scholarly journals Crop rotation alleviates replant failure in Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen by changing the composition but not the structure of the microbial community

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Binbin Tang ◽  
Yaojun Dong ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Mimi He ◽  
Jianfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Soil Sickness ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Soil Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
One Year ◽  
Copiotrophic Bacteria

Consecutive monocropping with sanqi (Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen) can increase the abundances of pathogens in soil, resulting in soil sickness. Crop rotation is one way to alleviate this problem. In the present study, there were no differences in microbial structure or bacterial alpha diversity among one-year monocropping soil, one-year rotation soil, and ten-year rotation soil. However, monocropping practices decreased fungal alpha diversity. The relative abundance of copiotrophic bacteria decreased after sanqi monocropping, while that of oligotrophic bacteria increased. Ten-year rotation significantly increased the abundance of potential beneficial bacterial genera. Moreover, the potential beneficial fungal genera were also enriched by rotation for ten years. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Cylindrocarpon spp. decreased dramatically after a ten-year rotation. The results of pot experiments showed that disease incidences after ten-year rotation were significantly decreased among the three treatments. Hence, we suggested that pausing sanqi cultivation for a long time can increase the abundance of potentially beneficial soil bacteria and fungi that are helpful for overcoming soil sickness in sanqi cultivation.  

scholarly journals Consistent effects of vegetation loss on abundant and rare soil microbial phylotypes across nitrogen-enrichment levels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima Chen ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Shuijin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Bacterial Phylotypes ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Soil Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Vegetation Loss ◽  
First Time

Abstract Soil harbors highly diverse abundant and rare microbial phylotypes that drive multiple soil functions. Given increasing intensity and frequency of vegetation loss and anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N) inputs to the soil in the future, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how vegetation loss may influence abundant and rare microbial phylotypes at various N-enrichment levels. In the current study, we assessed the effects of vegetation loss on abundant and rare phylotypes of soil bacteria and fungi across three N-enrichment levels in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem. After six years of experimentation in with and without vegetation plots, the vegetation loss increased the total relative abundance of abundant soil bacterial phylotypes but not that of abundant fungal phylotypes at across N-enrichment levels. It is very likely because the number of abundant bacterial phylotypes with positive than negative responses to vegetation loss was higher; however, the number of abundant fungal phylotypes with positive than negative responses to vegetation loss was similar during this period. Moreover, the vegetation loss did not alter the alpha-diversity of abundant or rare bacterial phylotypes, or, of abundant fungal phylotypes; however, it reduced the alpha-diversity of rare fungal phylotypes at across N-enrichment levels. The vegetation loss, however, altered the beta-diversity of abundant and rare bacterial and fungal phylotypes across N-enrichment levels. We found that, against expectations, the effects of vegetation loss on the diversity of abundant and rare phylotypes of both bacteria and fungi were relatively consistent across N-enrichment levels. Our findings provide, for the first time, the phylotype-based data on how vegetation loss affects abundant and rare phylotypes of soil bacteria and fungi across N-enrichment levels. The results also indicate that the effects of vegetation loss on belowground functions may be relatively insensitive to the differences in the N-deposition rates.

Current status of soil sickness research on Panax notoginseng in Yunnan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
C. Ye ◽  
H Y. Fang ◽  
H J. Liu ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
S S. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Soil Sickness

scholarly journals The Diversity, Composition, and Metabolic Pathways of Archaea in Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2139
Author(s):  
Feilong Deng ◽  
Yushan Li ◽  
Yunjuan Peng ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wei ◽  
Xiaofan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Archaeal Communities

