scholarly journals Variation in the production of trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in spring barley varieties after treatment with the fungicides azoxystrobin and tebuconazole

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hýsek ◽  
M. Váňová ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
J. Brožová ◽  
E. Sychrová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Hordeum Vulgaris

Eight varieties of spring barley (<i>Hordeum vulgaris</i> Lin.) were artificially inoculated with a <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> (W.G. Smith) Saccardo – isolate and naturally infected in the middle of the flowering period, and 2 d later treated with the fungicides azoxystrobin or tebuconazol at a dose of 1 l/ha in 250 l of water. In both control and treated samples of grain the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), the main trichothecene mycotoxin produced by <i>F. culmorum</i>, was determined by gas chromatography (GC-ECD). The treatment with either fungicide resulted in elevated levels of DON, an effect that was more pronounced with azoxystrobin.

scholarly journals Resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring barley

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
L. Štočková ◽  
L. Stemberková ◽  
L. Tvarůžek
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Medium Resistance

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease causing substantial yield and quality losses in barley. Genetic variation in deoxynivalenol (DON) content and and important yield traits in response to FHB were studied in 44 spring barley cultivars for two years following artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum under field conditions. The analysis of variance revealed that the largest effect on DON content and simultaneously on the reduction of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike were due to the environmental conditions of the year, while the visual disease symptoms depended on the cultivars to a larger extent. All these traits were significantly interrelated. The most resistant cultivars Murasski mochi, Nordic, Krasnodarskij 35, Krasnodarskij 95, Nordus, and Usurijskij 8, together with the resistant check Chevron, showed the lowest DON content, the lowest expression of disease symptoms and the lowest reduction of TGW and GWS. However, most spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic in recent years expressed susceptibility or medium resistance and were considerably affected by the disease. This increases the importance of breeding barley for resistance to FHB.

Trichothecene and Moniliformin Production by Fusarium Species from Western Canadian Wheat†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1220-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ABRAMSON ◽  
R. M. CLEAR ◽  
D. GABA ◽  
D. M. SMITH ◽  
S. K. PATRICK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Western Canada

Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium avenaceum, isolated from Fusarium-damaged wheat harvested in western Canada, were cultured and evaluated for mycotoxin production. Extracts of the culture media were assayed for trichothecenes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and for moniliformin by liquid chromatography. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was found in 28 of 42 isolates of F. graminearum and 42 of 42 isolates of F. culmorum at levels ranging from 0.5 to 25.0 μg/g. 15-AcetylDON was found in 28 of 42 isolates of F. graminearum at levels ranging from 1.0 to 7.1 μg/g. 3-AcetylDON was found in 41 of 42 isolates of F. culmorum at levels ranging from 0.8 to 13.0 μg/g. Several other trichothecenes were assayed but not detected in the culture medium. Moniliformin was present in 40 of 42 isolates of F. avenaceum at levels ranging from 1.3 to 138.1 μg/g, but was not present in any of the isolates of F. graminearum or F. culmorum.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study for deoxynivalenol production and aggressiveness in wheat and rye head blight by resequencing 92 isolates of Fusarium culmorum

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Miedaner ◽  
Andrea Vasquez ◽  
Valheria Castiblanco ◽  
Hilda Elena Castillo ◽  
Nora Foroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background Fusarium culmorum is an important pathogen causing head blight of cereals in Europe. This disease is of worldwide importance leading to reduced yield, grain quality, and contamination by mycotoxins. These mycotoxins are harmful for livestock and humans; therefore, many countries have strict regulatory limits for raw materials and processed food. Extensive genetic diversity is described among field populations of F. culmorum isolates for aggressiveness and production of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). However, the causes for this quantitative variation are not clear, yet. We analyzed 92 isolates sampled from different field populations in Germany, Russia, and Syria together with an international collection for aggressiveness and DON production in replicated field experiments at two locations in two years with two hosts, wheat and rye. The 30x coverage whole-genome resequencing of all isolates resulted in the identification of 130,389 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were used for the first genome-wide association study in this phytopathogenic fungus. Results In wheat, 20 and 27 SNPs were detected for aggressiveness and DON content, respectively, of which 10 overlapped. Additionally, two different SNPs were significantly associated with aggressiveness in rye that were among those SNPs being associated with DON production in wheat. Most of the SNPs explained only a small proportion of genotypic variance (pG), however, four SNPs were associated with major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with pG ranging from 12 to 48%. The QTL with the highest pG was involved in DON production and associated with a SNP most probably located within the Tri4 gene. Conclusions The diversity of 92 isolates of F. culmorum were captured using a heuristic approach. Key phenotypic traits, SNPs, and candidate genes underlying aggressiveness and DON production were identified. Clearly, many QTLs are responsible for aggressiveness and DON content in wheat, both traits following a quantitative inheritance. Several SNPs involved in DON metabolism, among them the Tri4 gene of the trichothecene pathway, were inferred as important source of variation in fungal aggressiveness. Using this information underlying the phenotypic variation will be of paramount importance in evaluating strategies for successful resistance breeding.

