scholarly journals Yield-scaled N2O and CH4 emissions as affected by combined application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer and pig manure in rice fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaikuo Wu ◽  
Ping Gong ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Zhijie Wu ◽  
Xueshi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Cumulative Emission ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Significant Difference

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with pig manure on rice yield and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions. Four treatments were established: urea (U); pig manure (PM); PM and urea (PM + U); PM and stabilized nitrogen fertilizer (urea plus 1% NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide), 1% PPD (phenylphosphorodiamidate) and 2% DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate)) (PM + U + I). In this study, compared with PM, PM + U significantly increased cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emission, but PM + U + I showed no significant difference from PM on N<sub>2</sub>O cumulative emission, indicating that stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with PM is effective at reducing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The cumulative emission of CH<sub>4</sub> from PM + U + I treatment was significantly lower than that from PM and PM + U, indicating that stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with PM can effectively reduce CH<sub>4</sub> emissions as well. The yields of PM + U and PM + U + I were not significantly different from those of U and PM, indicating that local conventional nitrogen application and returns of PM can provide sufficient nitrogen for rice growth. For yield-scaled emissions (YSE), PM was the highest, while PM + U + I significantly decreased YSE. Concomitant application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer can achieve the goal of reducing YSE when PM is returned to the field.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer management strategy for oil palm-maize intercropping system in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
I. Danso ◽  
E. Larbi ◽  
E. Andoh-Menash ◽  
P. F. Ribeiro ◽  
I.K. Adjarko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

  In an attempt to increase yield of maize in oil palm-maize intercropping system, farmers resort to indiscriminate cutting of fronds of palms leading to low yield of oil palm. This study evaluated the impact of different N fertilizer levels on maize varieties in oil palm-maize intercropping system. The economics of nitrogen application was also studied. The treatments were: T1-Sole oil palm, T2-Oil palm+‘Omankwa’, T3-Oil palm+‘Abelehi’ and T4-Oil palm+ ‘Obatanpa’. The crop associations were superimposed with nitrogen fertilizer levels as sub-treatments at N0- N0:P0:K0, N1-N60:P60:K60, and N2-N120:P60:K60 per ha. The experiment was a split plot design with 4 replications. There was no significant difference (p< 0.05) between maize varieties across seasons for both maize yield and aboveground biomass though ‘Omankwa’ was promising across seasons and more responsive to nitrogen application. Across the three maize varieties, N60P60K60 was significantly higher (p<0.05) by 40% and 17% for maize yield and aboveground biomass respectively as compared to N0:P0:K0. The study recommends N60P60P60 fertilizer level and further states that to improve fertilizer adoption, government should subsidize fertilizer cost for farmers to purchase. The outcome of cost benefit analysis revealed that return per cash invested favored cropping system with N60:P60:K60 and season with less water stress.

scholarly journals Sprinkler Irrigation Is Effective in Reducing Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Potato Field in an Arid Region: A Two-Year Field Experiment

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Yang ◽  
Yuehu Kang ◽  
Zhiwen Feng ◽  
Peng Gu ◽  
Huiyang Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Potato Field ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Overhead Sprinkler

In arid and semi-arid regions, water-saving irrigation is the primary mode of local agricultural production. Since the chemical fertilizer is the principal source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, we present results from a two-year (2016–2017) field experiment on a potato field to verify the general influence of water-saving irrigation on N2O emissions. A split-plot experiment was established with two irrigation systems and two fertilizer treatments, which give a total of four treatments. Two different irrigation systems were investigated: (i) flood irrigation with nitrogen fertilizer (NF-FI) combined with a control without any fertilizer (C-FI) and (ii) overhead sprinkler irrigation with a nitrogen fertilizer (NF-SI) accompanied with a control without any fertilizer (C-SI). The N2O emissions of the fertilizer treatment were greater than those of the control under each irrigation system. In plots where the fertilizers were applied, using overhead sprinkler irrigation reduced the average cumulative N2O emissions between 40.72% and 59.65% compared with flood irrigation. This was mainly due to the lower amount of water applied and the lower availability of NO3−-N and NH4+-N of soil associated with an overhead sprinkler irrigation. This work shows that the overhead sprinkler irrigation is an effective strategy to use to save water and mitigate emissions of the atmospheric pollutants N2O in comparison to flood irrigation.

