scholarly journals Infestation of poppy cultures with the poppy stem gall wasp (Timaspis papaveris) Cynipidae: Hymenoptera

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Šedivý ◽  
P. Cihlař
Keyword(s):  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Degree Of Damage

The mortality of pupae in stems lying on the ground during hibernation was 51.7% in 2003. The emergence of adults in 2003 and 2004 was monitored from late April to early July by photoeclectors placed on fields that grew poppy the previous year. Most adult gall wasps emerged in April to early May 2004. The occurrence of females ovipositing on poppy stems varied from April to July and the degree of damage to the plants increased. Most frequently the females oviposited in the first stem internodes. The infestation of poppy cultures with the gall wasps was almost uniform, the number of infested plants increasing still in June. In late June, only seven out of 600 plants were not infested. Green sticks covered with non-coagulating glue and placed in the poppy field, indicated the stem heights frequented by ovipositing females. The gall wasp larvae were parasitised by <i>Trichomalus bracteatus</i> Walker and <i>Pseudotorymus papaveris</i> Ruschka, with <i>T. bracteatus</i> predominating. Most frequently, gall wasp larvae inside the seventh internode were parasitised by this species.

Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2774 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE LUIS NIEVES-ALDREY ◽  
ENRIQUE MEDIANERO
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
First Time

This paper reports the first study of the inquiline oak gall wasp fauna of Panama. Samples were collected at 19 sites in Panama, and inquiline specimens were reared from 63 gall morphotypes, including six species of Quercus, mainly Q. salicifolia and Q. bumelioides. Two genera were found: Synergus, represented by 10 species, and the recently described genus Agastoroxenia Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, with a single species, A. panamensis Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero. Synergus was recorded for the first time in Panama; Synergus mesoamericanus and Synergus nicaraguensis, which were formerly recorded from Guatemala and Nicaragua, have now been recorded in Panama, and eight new species of Synergus are described here: Synergus elegans, S. laticephalus, S. ramoni, S. rufinotaulis, S. luteus, S. gabrieli, S. baruensis and S. chiricanus. A key for the identification of the studied fauna is provided. An overall similarity cluster analysis of the inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, including one Neotropical and two Palaearctic species as outgroups, is included.

scholarly journals Studies on the Gall Characteristics of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Chestnut Genotypes in Yalova and Bursa Provinces of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimet S. GENÇER ◽  
Cevriye MERT
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean

The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a global pest of chestnut (Castanea spp.). It has been spreading in Turkey’s forests and orchards since 2014. This pest imposes a big threat to the Turkish chestnut industry, which is among the top producers in the world. Its gall morphology has been related to pest pressure and host cultivar, thus eventually modulating plant damage with heavy impact on growth and fruit production. We compared gall characters (position on plant organ, ratios, dimensions, volumes, number of larval chambers) in wild Castanea sativa, two local cultivars and a Euro Japanese hybrid. Overall, leaf galls were more common (55.36%), followed by the stem (19.6%) and leaf stipule galls (15.29%). The mean number of chamber and volume value of gall types were 1.52-5.93 and 0.43-2.15 cm3, respectively. The highest values were observed in ‘stem gall’. The more gall formation was observed in the wild chestnut trees and ‘Marigoule’ than the other local varieties.

Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3189 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE F. GÓMEZ ◽  
JOSE LUIS NIEVES-ALDREY
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

A comparative study of the larval morphology and biology of Arthrolytus glandium Bouček, Cecidostiba fungosa Geof-froy in Fourcroy, Cecidostiba geganius (Walker), Pteromalus bedeguaris (Thomson), Pteromalus hieracii (Thomson),Pteromalus isarchus Walker, Rivasia fumariae Askew & Nieves-Aldrey and Stinoplus lapsanae Graham (Pteromalidae)is presented. These eight species are all parasitoids of gall wasps in Europe and are components of communities associatedwith different gall-wasp food guilds: galls on herbs, shrubs and oaks. Special attention was paid to larval body shape, headcapsule characters, the mouthparts and especially the mandibles and the chaetotaxy of the head. Diagnostic characters ofthe genera are provided and except for R. fumariae the terminal instar larvae of all studied species are described and illus-trated for the first time with scanning electron photomicrographs. Information on the biology of each species, including new rearing records, is given.

