scholarly journals An assessment of the transmission rate of Tomato black ring virus through tomato seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Henryk Pospieszny ◽  
Natasza Borodynko-Filas ◽  
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska ◽  
Bartosz Czerwonka ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Wide Range

Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) infects a wide range of economically important plants, and is distributed worldwide. TBRV is transmitted by soil-inhabiting nematodes. However, a long-distance dispersion is possible via seeds and pollen. In this study, we provided evidence that virus can be efficiently transmitted through tomato seeds. Three tomato varieties (Beta Lux, Grace and Money Maker) and four genetically diverse TBRV isolates collected originally from different hosts were used in the experiments. The seedlings were grown in an insect-proof glasshouse and the presence of TBRV was verified by immunoassay (ELISA). The seed transmission was significantly dependent on tomato cultivar and virus isolate ranging from 1.69% up to 14.57%. Bioassays using Chenopodium quinoa plants confirmed the presence of infectious virus in the seeds.

scholarly journals Effect of defective interfering RNAs on the vertical transmission of Tomato black ring virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Henryk Pospieszny ◽  
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska ◽  
Natasza Borodynko-Filas ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Subviral Rnas ◽  
First Time

Viruses are thought to be the ultimate parasites, using host resources for multiplication. Interestingly, many viruses also have their own 'parasites', such as defective interfering RNAs (DI RNAs). One of the plant viruses whose infection can be accompanied by subviral RNAs is the Tomato black ring virus (TBRV). DI RNAs associated with the TBRV genome were generated de novo as a result of prolonged passages in one host. DI RNAs modulate the TBRV accumulation and the severity of the symptoms induced on the infected plants. In this study, we have addressed the question of whether DI RNAs can also affect TBRV vertical transmission through seeds. The experiments were conducted using the TBRV-Pi isolate and Chenopodium quinoa plants. C. quinoa plants were infected with TBRV-Pi with and without DI RNAs. Overall, 4 003 seeds were tested, and the analysis showed that the presence of DI RNAs made the TBRV-Pi seed transmission 44.76% more efficient. Moreover, for the first time, we showed that DI RNAs are being transferred from generation to generation.

scholarly journals First report of Tomato black ring virus infecting raspberry and blackberry in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Dąbrowska ◽  
Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽  
Patrycja Piasna ◽  
Tadeusz Malewski ◽  
Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Rubus Fruticosus ◽  
Wide Range

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) are infected by at least 29 viruses, including the Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) (Martin et al. 2013). TBRV belongs to the genus Nepovirus (subgroup B) of the family Secoviridae and is listed as a plant pathogen in over 40 countries. TBRV infects a wide range of herbaceous and woody plants. In Poland, TBRV has been described on the plants of the following species: Tagetes patula, T. erecta, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Lactuca sativa, Solanum tuberosum, S. lycopersicum, Sambucus nigra, and Robinia pseudoacacia (Jończyk et al. 2004, Hasiów-Jaroszewska et al. 2015). To this date, there is no information on the incidence of TBRV in raspberry and blackberry in Poland. In the spring of 2019, 52 blackberry leaf samples and 408 raspberry leaf samples were collected from 4 plantations located in central Poland. None of the raspberry plants (cvs. Glen Ample, Polka, Sokolica), nor the blackberry plants (cvs. Thornfree, Polar, Gaj, Kotata) exhibited viral symptoms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out for extracts from the 460 collected leaf samples to detect TBRV using commercial antisera (Loewe Biochemica GmbH, Germany). The results indicated that 9 samples (4 blackberry, 5 raspberry) were infected with TBRV. The isolates of the virus were transferred by sap inoculation and maintained in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi. Systemic ringspot, necrosis and patterned lines were observed on tobacco leaves. The presence of the virus in tobacco leaf samples was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Total RNA was extracted from all 9 samples using the silica capture (SC) method described originally by Boom et al. (1990) and adapted to the detection of plant viruses by Malinowski (1997). Part of the CP gene was amplified with the CPF (5’-GCCTGTCTCTCTCGCAATG-3’) and CPR (5’-AAGGAGCCAAACTGAAATGT-3’) primer pair (Hasiów-Jaroszewska et al. 2015). Amplicons of the expected size (763 bp) were obtained for each sample. The amplified products were purified, sequenced in both directions, deposited in GenBank and assigned accession numbers: MT507387 to MT507390 and MT507394 for the isolates from Rubus idaeus and MT507391 to MT507393 and MN954654 for the isolates from Rubus fruticosus, respectively. The 9 newly obtained TBRV CP gene sequences, together with the 25 isolates deposited in GenBank, were aligned by ClustalW. The isolates obtained in this study showed a 99.0-100% nucleotides (nt) and a 98.7-100% amino acids (aa) identity in the part of the CP, respectively. Comparison of the part of the CP of the 4 blackberry and the 5 raspberry TBRV isolates with 25 TBRV isolates available in GenBank showed a 80.6-97.8% nt and a 87.9-99.5% aa identity, respectively. The results of the phylogenetic analysis have revealed that the TBRV isolates obtained in this study are closely related to 3 Polish isolates (AY157994, KR139941, KR139951) and 1 Bioreba ctrl Switzerland isolate (KT923164). These findings are of epidemiological significance due to the fact that TBRV was detected on symptomless Rubus plants, which therefore represent a reservoir of the virus and a threat in case of a symptomatic infection of sensitive cultivars. Accordingly, the results will assist in using appropriate strategies for reducing TBRV incidence in Rubus-growing areas. Moreover, this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of TBRV in raspberry and blackberry in Poland.