Archaea are an essential class of gut microorganisms in humans and animals. Despite the substantial progress in gut microbiome research in the last decade, most studies have focused on bacteria, and little is known about archaea in mammals. In this study, we investigated the composition, diversity, and functional potential of gut archaeal communities in pigs by re-analyzing a published metagenomic dataset including a total of 276 fecal samples from three countries: China (n = 76), Denmark (n = 100), and France (n = 100). For alpha diversity (Shannon Index) of the archaeal communities, Chinese pigs were less diverse than Danish and French pigs (p < 0.001). Consistently, Chinese pigs also possessed different archaeal community structures from the other two groups based on the Bray–Curtis distance matrix. Methanobrevibacter was the most dominant archaeal genus in Chinese pigs (44.94%) and French pigs (15.41%), while Candidatus methanomethylophilus was the most predominant in Danish pigs (15.71%). At the species level, the relative abundance of Candidatus methanomethylophilus alvus, Natrialbaceae archaeon XQ INN 246, and Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii were greatest in Danish, French, and Chinese pigs with a relative abundance of 14.32, 11.67, and 16.28%, respectively. In terms of metabolic potential, the top three pathways in the archaeal communities included the MetaCyc pathway related to the biosynthesis of L-valine, L-isoleucine, and isobutanol. Interestingly, the pathway related to hydrogen consumption (METHANOGENESIS-PWY) was only observed in archaeal reads, while the pathways participating in hydrogen production (FERMENTATION-PWY and PWY4LZ-257) were only detected in bacterial reads. Archaeal communities also possessed CAZyme gene families, with the top five being AA3, GH43, GT2, AA6, and CE9. In terms of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the class of multidrug resistance was the most abundant ARG, accounting for 87.41% of archaeal ARG hits. Our study reveals the diverse composition and metabolic functions of archaea in pigs, suggesting that archaea might play important roles in swine nutrition and metabolism.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation Characteristics of Bacteria and Fungi in PM2.5 in Typical Basin Cities of Xi’an and Linfen, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Sen Wang ◽  
Wanyu Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Haotian Sun ◽  
Yali Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Microorganisms existing in airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have key implications in biogeochemical cycling and human health. In this study, PM2.5 samples, collected in the typical basin cities of Xi’an and Linfen, China, were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing to understand microbial seasonal variation characteristics and ecological functions. For bacteria, the highest richness and diversity were identified in autumn. The bacterial phyla were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Metabolism was the most abundant pathway, with the highest relative abundance found in autumn. Pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, and Delftia) were positively correlated with most disease-related pathways. Besides, C cycling dominated in spring and summer, while N cycling dominated in autumn and winter. The relative abundance of S cycling was highest during winter in Linfen. For fungi, the highest richness was found in summer. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota mainly constituted the fungal phyla. Moreover, temperature (T) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Xi’an, and T, SO2, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Linfen were the key factors affecting microbial community structures, which were associated with different pollution characteristics in Xi’an and Linfen. Overall, these results provide an important reference for the research into airborne microbial seasonal variations, along with their ecological functions and health impacts.

scholarly journals Bottom-Up Generation of Peak Demand Scenarios in Water Distribution Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Enrico Creaco ◽  
Giacomo Galuppini ◽  
Alberto Campisano ◽  
Marco Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
User Demand ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Best Fit

This paper presents a two-step methodology for the stochastic generation of snapshot peak demand scenarios in water distribution networks (WDNs), each of which is based on a single combination of demand values at WDN nodes. The methodology describes the hourly demand at both nodal and WDN scales through a beta probabilistic model, which is flexible enough to suit both small and large demand aggregations in terms of mean, standard deviation, and skewness. The first step of the methodology enables generating separately the peak demand samples at WDN nodes. Then, in the second step, the nodal demand samples are consistently reordered to build snapshot demand scenarios for the WDN, while respecting the rank cross-correlations at lag 0. The applications concerned the one-year long dataset of about 1000 user demand values from the district of Soccavo, Naples (Italy). Best-fit scaling equations were constructed to express the main statistics of peak demand as a function of the average demand value on a long-time horizon, i.e., one year. The results of applications to four case studies proved the methodology effective and robust for various numbers and sizes of users.

scholarly journals Effect of Biofertilizers Application on Soil Biodiversity and Litter Degradation in a Commercial Apricot Orchard

