scholarly journals Competition between triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) and field beans (Vicia faba var. minor L.) in additive intercrops

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sobkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Balance Index

In a microplot experiment conducted in 1999 and 2000 on light soil triticale and field beans were grown as sole crops and in the intercrop system. Two pure stand plant densities were established: 200 and 400 plants/m<sup>2</sup> for triticale and 50 and 100 plants/m<sup>2</sup> for field beans. Four possible intercropping combinations were obtained by adding densities of both crops. Triticale was a better competitor than field beans in all intercrops resulting in competitive balance index significantly greater than zero. The number of pods per plant of field beans was significantly reduced in all intercropping combinations compared to the pure stands, however quality of grain of the legume was unaffected by competition. Intercrop comprising 200 plants/m<sup>2</sup> of triticale and 50 plants/m<sup>2</sup> of field beans was most productive in the experiment but addition 50 more plants/m<sup>2</sup> of the legume decreased significantly grain yield of intercrop by 16.2%. The results also show that effective triticale-field beans intercrop for light soil may be designed as additive one, based on 400 plants/m<sup>2</sup> of triticale.

GRAIN YIELD COMPARISON OF PURE STANDS AND MIXTURES OF DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS FOR TWO HYBRIDS OF MAIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. HOEKSTRA ◽  
L. W. KANNENBERG ◽  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effects on grain yield of growing cultivars in mixtures of different proportions. Two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, Pride 116 and United 106, were grown for 2 yr in pure stand and in seven mixtures of different proportions (7:1, 6:2, 5:3, 4:4, 3:5, 2:6, 1:7) at plant densities of 61 500, 99 400, and 136 000 plants per hectare. The total number of mixture combinations was 42, i.e. 2 years × three densities × seven proportions. All but one mixture yielded as expected based on the yield of component hybrids in pure stand. The higher yielding hybrid (United 106) yielded significantly less grain per plant in mixtures than in pure stand. The lower yielding hybrid (Pride 116) yielded more in mixtures than in pure stand, although the difference was not significant. These data support previous observations that the ability of a hybrid to yield in pure stands is not necessarily related to its ability to yield in mixtures. High plant densities appear to enhance the likelihood of interactions occurring among hybrids. For United 106, the number of proportions yielding less grain per plant than in pure stand was highly significant at the two higher plant densities. For Pride 116, the number of proportions yielding more than in pure stand was highly significant at the highest plant density.Key words: Corn, grain yield, mixtures of different proportions, high plant densities, Zea mays

Effects of plant population density on spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba) with different growth habits

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Pilbeam ◽  
G. Duc ◽  
P. D. Hebblethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The University ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Field Beans

SUMMARYDeterminate varieties of Vicia faba are smaller and may require higher plant population densities than their conventional indeterminate counterparts to attain high yields. This hypothesis was examined at the University of Nottingham farm at Sutton Bonington, UK, and at INRA, Dijon, France in 1986 and 1987. The determinate varieties Ticol and TP667 and indeterminate M5.1 and Maris Bead were sown in the spring to give a range of densities of 10–100 plants/m2.Yields generally increased as population density increased. The optimum density for determinate varieties was higher than for indeterminate varieties. Indeterminate varieties yielded more than determinate varieties at all plant densities, perhaps because of their larger canopy. Seed yields were affected by year and location. Greater yields were associated with heavier seeds and more seeds per pod.Although several yield components, when expressed per unit area, were significantly correlated with seed yield, their coefficients of determination were never very large. This confirmed the plasticity of yield in field beans.

Effects of irrigation and benomyl treatment on chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) and yield of winter-sown field beans (Vicia faba)

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. L. Fitt ◽  
M. E. Finney ◽  
N. F. Creighton
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Botrytis Fabae ◽  
Chocolate Spot ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Bean Leaves

SUMMARYIn 1976–7, 1977–8 and 1978–9 plots of winter-sown field beans, either irrigated in June and July or unirrigated, were treated with one or more sprays of benomyl or were untreated. The amounts of chocolate spot on field bean leaves and flowers were increased by irrigation and decreased by benomyl in all seasons. These effects were greater in 1977 and 1978, when there was respectively 76·5 and 82·4 mm rainfall in June, than in 1979, when there was 30 mm rainfall in June and less chocolate spot developed. Leaves half-way up stems of plants in irrigated, unsprayed plots had 11% of their area affected in July 1977, 17% affected in July 1978, but only 4% affected in August 1979. By contrast, middle leaves of plants in unirrigated, sprayed plots had 3, 4 and 0·3% of their leaves affected in 1977, 1978 and 1979 respectively. Irrigation increased the number of pods per stem in 1977 and 1979 and decreased it in 1978; it decreased grain yield in 1977 and 1978, but increased yield in 1979. Benomyl treatments affected the number of pods little in any year; they increased yield in 1977 and and 1978, but not in 1979.