Localization and mechanical transmission of tomato brown rugose fruit virus in tomato seeds

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidà Mohammed Salem ◽  
Abdullah Sulaiman ◽  
Nezar Samarah ◽  
Massimo Turina ◽  
Marta Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Tomato Seeds

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), belonging to the genus Tobamovirus, is a highly virulent emerging virus, causing disease outbreaks and significant crop losses worldwide. The growing number of ToBRFV epidemic episodes prompted the investigation of the role of seeds in the dissemination of the virus as an important aspect in the overall disease management. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the localization of ToBRFV within tomato seeds and to evaluate its seed transmission characteristics. Seeds extracted from naturally ToBRFV-infected tomato fruits were tested for the presence of the virus using serological, molecular, and biological assays. Three immunolocalization techniques were used to determine the localization and distribution of ToBRFV within the different tissues and parts of tomato seeds. To evaluate seed transmission of ToBRFV, two grow-out experiments were conducted to assess the rate of both vertical (seeds to progeny seedlings) and possible horizontal transmission (plant to plant) based on serological and molecular assays. Seeds extracted from ToBRFV-infected fruits had a 100% contamination rate. The localization of ToBRFV in tomato seeds is only external on the seed coat (testa). Seed transmission rate from seeds to their seedlings was very low (0.08%), while no transmission was recorded from plants to plants in a small-scale greenhouse experimental setup. In conclusion, ToBRFV is a seed-borne virus located externally on tomato seed coat and transmitted mechanically from ToBRFV-contaminated tomato seeds to seedlings which could initiate a disease foci and eventually drive further dissemination and spread of the disease in a new growing area.

scholarly journals Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus: Seed Transmission Rate and Efficacy of Different Seed Disinfection Treatments

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Salvatore Davino ◽  
Andrea Giovanni Caruso ◽  
Sofia Bertacca ◽  
Stefano Barone ◽  
Stefano Panno
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
Seeds Germination

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a highly infectious virus, that is becoming a threat to tomato production worldwide. In this work we evaluated the localization of ToBRFV particles in tomato seeds, its seed transmission rate and efficacy of disinfection, and the effects of different thermal- and chemical-based treatments on ToBRFV-infected seeds’ germination. Analyses demonstrated that ToBRFV was located in the seed coat, sometime in the endosperm, but never in the embryo; its transmission from infected seeds to plantlets occurs by micro-lesions during the germination. The ToBRFV seed transmission rate was 2.8% in cotyledons and 1.8% in the third true leaf. Regarding the different disinfection treatments, they returned 100% of germination at 14 days post-treatment (dpt), except for the treatment with 2% hydrochloric acid +1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 24 h, for which no seed germinated after 14 dpt. All treatments have the ability to inactivate ToBRFV, but in six out of seven treatments ToBRFV was still detectable by RT-qPCR. These results raise many questions about the correct way to carry out diagnosis at customs. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the effective localization of ToBRFV particles in seeds.

scholarly journals Re-evaluation of Seed Transmission of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in Zea mays

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Block ◽  
Lisa M. Shepherd ◽  
Gladys C. Mbofung-Curtis ◽  
Jeff M. Sernett ◽  
Alison E. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp

The spread of Goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight of corn (Zea mays), caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, to a wider geographic range in the early 2000s compared with the late 1960s has generated concern about the possible role of seed transmission in long-distance spread. The objectives of this research were: (1) to determine the percentage of seed infection found in seed harvested from inoculated and noninoculated plants of hybrids that varied in resistance to Goss’s wilt; and (2) to estimate the seed transmission rate from these infected seed lots. The greatest percent seed infection was detected in seed from inoculated plants of the most susceptible hybrid and the least in seed from the most resistant hybrid. Seed lots with seed infection that ranged from 3.6 to 37.0% were planted in three field and three greenhouse trials. A total of 12 seed transmission events (Goss’s wilt symptomatic seedlings) were identified among 241,850 plants examined, for a seed transmission rate of 0.005%. When the seed transmission rate was recalculated to consider only the infected seed portion of each seed lot, the rate increased to 0.040% (12 events from 30,088 potentially infected plants). Based on the low seed transmission rate observed and previous research on disease spread from a point source, it seems unlikely that seed transmission could introduce enough inoculum to create a serious disease outbreak in a single growing season. However, risk of seed transmission is relevant for phytosanitary restrictions and preventing the introduction of the pathogen to new areas. To date, Goss’s wilt has not been detected outside North America, and while the risk of seed transmission is very low, the risk is not zero. Fortunately, the presence of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in corn seed is readily detectable by established seed health testing methods.

Cloning and sequencing of full-length cDNAs of RNA1 and RNA2 of a Tomato black ring virus isolate from Poland

2004 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jonczyk ◽  
O. Le Gall ◽  
A. Palucha ◽  
N. Borodynko ◽  
H. Pospieszny
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus

Tomato black ring virus. [Distribution map].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Tomato black ring virus Viruses: Comoviridae: Nepovirus Attacks a wide range of woody hosts (grapevine, raspberry, fruit trees), herbaceous hosts (bean, celery, lettuce, sugarbeet) and weeds. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, India, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Japan, Turkey, AFRICA, Kenya, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Ontario, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Chile.

Further Studies on a Tomato Black Ring Virus Isolate from Artichoke

1987 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Rana ◽  
A. Di Franco ◽  
P. Piazzolla ◽  
A. Migliori
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus

scholarly journals Identification of Tomato black ring virus from tomato plants grown in greenhouses in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Mohammed Al-Shudifat ◽  
Ibrahim Mohammed Al-Shahwan ◽  
Mohammad Ali Al-Saleh ◽  
Omer Ahmed Abdalla ◽  
Mahmoud Ahmed Amer
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Tomato Plants
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