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Elena Baldi ◽  
Paola Gioacchini ◽  
Daniela Montecchio ◽  
Stefano Mocali ◽  
Livio Antonielli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Litter Deposition ◽  
Litter Degradation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
One Year

The aim of the present experiment was to determine if the supply of biofertilizers could differently stimulate the native microbiota, thus determining different patterns of organic material decomposition processes. The microbial composition of soil and litter was investigated by next generation sequencing using a metabarcoding approach. The chemical structure of the decomposing litterbags was investigated through the TG-DTA analysis and NIR spectroscopy. The study was conducted in an apricot orchard in Italy, and two different type of biofertilizers (AMF and Trichoderma spp.) were compared to unfertilized control over one year. Bacteria and fungi in soil, 162 days from litter deposition, evidenced differentiated clusters for control and both biofertilizers; on the other hand, only fungal composition of litterbags was modified as a consequence of Trichoderma spp. supply; no effect was observed in the bacterial community of litterbags. NIR and TG-DTA analysis evidenced a significant change over time of the chemical composition of litterbags with a faster degradation as a consequence of Trichoderma spp. supply testified by a higher degradation coefficient (1.9) than control (1.6) and AMF (1.7). The supply of biofertilizers partially modified the bacteria community of soil, while Trichoderma spp. Influenced the fungal community of the litter. Moreover, Trichoderma spp. Evidenced a faster and higher degradation of litter than AMF-biofertilizers, laying the foundation for an efficient use in orchard.

scholarly journals Straw-Based Biopurification Systems to Remove Ibuprofen, Diclofenac and Triclosan from Wastewaters: Dominant Microbial Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Laura Delgado-Moreno ◽  
Pieter van Dillewijn ◽  
Rogelio Nogales ◽  
Esperanza Romero
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbial Structure ◽  
Methyl Triclosan ◽  
Source Contamination ◽  
Biopurification Systems ◽  
Olive Mill

The continued discharge of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into the environment due to their widespread use and the lack of effective systems for their removal from water is a global problem. In this study, the dissipation of ibuprofen, diclofenac and triclosan added simultaneously in biopurification systems (BPSs) with different compositions and their effect on the microbial community structure was analysed. Three BPSs, constituted by mixtures of soil (S), peat (P), or raw wet olive mill cake (A) or its vermicompost (V) and straw (S) were prepared (SPS, SAS and SVS). Sorption and degradation experiments were carried out. After 84 days of incubation, more than 85% of each PPCP applied had dissipated. Methyl-triclosan was determined to be highest in the SVS biomixture. Biomixtures with lower C/N ratio and higher alpha diversity were the most effective in the removal of PPCPs. Initially, the BPS biomixtures showed a different microbial structure dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes but after addition of PPCPs, a similar pattern was observed in the relative abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi, the class Sphingobacteriia and the genus Brevundimonas. These biopurification systems can be useful to prevent point source contamination due to the disposal of PPCP-contaminated waters.

scholarly journals Transoral Endoscopic Adenoidectomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr El-Badrawy ◽  
Mosaad Abdel-Aziz
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Nasal Allergy ◽  
Nasal Endoscope ◽  
Experienced Surgeon ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
Telephone Questionnaire

Objective. Adenoid curette guided by an indirect transoral mirror and a headlight is a simple and quick procedure that has already been in use for a long time, but this method carries a high risk of recurrence unless done by a well-experienced surgeon. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of transoral endoscopic adenoidectomy in relieving the obstructive nasal symptoms.Methods. 300 children underwent transoral endoscopic adenoidectomy using the classic adenoid curette and St Claire Thomson forceps with a Hopkins 4-mm nasal endoscope introduced through the mouth and the view was projected on a monitor. Telephone questionnaire was used to follow-up the children for one year. Flexible nasopharyngoscopy was carried out for children with recurrent obstructive nasal symptoms to detect adenoid rehypertrophy.Results. No cases presented with postoperative complications. Only one case developed recurrent obstructive nasal symptoms due to adenoid regrowth and investigations showed that he had nasal allergy which may be the cause of recurrence.Conclusion. Transoral endoscopic adenoidectomy is the recent advancement of classic curettage adenoidectomy with direct vision of the nasopharynx that enables the surgeon to avoid injury of important structures as Eustachian tube orifices, and also it gives him the chance to completely remove the adenoidal tissues.