Response to Fusarium culmorum inoculation in barley

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Vančo ◽  
Svetlana Šliková ◽  
Valéria Šudyova ◽  
Antónia Šrobárová
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
High Infection

AbstractIn field tests replicated in 2004 and 2005, 32 cultivars of spring barley were assessed for resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) by single floret inoculation and spray inoculation with Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. It was found that the weather conditions in individual years affect to a large extent the progression of FHB and production of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). At the same time, in both years the cultivars reacted to F. culmorum infection similarly with respect to areas under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values and content of mycotoxin DON. Spraying inoculation led to stronger infection. The biggest differences in AUDPC values were observed between the cultivars Brise and Celinka, and weak reaction was found in the cultivars Kompakt and Madonna. The cultivars Kompakt and Tolar were most resistant towards FHB. In both monitored years the variety Ludan contained the lowest amounts of mycotoxin DON. Cultivars with high infection and low DON content (r = 0.78) showed weak positive relationship between resistance to FBH and accumulation of DON (concentration 70–200 mg/kg). This is the first information on FHB and in vivo concentrations of DON in certificated barley cultivars in Slovakia.

Biosynthesis of Trichothecene Mycotoxins in Fusarium culmorum Cultures

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel C. P. Baldwin ◽  
Barrie W. Bycroft ◽  
Paul M. Dewick ◽  
John Gilbert ◽  
Ian Holden
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Metabolic Studies

Abstract A high yielding production of the trichothecene mycotoxin 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) in cultures of Fusarium culmorum is described. By supplying [14C]acetate, 14C-labelled 3-AcDON suitable for further metabolic studies has been obtained. The pattern of labelling has been ascertained by using 13C-labelled acetate precursors, and is in line with established biosynthetic data. A second trichothecene produced in significant amounts by F. culmorum has been identified as 3α, 15-diacetoxy-7α, 8α-dihydroxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (7α, 8α-dihydroxycalonec-trin).

EVALUATION OF SPRING BARLEYS FOR REACTION TO Fusarium culmorum SEEDLING BLIGHT AND ROOT ROT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM E. GREY ◽  
DONALD E. MATHRE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Mature Plant ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Emergence

The effects of Fusarium seedling blight and root rot, caused by Fusarium culmorum, on plant emergence, harvestable tillers, grain yield and disease reaction in 12 spring barley cultivars were studied in greenhouse and field experiments at Bozeman, Mt. in 1984 and 1985. Atomization of F. culmorum macroconidia onto seed increased disease severity in greenhouse seedlings and mature plants in the field as compared with noninoculated seed. In the inoculated treatments the mean disease rating, based upon the extent of discoloration of the seedling coleoptile or the mature plant subcrown internode, differentiated resistant and susceptible two- and six-rowed cultivars. Among the 12 cultivars, seedling and mature plant disease reactions were not correlated. In 1985 field tests, F. culmorum inoculation reduced the plant emergence of all two-rowed, but only one six-rowed cultivar. Plant emergence in 1985 field tests was negatively correlated with greenhouse seedling and field mature plant disease reactions. To remove the effects of stand reduction by inoculation and determine the subsequent effect of infection on grain yield, the plant stand of a control treatment was hand-thinned to equal that of the inoculated treatment. Generally, F. culmorum inoculation had no effect on harvestable tillers or grain yield when compared with the hand-thinned control. The ease with which seed can be inoculated with the pathogen makes this technique a useful tool in evaluating the ability of a genotype to compensate for stand reduction and to tolerate root rot infection.Key words: Disease tolerance, dryland root rot

scholarly journals The Composition of the Essential Oil of the Plant Phlomoides Nuda Growing in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Dilrabo Rakhimjonovna Khaydarova ◽  
Gopurjon Usmonovich Siddikov ◽  
Shavkat Vokhidovich Abdullaev ◽  
Bakhtiyor Khojiboyevich Tojiboyev
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
The Republic

This article is the first to study the chemical composition of the essential oils of the vegetative organs of the plant Phlomoidies nuda, distributed in Yangikurgan district of Namangan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The essential oils of the plant are separated by hydro-distillation, the chemical composition of which is studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. According to the data, the volatile components of the surface during the flowering period of Ph nuda are 1-Butanol (5.3%), 3-Carene (6.7%), D-Limonene (8.7%),1,8-Cineole (11.1%), m-Cymene (5.7%) was detected.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and rainfall on participation of the pathogens causing root and stem rot in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Danuta Pięta
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Field experiments conducted in the years 1990-1995 were localized at the Plaiit Cultivation Station, Ulhówek to repeat the cultivation of spring barley cultivars Roland and Lot. In conditions of monoculture, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium culmorum were of the foremost importance in causing root and stem rot. The proportion of infected plants did not increase with time. Depending on the period of vegetation and the cultivar, the percentage of seedlings with necrosis symptoms ranged from 6% to 53,5% and that of stem base rot from 14% to 59%. In the case of both cultivars. root and stem rot was especially intensive in the third successive season of vegetation, i, e,. in 1992. That season was characterized by warm and wet weather conditions. favourable for the infection of seedlings by <em>B.sorokiniane</em> during the period of six weeks after the sowing of grain. Bipolaris sorokiniana always had the greatest proportion in the infction of spring barley but not in the seasons distinguished by hot and dry weather conditions. On the other hand, during dry and hot weather conditions the only or the dominating fungus obtained from the infcted stem base after the heading of spring barley was F. culmorum. In conditions of monoculture, favourable for root and stem rot of spring barley, the temperature and rainfalls clearly distinguished the proportion of B. sorokiniana and F. culmorum in plant infection.

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