scholarly journals Combining the botanical insecticides NSK extract, NeemAzal T 5%, Neemix 4.5% and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae Cross N 33 to control the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders)

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mahmoud M
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata

Botanical insecticides based on azadirachtin and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae were evaluated for their control of the peach fruit fly, <i>Bactrocera zonata</i>. Laboratory bioassays determined the potential of combinations between the biological control agent S. feltiae and the botanical insecticides NSK, NeemAzal T 5%, Neemix 4.5% against 3rd instar larvae of <i>B. zonata</i>. Of 25 treatment combinations between azadirachtin from NSK extract and <i>S. feltiae</i>, 18 gave synergistic responses, 4 were additive, none antagonistic and 3 without any response. The same number of combinations with NeemAzal T 5% showed 19 synergistic responses, 1 additive, none antagonistic and 5 without any response. Combinations of Neemix 4.5% and S. feltiae showed 11 synergistic responses, 5 additive, 3 antagonistic and 6 without any response. The combined use of botanical insecticides based on azadirachtin, especially NSK extract and NeemAzal T 5%, with the entomopathogenic nematode <i>S. feltiae</i> may offer an integrated approach to increase the efficacy of control of the peach fruit fly, <i>B. zonata</i>, by entomopathogenic nematodes.

Biological control of sciarid and phorid pests of mushroom with predatory mites from the genus Hypoaspis (Acari: Hypoaspidae) and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jess ◽  
J.F.W. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mushroom Compost

AbstractIn small-scale experiments, the predatory mites, Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) and H. miles Berlese, applied at 700 mites m−2, and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) applied at 3 × 10−6 nematodes m−2 controlled sciarids and phorids in mushroom compost and casing substrates. For both mite species, earliest application to the growing substrate following sciarid infestation reduced sciarid emergence. In contrast, later application of each biological control agent provided more effective control of phorid emergence. The behaviour of adult mites suggested that H. aculeifer were more positively geotactic than H. miles although both species could penetrate compost and casing substrates to a depth of 2–12 cm. A majority of S. feltiae nematodes resided at a depth of 2–4 cm in both substrate types. Independent application of H. aculeifer provided more comprehensive control of sciarids and phorids than the other biological agents studied, owing to its better dispersal within compost and casing, and ability to attack larvae of differing ages.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) as a Biological Control Agent of Lentil Weevil, Bruchus lentis, Under Laboratory Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507
Author(s):  
Karim SAEIDI ◽  
Hossein PEZHMAN ◽  
Hadi KARIMIPOUR-FARD
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Legume Seeds

Stored-product pests in the family Bruchidae of Coleoptera represent important pests affecting legume seeds. The lentil weevil, Bruchus lentis Froelich (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is one of the major lentil pests in Iran and in the world. The economic losses caused by this pest on lentil grow up to 40%. Synthetic pesticides are currently the chosen method to protect stored grain from insect damage. However, their widespread use has led to the development of pest strains resistant to insecticides and pest resurgence. In recent years, nonchemical methods, including biological agents are considered safe methods to control the stored grain pests. Positive characteristics of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control factors of arthropod pests, introduce them as an appropriate option for controlling the integrated pest management of lentil weevil. In the present study, an isolate of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae, isolated from soils around Yasouj and based on morphological traits and morphometric data were identified.  Adult insects of lentil weevil were exposed to concentrations of 0; 500; 1,000; 2,000 and 3,000 infective juvenile/ml of distilled water at different temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 29 °C). Insects were placed on filter paper impregnated with 1 ml of nematode suspension in Petri dishes for three days. Mortality of the insects was recorded every 24 hours. The highest mortality was recorded after 72 hours, which represented 79.40%, at the concentration of 3,000 infective juvenile at 26 °C.

scholarly journals Virulence of four entomopathogenic nematode against different stages of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mürşide Yağcı ◽  
Tuğba Akdeniz Fırat ◽  
F. Dolunay Erdoğuş ◽  
Müge Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Negative Effects

