.5 mg/kg). Analyses indicated that zinc content found in wines was below 5 mg/L, limit set by Organisation Internationale of Vine and Wine (OIV). Also, it was found that red wines contain zinc in higher concentrations than white ones.

scholarly journals Effects of different returning method combined with decomposer on decomposition of organic components of straw and soil fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xuexin Wang ◽  
Peng Geng ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Forms Of Carbon

AbstractIn view of the problems of low straw decomposition rates and reduced soil fertility in southern Liaoning, China, we investigated the effects of no-tillage mode (NT), deep loosening + deep rotary tillage mode (PT), rotary tillage mode (RT) and the addition of decomposing agent (the next is called a decomposer) (NT + S, PT + S, RT + S) on the decomposition proportion of straw, respectively, by using the nylon net bag method in combination with 365-day field plot experiments. The decomposition rules of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as well as the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in straw returned to the field for 15, 35, 55, 75, 95, 145 and 365 days were analyzed. The results showed that in the short term, the decomposition of straw was better in both the rotray tillage and deep loosening + deep rotary modes than in the no-tillage mode, and the addition of decomposer significantly promoted the decomposition of straw and the release of carbon from straw, among them, the RT + S treatment had the highest straw decomposition proportion and carbon release proportion in all sampling periods. After a one year experimental cycle, the RT + S treatment showed the highest proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposition with 35.49%, 84.23% and 85.50%, respectively, and soil SOC, MBC and DOC contents were also higher than the other treatments with an increase of 2.30 g kg−1, 14.22 mg kg−1 and 25.10 mg kg−1, respectively, compared to the pre-experimental soil. Our results show that in the short term, to accelerate the decomposition rate of returned straw and increase the content of various forms of carbon in soil, rotary tillage can be used to return the straw to the field, while also spraying straw decomposer on its surface. This experiment used a new straw decomposer rich in a variety of microorganisms, combined with the comparison of a variety of straw return modes, and in-depth study of straw decomposition effects of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thus, a scheme that can effectively improve the decomposition rate of straw and the content of various forms of organic carbon in soil within a short period of time was explored to provide theoretical support for the southern Liaoning.

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