scholarly journals The utilization of wheat genetic resources in breeding for bread-making quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S71-S76 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dvořáček ◽  
L. Dotlačil ◽  
J. Hermuth ◽  
A. Prohasková ◽  
V. Stehno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Variable Content ◽  
Sedimentation Volume ◽  
Annual Distribution ◽  
Almost All

This paper describes the structure and content of the Czech wheat germplasm collection. The collection, at present, includes 10 800 wheat accessions. Evaluation data, of variable content are available on 73% of the accessions, pedigree data on 80% of released cultivars. The annual distribution of seed samples to users amounts to about 1200 accessions. Attention is paid to increasing the value of the collection for users by way of deeper evaluation and choice of donors for important characters. With this intention, 8 modern cultivars (most of them with high bread-making quality) and 20 genetic lines derived from European landraces and obsolete cultivars were tested in field trials carried out over two years in Prague-Ruzyně. As expected, modern cultivars were superior in almost all of the agronomic characters evaluated. However, older lines showed significantly higher protein contents, and some of them also had a higher wet gluten content, gluten index and Zeleny sedimentation volume. However, low variability was found for starch content. Some lines with high protein content had an acceptable productivity, and could also meet acceptable levels for other quality characters. Satisfactory performance was found in lines such as Viglašská červenoklasá 12/B, Szekacz 19 37/B, Mindeszentpusztai 44/B, Szekacz 1242 47/E, Ukrajinka 52/A and Eszterhazi Mindenes 117/C. Among the new, more productive cultivars, Bohemia, RU 440-6 and Akteur combine high quality of gluten with relatively higher protein content. Selected genotypes will be further tested in a broader range of environments.

scholarly journals Wheat Grain Protein Content under Mediterranean Conditions Measured with Chlorophyll Meter

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Marta Aranguren ◽  
Ander Castellón ◽  
Ana Aizpurua
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Different Sources

Adequate N fertilisation is crucial to increase the grain protein content (GPC) values in wheat. The recommended level of GPC needed to achieve high-quality bread-making flour should be higher than 12.5%. However, it is difficult to ensure the GPC values that the crop will achieve because N in grain is derived from two different sources: N remobilized into the grain from N accumulated in the pre-anthesis period, and N absorbed from the soil in the post-anthesis period. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the effect of the application of N on the rate of stem elongation (GS30) when farmyard manures are applied as initial fertilisers on GPC and on the chlorophyll meter (CM) values at mid-anthesis (GS65), (ii) establish a relationship between the CM values at GS65 and GPC, and (iii) determine a minimum CM value at GS65 to obtain GPC values above 12.5%. Three field trials were performed in three consecutive growing seasons, and different N fertilisation doses were applied. Readings using the CM Yara N-TesterTM were taken at GS65. The type of initial fertiliser did not affect the GPC and CM values. Generally, the greater the N application at GS30 is, the higher the GPC and CM values are. CM values can help to estimate GPC values only when yields are below 8000 kg ha−1. Additionally, CM values at GS65 should be higher than 700 to achieve high-quality bread-making flour (12.5%) at such yield levels. These results will allow farmers and cooperatives to make better decisions regarding late-nitrogen fertilisation and wheat sales.

scholarly journals Common wheat and cereal bug interactions: kernel quality depletion and immunodetection of damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
P. VACCINO ◽  
B. L. INGEGNO ◽  
M. G. PANSA ◽  
T. COPPA ◽  
L. TAVELLA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Sedimentation Volume ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYSeveral species of Heteroptera are responsible for kernel damage in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), which affects bread-making quality. In Europe, the most noxious bugs belong to the genera Eurygaster (Scutelleridae) and Aelia (Pentatomidae). In the present work, five bug species frequently found in wheat fields in north-western Italy, Eurygaster maura, E. austriaca, Aelia acuminata, Nezara viridula and Carpocoris purpureipennis, were tested in field trials for their capacity to induce wheat damage. The sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume test was used as the qualitative control. Among the bug species tested, E. maura was the most noxious pest, with C. purpureipennis being almost as noxious as E. maura. In contrast, E. austriaca and A. acuminata, which have been considered the wheat pests of major importance, as well as N. viridula, caused no or only moderate damage to wheat quality. The adoption of an antiserum specifically produced with E. maura salivary glands proved to be effective and specific in detecting bug damage. Therefore, this polyclonal antibody is promising for the development of a reliable test for the quick evaluation of commercial wheat flour batches.

scholarly journals Molecular linkage map of Einkorn wheat: mapping of storage-protein and soft-glume genes and bread-making quality QTLs

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. TAENZLER ◽  
R. F. ESPOSTI ◽  
P. VACCINO ◽  
A. BRANDOLINI ◽  
S. EFFGEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Significant Qtls ◽  
Sedimentation Volume