Abstract Background Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Mediterranean fruit fly), is one of the important polyphagous pest species in the world that harms almost all fruits causing significant yields losses. Control of this pest which is on the quarantine list of many countries is highly important. Due to the negative effects of chemical control on the environment and human health, biological control approaches have gained importance. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a potential biological control agent that can be used for effectively controlling the Medfly. Results In this study, effects of four EPNs species on larvae, pupae and adults of Medfly were investigated under laboratory conditions. Four different concentrations of EPNs species were used against each stage of the pest. It pest showed different sensitivity to different concentrations of each of the tested EPNs. High mortality rate of 94% was caused by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (11 KG),, followed by H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) with 91%, Steinernema carpocapsae (85%) and S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) with 71% at highest concentration (200 IJ/larvae. The highest effect on adult mortality (100%) was recorded by the species S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) at the highest concentration (200 IJ/adult) in the trials, followed by H. bacteriophora (11 KG) with 92%, H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) with 91% and S. carpocapsae (Tokat-Bakışlı05) with 87.37% mortality rates at the same concentrations. Conclusions It was determined that the EPNs tested in this study had insecticidal properties and they might be used in biological control programs against the Medfly.

Identity and biology of Aganaspis daci (Weld) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), recently introduced to Egypt for biological control of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. El-Heneidy ◽  
Marwa E. Hosni ◽  
Mohsen M. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
North Sinai

The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841), (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious polyphagous pest of tropical and subtropical fruits. In Egypt, the fly was first detected in 1997 and has since become widespread over most of the Egyptian provinces, causing serious damage to many fruit crops, particularly mango, guava, peach, apricot and citrus. In 2008, the larval-pupal koinobiont endoparasitoid, Aganaspis daci (Weld, 1951) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae, Eucoilinae) was introduced to Egypt via Hawaii for evaluation. The parasitoid is a dominant natural enemy of several Bactrocera species from Southeast Asia, the native region of B. zonata. To evaluate the potential of A. daci for biocontrol of B. zonata, this study investigated distinguishing features of A. daci in different stages, developmental periods, reproductive output, and optimal rearing protocols under laboratory conditions of 25 ± 1°C, 54 – 65% RH, and 14L:10D photoperiod, using B. zonata as hosts. The parasitoid Aganaspis daci went through four instars and developed into the ectoparasitic phase late in the third instar, as the larva developed one pair of functional thoracic spiracles. Total developmental period averaged 23.3 days, and males eclosed two days earlier than females. Realized fecundity of mated females averaged 39.6 offspring per female (range 32 – 55) and progeny sex ratio was 1:1. Longevity of honey fed females and males averaged 18.8 and 17.3 days, respectively. A. daci showed relative potential as a biological control agent against B. zonata in Egypt and was propagated for several generations before it was approved for release in 2009. Field recovery was reported one month following its liberation in guava orchard at Al-Arish district, North Sinai Province, with 1.6 – 8% initial rate of parasitism. Further studies, on its adaptation to the new Egyptian environment and efficacy against B. zonata under field conditions are in progress. This study provides important baseline information on the morphological and biological attributes of A. daci and the rearing method provides a basis for the development of a mass rearing protocol for augmentative parasitoid releases.

Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdeljelil Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Mediterranean Plant

Abstract Native to South and South-East Asia, B. zonata is now found in more than 20 countries. The potential risk of its introduction to a new area is facilitated by increasing international tourism and trade, and is influenced by changes in climate and land use. After introduction, it can easily adapt and spread as it is a polyphagous species and has a high reproductive potential (as many as 564 eggs in a lifetime), high biotic potential (several generations of progeny in a year), and a rapid dispersal ability. B. zonata is a strong flier and can be active throughout the year. Economic impacts may result primarily from the loss of export markets and the costly requirement of quarantine restrictions and eradication measures. Furthermore, its establishment may have a serious impact on the environment following the initiation of chemical and/or biological control programmes. B. zonata is of quarantine significance to EPPO (the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) countries. The pest is classified on the A1 List of Pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests.

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