scholarly journals Insect injury and mortality of seedlings of field penny-cress (Thlaspi arvense L.).

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
J. Štolcová
Keyword(s):  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Fallow Field

During 1997–1999 the injury caused by insect herbivors and mortality of plants of field penny-cress (Thlaspi arvense L.) was studied on an early fallow field at Prague-Ruzyně. The highest abundance of the weed (102 plants per m2) was recorded in 1999, the lowest (27 plants/m2) in 1998. Nearly all plants (100% in 1997 and 1998, 94% in 1999) were injured by flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.). Injury was greatest (> 50%) in younger seedlings. Mortality was low in 1997 (17.1%) and 1999 (15.8%), but high in 1998 (94%) because of concurrent drought. Herbivory and drought may kill a large proportion of seedlings and thus change the composition of the weed community.

FEEDING PREFERENCES OF PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FOR WILTED AND NONWILTED CRUCIFER SEEDLINGS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
F. Matheson ◽  
R.J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

Water stress, especially wilting, can increase the susceptibility of plants to herbivory by insects (Holtzer et al. 1988). Insects as diverse as locusts and leaf-cutting ants prefer wilted foliage (Bernays and Lewis 1986; Vasconcelos and Cherrett 1996). Palaniswamy et al. (1997) observed that the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), fed on excised and wilted foliage of Thlaspi arvense L. (Cruciferae) but not on intact and turgid foliage. If water stress can make unpalatable plants more palatable, identifying robust resistance to pests such as flea beetles will be difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine whether wilting affects feeding by the crucifer flea beetle and in particular if wilting differentially affects feeding on preferred and nonpreferred plants.

The influence of a weedy habitat on the seed bank of an adjacent cultivated field

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1879-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hume ◽  
O. W. Archibold
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Salsola Kali ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Fallow Field ◽  
Stipa Comata ◽  
Field Traps ◽  
Fallow Phase

Seed traps positioned 1 to 100 m into a cultivated field were used to assess the seed rain from an adjacent weedy pasture. The cultivated field was in the fallow phase of a crop-fallow rotation. Two sets of traps were used: one set contained steampasteurized soil and the other contained untreated soil from the field. Traps were left in the field for 12 months and then transported to a greenhouse where they were kept for 12 additional months. Seed content was determined by field and greenhouse emergence of seedlings. The pasture was dominated by grasses, the most abundant being Poa pratensis, Stipa comata, Bromus inermis, and Agropyron repens. Seeds of pasture species were found in decreasing numbers in the fallow field, with few found more than 7 m from the fence line in traps of both sterilized and nonsterilized soil. The fallow field was dominated by species such as Setaria viridis, Thlaspi arvense, Descurainia sophia, and Salsola kali which were not found in abundance in the pasture. It was concluded that seed rain from the pasture had a significant influence on the germinable seed content of the soil of the cultivated field (at the edge only). The incursion of pasture species into cultivated land presumably has been restricted by cultural practices.

scholarly journals Feeding preferences of Phyllotreta herbivores to winter rape and chosen weeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Štolcová
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Leaf Disks

In model experiments with leaf disks from <i>Brassica napus</i> L. subsp. napus and <i>Thlaspi arvense</i> L. and <i>Sinapis arvensis</i> L. in spring periods (May–June) of 2006–2007 feeding preferences of Phyllotreta herbivores to the above-mentioned crop and two common weeds were investigated. In seedlings of identical ontogenetic stages insignificantly higher feeding injuries were recorded in <i>B. napus</i>. Between the two monitored weeds insignificantly higher herbivory was found in <i>S. arvensis</i> compared to <i>T. arvense</i>. In a comparison of older crop and younger weeds and vice versa, flea beetles significantly preferred the four-leaf seedling stage to the cotyledon seedling stage irrespective of the monitored plant species. Though generally in feeding preference of flea beetles a general drift <i>B. napus</i> > <i>S. arvensis</i> > <i>T. arvensis</i> was recorded, the sequence of leaves also played its role under conditions of this experiment.

Identification and evaluation of flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae) resistance within Brassicaceae

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gavloski ◽  
U. Ekuere ◽  
A. Keddie ◽  
L. Dosdall ◽  
L. Kott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Hybrid Line ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles

All currently registered varieties of canola/oilseed rape, Brassica napus and B. rapa, are susceptible to attack by flea beetles, although to varying degrees. The development of resistant cultivars would be an environmentally acceptable means to reduce the damage caused by flea beetles. Seedlings from 10 species of Brassicaceae were evaluated for levels of antixenosis resistance to flea beetles in the laboratory, along with 308 Sinapis alba/B. napus hybrids. Thlaspi arvense and 11 cultivars of S. alba were resistant to feeding by flea beetles. In addition, 34 S. alba/B. napus hybrids were resistant to feeding by flea beetle in at least one test, although many of these failed to demonstrate resistance with repeated testing. One hybrid line was resistant to feeding by flea beetles each of the four times it was tested, while another was resistant in three out of four tests. These data indicate that resistance to flea beetles within the Brassicaceae is a genetic trait and can be transferred by interspecific hybridization. This information is the first step towards introgression of genetic sources of flea beetle resistance from resistant relatives into canola varieties. Key words: Flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae, Brassica, resistance, antixenosis, introgression

scholarly journals Insect damage to and mortality of seedlings of Chenopodium album L. and Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
J. Štolcová
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Fallow Field

During 1997–1999, the damage and mortality caused by insect herbivores to pigweed (<I>Chenopodium album</I>) and wild buckwheat (<I>Fallopia convolvulus</I>) were studied in an early fallow field at Prague-Ruzyně. The highest abundances of <I>Ch. Album</I> and <I>F. convolvulus</I> (83 and 3.5 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, resp.) were recorded in 1999, the lowest (11.6 and 0.3 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, resp.) in 1998. Mortality was low in 1997 (9.6% and 1.4%, resp.) and 1999 (4.0% and 2.5%, resp.), but high in 1998 (25% and 10%, resp.) due to concurrent drought. In accordance with previous studies on <I>Thlaspi arvense</I>, herbivory and concurrent drought may increase the mortality of <I>Ch. Album</I> and <I>F. convolvulus</I> seedlings, and thereby alter the species composition of the weed community during secondary succession.

ANTIBIOSIS OF PREFERRED AND NON-PREFERRED HOST-PLANTS FOR THE FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
R.P. Bodnaryk
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Adult Flea ◽  
Promising Type

AbstractThe antibiosis of crucifers to flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), was compared for Brassica juncea L., B. napus L., and B. rapa L. with low antixenosis, B. carinata L. and Sinapis alba L. with moderate antixenosis, and Thlaspi arvense L. with high antixenosis. Adult flea beetles collected from the field in early spring fed actively on intact or excised leaves of all plants except T. arvense. The beetles survived, and gained weight and fat on the Brassica species and S. alba, but not on intact foliage of T. arvense. No antibiosis was detected in any of the Brassica species or in S. alba. Intact foliage of T. arvense was so antixenotic that beetles probably starved rather than suffered from antibiosis. A low level of antibiosis was detected in excised foliage of T. arvense where the antixenosis was lost. These experiments show that estimates of beetle survival, dry weight, and fat content can be used in the laboratory to test small numbers of candidate plants for antibiosis. However, the level of antibiosis appears to vary less among Brassica species and related plants than does the level of antixenosis, and so the latter is a more promising type of resistance for use against flea beetles in canola.

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