Two molecular maps of Triticum monococcum L were produced and integrated. The integrated map includes a total of 477 markers, 32 RFLPs, 438 AFLPs, one morphological (soft glume (Sog)) and six storage-protein markers, and covers 856 cM. The trait Sog with the recessive allele sog maps to linkage group 2S. Probably, this is the T. monococcum homologue of Tg and Tg2 in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats, respectively. Loci coding for seed storage proteins were allocated to chromosomes 1L (HMW GLU1,2 and Glu1), 1S (LMW GLU6,7, LMW GLU1-4, ωGLI1-4, γGLI5 and Gli-1) and 6L (α/βGLI7-14). Parameters related to bread-making quality (SDS sedimentation volume, specific sedimentation volume (SSV) and total protein content) were studied in one of the two populations. A QTL that is consistently present across environments was detected for SDS sedimentation volume and for SSV. The position of the QTL on chromosome 1S was in close agreement with the map positions of storage-protein loci. A second QTL was mapped on chromosome 5. For protein content, two significant QTLs were mapped to linkage groups 1 and 5.

scholarly journals GRAIN QUALITY OF MUTANT LINES INDUCED IN MALTING BARLEY VARIETIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
B. Dyulgerova ◽  
N. Dyulgerov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Forty-three mutant lines selected on the base of their high grain yield along with parent varieties Kuber, Zagorets, Asparuh, and Imeon were grown in field trials at the Institute of Agriculture – Karnobat in three consecutive years. Eight physical and chemical characteristics of grain related to the grain quality of malting barley were measured. There was considerable variation among barley mutant lines for all studied traits. Mutant lines with higher extract content, grain uniformity, 1000 grain weight, and lower protein content in grain compared to parent varieties were found. The correlations among traits showed that improvement of extract content of mutant lines was associated with increased grain uniformity, starch content, grain size, and 1000 grain weight and reduced protein content. The results from cluster analysis indicated that mutants originated from the same parent were grouped into different clusters. Therefore, the sodium azide treatment effectively induced diverse types of changes in the grain characteristics.

A comparison of some small-scale tests for bread-making quality used in wheat breeding

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Blackman ◽  
A. A. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Sedimentation Volume

SummaryTwenty-five winter wheat varieties and breeders' lines including hard and soft texture, good or poor bread and biscuit-making types were grown at two locations in the U.K. in 1977 to provide the test samples. Small-scale tests of bread-making quality including extensometer, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation volume, residue protein, urea dispersible protein and Pelshenke tests, were compared with loaf volumes and loaf scores.Averaged over the two sites, a modified extensometer test and the SDS test gave the closest correlation with loaf volume and loaf score and were only poorly correlated with Hagberg Falling Number and percentage protein. The SDS test gave the closest correlation between sites followed by the extensometer readings; loaf volume and score had much lower values. The SDS values and extensometer readings give a better measure of the genetic differences in protein quality of varieties than loaf volume and score, being less affected by growing conditions. With its small sample size and high throughput, the SDS sedimentation volume is likely to be the most useful screening test for wheat breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase protein and activity: immunological investigations on cellular and plasma enzymes

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Takahashi ◽  
HJ Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Plasma Enzyme ◽  
Plasma Enzymes ◽  
Erythrocyte Enzyme ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Gshpx Activity ◽  
Almost All

Selenium-deficient humans and animals are known to be deficient in glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in their cells and plasma. To determine the relationship between enzyme activity and protein content, the enzyme was purified from human erythrocytes, and polyclonal antibodies were made against the purified protein in rabbits. These antibodies were found to be monospecific, noninhibitory, and capable of precipitating the enzymatic activity. All the GSHPx activity in erythrocytes and almost all the activity in neutrophils and platelets was precipitated by these antibodies. None of the plasma enzyme was precipitated by these antibodies, indicating that the plasma enzyme activity was attributable to a different selenium dependent protein moiety. Utilizing a radioimmunoassay, we were able to determine that there was a direct relationship between GSHPx activity and protein content in the erythrocytes of both normal and selenium-deficient individuals, and a similar relationship between control and selenium- deficient rat erythrocytes and liver cells. Thus, the ability to examine GSHPx as a protein resulted in two new observations concerning the selenium-dependent GSHPx. The first is that the plasma enzyme is antigenically distinct from the erythrocyte enzyme, and the second is that in the absence of selenium, there is a concomitant decrease in GSHPx protein.

scholarly journals Effect of NPK fertilization on the yield and yield stability of different maize genotypes

2012 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Ágnes Krivián ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Long Term Experiment