scholarly journals Invertebrate Community Associated with the Asexual Generation of Bassettia pallida Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Weinersmith ◽  
Andrew A. Forbes ◽  
Anna K.G. Ward ◽  
Pedro F. P. Brandão-Dias ◽  
Y. Miles Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Asexual Generation ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Future Work

AbstractCynipid gall wasps play an important role in structuring oak invertebrate communities. Wasps in the Cynipini tribe typically lay their eggs in oaks (Quercus L.), and induce the formation of a “gall”, which is a tumor-like growth of plant material that surrounds the developing wasp. As the wasp develops, the cynipid and its gall are attacked by a diverse community of natural enemies, including parasitoids, hyperparasitoids, and inquilines. Determining what structures these species-rich natural enemy communities across cynipid gall wasp species is a major question in gall wasp biology. Additionally, gall wasps are ecosystem engineers, as the abandoned gall is used by other invertebrates. The gall-associated insect communities residing on live oaks (Quercus geminata Small and Q. virginiana Mill.) are emerging as a model system for answering ecological and evolutionary questions ranging from community ecology to the evolution of new species. Documenting the invertebrates associated with cynipids in this system will expand our understanding of the mechanisms influencing eco-evolutionary processes, record underexplored axes of biodiversity, and facilitate future work. Here, we present the community of natural enemies and other associates of the asexual generation of the crypt gall wasp, Bassettia pallida Ashmead. We compare the composition of this community to communities recently documented from two other cynipid gall wasps specializing on live oaks along the U.S. Gulf coast, Disholcaspis quercusvirens Ashmead and Belonocnema treatae Mayr. B. pallida and their crypts support a diverse arthropod community, including over 25 parasitoids, inquilines, and other associated invertebrates spanning 5 orders and 16 families.

The inquiline oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) fauna from Colombia: new data and species

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Lobato-Vila ◽  
Guadalupe Caicedo ◽  
Pedro A. Rodríguez ◽  
Juli Pujade-Villar
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Abstract A review of the current knowledge on the diversity of inquiline oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipinae) from Colombia is conducted for the first time. A new species, Synergus dawnus Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar, is formally described and illustrated, and an undescribed specimen from the same genus is diagnosed and discussed. New biological, morphological, and distribution data of the only two previously known species from this country (Synergus colombianus Nieves-Aldrey, 2005 and Synergus pedroi Pujade-Villar, Lobato-Vila, and Fernández-Garzón, 2017), as well as an identification key to the Colombian species of Synergus Hartig, 1840, are provided. The morphological variability of the Colombian species of Synergus, especially of S. pedroi, is discussed.

scholarly journals Arthropod Community Associated With the Asexual Generation of Bassettia pallida (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L Weinersmith ◽  
Andrew A Forbes ◽  
Anna K G Ward ◽  
Pedro F P Brandão-Dias ◽  
Y Miles Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Asexual Generation ◽  
Gall Wasps

Abstract Cynipid gall wasps play an important role in structuring oak arthropod communities. Wasps in the Cynipini tribe typically lay their eggs in oaks (Quercus L.), and induce the formation of a ‘gall’, which is a tumor-like growth of plant material that surrounds the developing wasp. As the wasp develops, the cynipid and its gall are attacked by a diverse community of natural enemies, including parasitoids, hyperparasitoids, and inquilines. Determining what structures these species-rich natural enemy communities across cynipid gall wasp species is a major question in gall wasp biology. Additionally, gall wasps are ecosystem engineers, as the abandoned gall is used by other invertebrates. The gall-associated insect communities residing on live oaks (Quercus geminata Small and Quercus virginiana Mill.) are emerging as a model system for answering ecological and evolutionary questions ranging from community ecology to the evolution of new species. Documenting the arthropods associated with cynipids in this system will expand our understanding of the mechanisms influencing eco-evolutionary processes, record underexplored axes of biodiversity, and facilitate future work. Here, we present the community of natural enemies and other associates of the asexual generation of the crypt gall wasp, Bassettia pallida Ashmead. We compare the composition of this community to communities recently documented from two other cynipid gall wasps specializing on live oaks along the U.S. Gulf coast, Disholcaspis quercusvirens Ashmead and Belonocnema treatae Mayr. B. pallida and their galls support a diverse arthropod community, including over 25 parasitoids, inquilines, and other associated arthropods spanning 5 orders and 16 families.

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