Effect of plant spacing and application of nitrogen fertilizer on herb and essential oil yields of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini Stapf. var. motia)

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. S. Prakasa Rao ◽  
Munnu Singh ◽  
R. S. Ganesha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Diverse Plant

SummaryA field experiment was conducted for 2 years during the crop seasons of 1980–2 to study the effect of diverse plant spacings and rates of nitrogen application on the yields of herb and essential oil of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini Stapf. var. motia). The results indicated that at closer plant spacings of 30 × 30 cm (110 000 plants/ha) and 45 × 30 cm (74000 plants/ha), palmarosa responded to higher amounts of N fertilizer (240 kg N/ha/year). It was suggested that a plant spacing of 30 × 30 and 45 × 30 cm and application of 240 kg N/ha/year result in high essential oil yield of palmarosa.

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

Nitrogen Application for Short-Term Forages in Saudi Arabia. II. Summer Annuals: Maize, Proso Millet and Foxtail Millet

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
P. W. Bartholomew ◽  
R. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Maize Variety

SUMMARYNitrogen fertilizer requirements and potential forage yield of maize and two millet types grown under irrigation in Saudi Arabia were assessed. Nitrogen application at 50 kg/ha produced mean yields of up to 15.7 t/ha in maize variety Pioneer H.3147. Splitting the nitrogen application did not significantly affect yield. Nitrogen above 100 kg/ha did not significantly increase DM yield of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum). Mean total DM yields of 17.6 t/ha of Setaria italica were produced, after 111 days, with 150–200 kg/ha of nitrogen; 150 kg/ha of P2O5 produced a mean DM yield 7.9% higher than 75 kg P2O5/ha.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on some Attributes of SorghumGrown in Saline Soil under Irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Abubaker Haroun M.Adam ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed Taleim
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 levels of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0, 25, 50 and 75 Kg N/fed) on some attributes of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L). This study was conducted in the farm of College of Agriculture, University of Bahri-Sudan; during the period 2014-2015. Where the soil is classified as saline with pH ranging from 7.5 -7.8. A randomized completely block designed (RCBD); with 3 replications and four (4) treatments was adopted. All recommended cultural practices were carried out timely. Data; pertaining some plant attributes were collected and analyzed. The result showed that the application of 75KgN/fed has increased both; the average number of leaves as well as the plant height compared to other levels of Nitrogen fertilizer including the control (Figure 1, Figure 2). For the average number of tillers concern, there is non -significant difference between all Nitrogen levels and average number of tillers (Figure 3). The study concluded that the Nitrogen fertilizer has variable effects on the studied agronomic characters, and the application of 75kgN/fed is the optimal level of fertilizer for improving the agronomic traits of Sorghum under Alkadaro conditions.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emissions in soils fertilized with pig manure: soil processes and strategies of control and mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e23910212427
Author(s):  
Vilmar Muller Júnior ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Guilherme Wilbert Ferreira ◽  
Jorge Manuel Rodrigues Tavares ◽  
Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Denitrification Process

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the main gases that contributes to the greenhouse effect. With a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 265 times greater than that of carbon dioxide (CO2), over a 100-year horizon, N2O also has the potential for the depreciation of the ozone layer. The activities related to agriculture and livestock are responsible for approximately 60% of the global anthropogenic emissions of this gas to the atmosphere. In Brazil, the sector corresponds to 37% of total emissions. The objectives of this review article were: (i) To verify which are the main processes involved in N2O emissions in soils fertilized with swine manure; (ii) What are the direct emissions on these soils under different management systems, and; (iii) What are the possible strategies for controlling and mitigating N2O emissions. Therefore, an exploratory and qualitative research of articles was carried out using the following keywords: óxido nitroso’, ‘nitrous oxide’, ‘N2O’, ‘nitrogênio’, ‘nitrogen’, ‘suínos, ‘pig, ‘swine’, ‘dejetos’, ‘manure’ and ‘slurry’. Effects of pig diet, manure treatment systems, presence of heavy metals in the soil and moisture content of manure on N2O emissions were verified. Therefore, we recommend integrated studies of the quantitative and qualitative impacts of the levels and sources of nitrogen in the animals' diets on N2O emissions after the application of these wastes to the soil. We also recommend studies related to the effects of copper and zinc contents added to the soil via swine manure on enzymes that catalyze the biotic denitrification process in the soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Ammonium Sulfate Application Levels on the Growth and Yield of IR-28 Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claurence Nkumbe Ndille ◽  
Michael Amos Ballah ◽  
Shafiqullah Safi ◽  
Isaac Mupeta
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sulfate Application ◽  
Plant Length