The yielding capacity and quality parameters of 11 maize hybrids were studied in 2011 on calcareous chernozem soil in a 25-year long-term fertilization experiment in the control (without fertilization), in the base treatment of N 40 kg ha-1, P2O5 25 kg ha-1, K2O 30 kg ha-1 and in five treatments which were the multiplied doses of the base treatment. The N fertilizer was applied in the autumn and in the spring, while P and K fertilizers were applied in the autumn.The sowing time was 17–18 April, the time of harvest was 8 October. The 30-year average of precipitation (April–Sept) was 345.1 mm, the amount of precipitation did not differ greatly from that, however, its distribution was very unfavourable.It was found that the largest yield increment (as compared to the control) was in the treatment N 40 kg ha-1, P2O5 25 kg ha-1, K2O 30 kg ha-1 in the long-term experiment. The largest yields were obtained for the hybrids P9494, PR37N01 and PR35F38 (13.64–13.71 t ha-1). Due to the dry period at the end of the summer – beginning of autumn, the grain moisture content at harvest was favourably low, 12–18% depending on the treatment and the growing season. The N fertilization significantly increased the protein content of the kernel, but the starch content of the kernel decreased (significantly in several cases) with increasing fertilizer doses and yields as compared with the control.The highest protein content was measured in hybrids GK Boglár and Szegedi 386. The oil content was above 4% for GK Boglár, but the two hybrids were not among the best yielding hybrids in spite of their good inner content. The starch content was around 75 % without fertilization, it decreased with fertilization.For the tested hybrids, the fertilizer dose N 120 kg ha-1, P2O5 75 kg ha-1, K2O 90 kg ha-1 can be recommended with respect to efficacy and environmental considerations.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Impact of Electromagnetic Waves on Yield and Quality in Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin IMBREA ◽  
Branko MARINCOVIC ◽  
Valeriu TABĂRĂ ◽  
PAUL PÎRŞAN ◽  
Gheorghe DAVID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Starch Yield

Experimenting new technology of cultivating maize is an important step forward in order to optimise the yielding capacity if a crop that ranks second among crops cultivated worldwide and first among crops cultivated in Romania. Using low frequency radiations to stimulate yield and quality in maize allows increases in yield between 10 and 15% compared to the classical cultivation method and an improvement of the quality indicators (protein content increased with 6-11% determining an increase of the protein yield per ha; starch content increased with 7-14%, which also determined an increase of the starch yield per ha; while fat content, another indicator we monitored, increased with 2-6%).

scholarly journals Some correlations between parameters of winter wheat technological quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Jindřiška Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Technological Quality

The results of three-year trials (1999 to 2001) conducted with six winter wheat varieties in which was studied the grain yield and parameters of technological quality. Varieties of wheat come from four different localities of the Czech Republic. The most favourable weather conditions, a lot of precipitation and high temperature in the course of ripening from three years were proved in the year 2000. The best grain yield were in 2001 (average of sites 8.84 t/ha) and variety Semper, worst quality, had the highest grain yield of 9.17 t/ha, the least grain yield had Sulamit, best quality (7.94 t/ha). The laboratory analysis revealed negative correlation between grain yield and baking quality. The number of statistically highly significant correlations among bread-making quality parameters too.The negative correlation was of grain yield and grain volume mass (P < 0.05), Zeleny test and protein content taken as a whole for three years (P < 0.01). The correlation of loaf volume, which is the traits of baking quality and Zeleny test (r = 0.6016**), protein content (r = 0.5932**), dough stability (r = 0.2898**) and flour water absorption (r = 0.3632**) was positive (P < 0.01).

Effect of sowing date on the yield and quality of maize hybrids with different growing seasons

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Sowing

The yield, protein and starch content of Martonvásár maize hybrids belonging to different FAO groups were examined in experiments involving early, optimal and late sowing dates in two different years (drought — 2007, favourable water supplies — 2008) on a calcareous chernozem soil with loam texture at the Látókép Experimental Station of the Centre of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Debrecen.Sowing date had a significant effect on maize grain yield in the dry year. The grain yields of hybrids with longer growing periods were significantly higher than those with shorter growing periods in both years, but they reacted sensitively to the change in sowing date in the dry year. Due to the rainfall distribution in the growing season, sowing date did not modify the performance of the hybrids in the year with favourable water supplies. Sowing date had a significant effect on the grain protein content in the dry year, with significantly higher values after late sowing than after early or optimal sowing. Averaged over the sowing dates, the protein content of the FAO 200 hybrid was significantly higher in both years than that of hybrids in other FAO groups. In the dry year, the greatest difference in protein content could be observed between the early and late sowing dates for hybrids in all four FAO groups. A negative correlation was found between yield and protein content. Sowing date significantly increased the starch content of maize in the favourable year, with a significant difference between early and late sowing dates.In the dry year higher starch contents were recorded for all the hybrids and for all the sowing dates than in the favourable year. In the dry year, sowing date only caused a significant difference in the starch content in the case of FAO 200 sown at optimal and late sowing dates. In the favourable year, a significant difference was only obtained for the starch content of the FAO 400 hybrid sown at early and late sowing dates. Satisfactory quality can only be achieved if suitable genotypes are grown with appropriate technologies.

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