Effect of the proportion of Species on the Yield and Quality of Forage Mixtures, and on the Yield of Barley in the Following Year

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Osman ◽  
N. Nersoyan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Forage Mixtures

SUMMARYMixtures of legumes and cereals in various proportions (seed ratios) were evaluated in Northern Syria for forage production and quality and for yield of barley grain in the following year. Both a vetch-cereal and pea-cereal mix were tested in proportions of 0:100, 33:66, 50:50, 66:33 and 100:0. The study was carried out between 1982 and 1985, covering two seasons for forage production and two for grain production. Dry matter yields of the mixtures exceeded the yield of either one or both components of the mixture grown as pure stands, depending on the rainfall. The maximum overall yield and quality of forage was recorded for the 66:33 legume-cereal combination. The greatest benefit to subsequent barley grain yield was realized when the legume was grown in a pure stand or formed a high proportion (66:33) of the mixture. Herbage quality was better in forages containing vetch than in those containing pea.

Effects of inflorescence removal on seed yield performance of field beans (Vicia faba) under different shading treatments

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Aufhammer ◽  
I. Götz-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Field Beans

SUMMARYEffects of inflorescence removal under different plant densities and degrees of shading on seed yield of field beans (Vicia faba L.) were investigated. Two indeterminate cultivars were used in field experiments for two seasons (1985 and 1986). The hierarchy within the generative storage system of field bean plants was manipulated by removal of inflorescences at various growth stages and nodes.Removal of the inflorescences of nodes 1–3 (counted from the base upwards) caused about 30% loss of seed yield potential compared with the control but compensatory increases in seed yield were found, differing with plant density and duration of shading. Under favourable growing conditions (no shading, 20 plants/m2), overcompensation occurred, giving a mean seed yield up to 40% more than in controls.Removal of all inflorescences above the ninth flowering node did not significantly reduce seed yield as plants completely compensated for the restriction on yield imposed.

scholarly journals GRAIN YIELD COMPARISON OF PURE STANDS AND EQUAL PROPORTION MIXTURES FOR SEVEN HYBRIDS OF MAIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. HOEKSTRA ◽  
L. W. KANNENBERG ◽  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Yielding Ability ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

The objective of this study was to compare yielding ability and competitive effects in pure stands and equal-proportion mixtures of maize hybrids. Seven maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids were grown for 2 yr in pure stand and in all equal-proportion, two-component mixtures at plant densities of 61 500 and 136 000 plants per hectare. In 1978, a year of severe moisture stress, mixtures yielded 6% more grain on average than expected on the basis of pure stand yields. Half of the mixtures yielded more than the pure stand yield of the high-yielding component; however, one mixture yielded significantly less than predicted based on pure stand yields. In 1979, mixtures yielded as expected based on pure stand yields. The yield difference between 1978 and 1979 for mixtures was less than the difference between pure stands indicating that mixtures were, on average, more consistent in performance across environments than their components. The yield advantage of mixtures in 1978, however, was too low to recommend growing blends as a production practice. Relative yields of individual hybrids were different in pure stands compared to mixtures. Furthermore, the order of hybrids ranked according to their pure-stand yields differed from the order based on yielding ability in mixtures. In general, a direct relationship existed between yielding ability in mixtures and competititve influence. Hybrids with a high average yield across mixtures yielded more in mixtures with low-yielding hybrids than in mixtures with high-yielding hybrids. Conversely, low-yielding hybrids produced less grain when in mixtures with a high-yielding hybrid than in mixtures with a low-yielding hybrid. However, the one hybrid which was consistently the most competitive was not the highest yielding under stress conditions.Key words: Blends, corn, grain yield, hybrid mixtures, population stress, Zea mays

Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Yesmina ◽  
Moushumi Akhtarb ◽  
Belal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Vigour Index

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

Effect of Non-flooded Straw-mulching Cultivation on Grain Yield and Quality of Direct-seeding Rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1809-1818
Author(s):  
Zi-Chang ZHANG ◽  
Hong-Wei LI ◽  
Xue-Ming WANG ◽  
Li-Min YUAN ◽  
Zhi-Qin WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality
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