The study was conducted in JICA Tsukuba experimental rice field RE-2 from April 2018 to September 2018, to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (Ammonium sulfate) application, on the growth and the yield of IR-28 rice. Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer were applied; 0kg.ha-1 (N0), 40kg.ha-1(N40), 60kg.ha-1(N60) and 80kg.ha-1(N80). For each of the four levels, part of the fertilizer was applied as basal dressing prior to transplanting, and the rest was applied as top-dressing at the panicle initiation stage. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and three replications. The plant length, the tiller number and the leaf colour were measured for growth data. The number of panicles per m2, the number of spikelets per panicle, the spikelet fertility rate, the 1000 grains weight, and the calculated yield were determined for yield components assessment. The plant length and the tiller number were significantly higher in N80 and N60 compared to N40 and N0, and N80 showed the highest values. There was no significant difference among the four nitrogen levels in terms of the number of panicles per m2 and the number of spikelets per panicle. The spikelet fertility rate and the 1000 grains weight were significantly higher in N80, N60 and N40 compared to N0, and no significant difference was observed among the three. Calculated yield values were higher in N80 (5.74 tons.ha-1) and N60 (5.38 tons.ha-1) compared to N40(4.88 tons.ha-1) and N0 (4.36 tons.ha-1), but there were no significant differences among the four treatments (5% Level of HSD). These results suggest that a high yield of rice can be achieved through the application of high amounts of nitrogen fertilizers. N60 nitrogen level can be recommended for optimum yield of IR-28. Although N80 showed higher yield and yield components, N60 is the best and the most economical nitrogen level required for optimum yield of IR-28.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL AUGMENTATION OF LUNG RECRUITMENT EFFECTS LN THE THERAPY OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESSSYNDROME AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
A E Bautin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Recruitment Maneuver ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Lung Recruitment ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surfactant Administration ◽  
Endobronchial Administration

The aim. To estimate efficacious of combined application of lung recruitment maneuver (LR) and surfactant administration for the treatment of ARDS after cardiac surgery. Materials and methods. 33 cardiac surgery patients with ARDS were included in to prospective, controlled non-randomized study. LR technique was used in 14 patients, who were included into the "LR" group. In 19 cases LR were combined with endobronchial administration of surfactant (Surfactant-BL, ”Biosurf” Russia), these patients were included into the "LR and surfactant" group. Results. Significant difference from baseline FiO 2 observed after 12 h in "LR and surfactant" group and after 24 h in "LR" group. Significant decrease from the baseline PEEP was observed after 48 h in "LR and surfactant" group and after 72 h in "LR" group. The duration of respiratory support was shorter in the "LR and surfactant" group: 87,5 ± 35,3 h vs 175,3 ± 52,5, p <0,001. There was significant difference in the incidences of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP): 10.5% in the "LR and surfactant" group and 42.9% in the "LR" group, p <0,05. Furthermore, we found significant difference in the ICU stay period between groups: 132,5 ± 42,2 h in the "LR and surfactant" group vs 282,5 ± 110,2 h in the "LR" group, p <0,01. There was no significant difference between two groups In mortality rate: 3 (15.8%) in the "LR and surfactant" group and 3 (21.4%) in the "LR" group. Conclusions. The combination of LR and surfactant administration decrease the time of respiratory support and ICU stay, reduce the risk of VAP.

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