scholarly journals Transcription of protease and chitinase genes provides a window onto macromolecular organic nitrogen decomposition in soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella T. Sieradzki ◽  
Erin E. Nuccio ◽  
Jennifer Pett-Ridge ◽  
Mary K. Firestone
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Extracellular Proteases ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Soil Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Chitinase Genes

AbstractNitrogen is a common limiting nutrient in soil in part because most N is present as macromolecular organic compounds, not directly available to plants. The microbial community present in soil near roots (rhizosphere) is in many ways analogous to the human gut microbiome, transforming nutrients present in organic substrates to forms available to plants through extracellular enzymes. Many recent studies have focused on the genetic potential for nitrogen cycling by bacteria in the rhizosphere, and on measuring inorganic N pools and fluxes. Between those two bodies of knowledge, there is scarce information on functionality of macromolecular nitrogen decomposing bacteria and fungi and how it relates to life stages of the plant. This is particularly important as many soil bacteria identified in community composition studies can be inactive or not viable. Here we use a time-series of metatranscriptomes from rhizosphere and bulk soil bacteria and fungi to follow extracellular protease and chitinase expression during rhizosphere aging. In addition, we explore the effect of adding plant litter as a source of macromolecular carbon and nitrogen. Expression of extracellular proteases increased over time in the absence of litter, more so in the presence of roots, whereas the dominant chitinase (chit1) was upregulated with exposure to litter. Structural groups of proteases were surprisingly dominated by serineproteases, possibly due to the importance of betaproteobacteria and actinobacteria in this grassland soil. Extracellular proteases of betaprotebacterial origin were more highly expressed in the presence of roots, whereas deltaroteobacteria and fungi responded to the presence of litter. We found functional guilds specializing in decomposition of proteins in the rhizosphere, detritusphere and in the vicinity of aging roots. We also identify a guild that appears to specialize in protein decomposition in the presence of roots and litter and increases its activity in aging rhizosphere, which may imply that this guild targets rhizodeposits or the senescing root itself as a protein source. Different temporal patterns of guilds imply that rather than functional redundancy, microbial decomposers operate within distinct niches.

Response of benthic macroinvertebrate communities to El Niño related drought events in six upland streams in south-central Ontario

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Gilbert ◽  
Peter J Dillon ◽  
Keith M Somers ◽  
Ron A Reid ◽  
Lem Scott
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
South Central ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

We examined the effects of extreme drought events on benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) community structure in six forested upland streams in south-central Ontario, Canada, during a 9-year period. Variation in the mean winter El Niño – Southern Oscillation Index was strongly correlated with drought conditions (zero flow days) in the study streams. Drought onset and duration varied among study streams and among years. Below-average precipitation coincided with the occurrence of drought, although it remains unclear if snowfall and rainfall contributed equally to the impact of decreased precipitation. Increased relative abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) one year following drought and decreased relative abundance two years after drought indicated high resistance but poor resilience. In contrast, chironomids showed poor resistance and high resilience. Although these patterns were not consistent across all streams, temporal coherence among streams was found in percent EPT, percent chironomids, and percent dipterans, suggesting that drought acts as a disturbance mechanism that simplifies benthos community assemblages. Biocriteria developed from 22 nearby reference streams indicated that abnormal BMI communities occurred only after recurring episodes of drought, indicating that the effects of drought are cumulative. Headwater streams may prove to be sentinel ecosystems for monitoring the impacts of climate change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document