scholarly journals Planting density impact on weed infestation and the yield of Miscanthus grown on two soil types  

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Maksimović ◽  
R. Pivić ◽  
A. Stanojković-Sebić ◽  
M. Vučić-Kišgeci ◽  
B. Kresović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Commercial Harvesting

The assessment of the weed infestation effect on biomass yield of Miscanthus × giganteus in the first year of its commercial yield was conducted on two types of soil with different productive ability – Luvic Chernozem and Calcic Gleysol. The formed mass of weeds was higher on Luvic Chernozem and the infestation had grown according to the stages of Miscanthus growth. The biomass of weeds depended on the planting density of Miscanthus as well as on the weather conditions during the studied years. Weed infestation of crops very significantly influenced the formation of aboveground biomass of Miscanthus, so that the yields in the first year of commercial harvesting in the control where the weeds were removed manually were significantly higher compared to the crops in which weeds were not removed. The obtained results showed that weeds significantly affect the initial growth and development of Miscanthus plants that are, in general, slow, especially in the year of the crop establishment. The study evaluates the impact of a manual method of suppression and weed infestation of crops on the commercial yield of Miscanthus.  

scholarly journals Analysis of linseed (Linum usitatissiumum L.) plant branching as related to variability and interdependence of traits

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 187-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Zając
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Plant Shoots

Branching process of two linseed cultivars ('Hungarian Gold' and 'Opal') was analysed each year of vegetation between 1999 and 2002 characterised by different weather course. The estimation included also the extent and variability of selected morphological traits and structural traits. as well as correlation between them. On the basis of biometric measurements the hierarchy of plant shoots has been established within a plant, and four plant groups were distinguished: 1-. 2-, 3- and 4-shoot plants. It was demonstrated that the intensity of linseed branching depended mainly on young plant planting density and, to a certain extent also the weather conditions in April and May. In the years when the weather course favoured vegetation. between 23 and 40% plants per stand were branched. Beside increasing its productivity linseed branching may also inhibit a development of secondary weed infestation of the canopy. Similar plant groups with analogous shoot hierarchy formed in both linseed cultivars. Bio social position of shoot on a plant determined the extent of its traits. A dominance of the maiii shoot over lateral shoots was marked, especially concerning the number of seed vessels. Particularly big prevalence of the main shoot over lateral ones was visible in 3- and 4-9hoot plants. Lateral shoots had greater variability of morphological traits, especially concerning the number of seed vessels per shoot. Linear, exponential and power interdependencies between traits of linseed cultivars were also revealed.

scholarly journals Influence of rhizome mass on the crop establishment and dry matter yield of Miscanthus×giganteus over ten seasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Zeljko Dzeletovic ◽  
Gordana Andrejic ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Hakan Geren
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Medium Mass ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
High Yields

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the influence of rhizome mass on the success of plantation establishment and biomass yield of the bioenergy crop M. ? giganteus during 10 years of cultivation. The experiment included three treatments with different rhizome masses: 10-20 g (very low); 25- 35 g (low), and 40-60 g (medium mass). Planting density was 2 rhizomes m-2. The plants were harvested by mowing of the whole above-ground biomass each year in February. Out of the total number of planted rhizomes, the lowest emergence was noticed in very low mass rhizomes. In the first season, the greatest number of stems and crop height were encountered under the treatment with the highest rhizome mass. In the second season, crop heights were almost equal in all treatments. During the first two seasons, the highest biomass yields were recorded under the treatments with the highest rhizome masses. Although the analyzed parameters were highest with the rhizomes of 40-60g during the crop establishing stage, starting from the third season of cultivation, high yields of above-ground biomass may be obtained also with lower mass rhizomes. Having the highest biomass yield (25.85?7.36 Mg DM ha-1), the crop established with rhizomes of 25-35 g clearly stood out.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of soft spring wheat crops depending on the soil tillage system

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
A. L. Pakul ◽  
N. A. Lapshinov ◽  
V. N. Pakul ◽  
G. V. Bozhanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
System Control ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of the study on the influence of various tillage systems on the weed infestation of soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety. The study was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment (20152019) preceded by bare and green-manured fallow (rapeseed, melilot) in Kemerovo region. The soil of the experimental plot is classified as leached, medium-textured, medium-humus, heavy-loam chernozem. The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined and minimum moldboard. Weather conditions during the research period were varied. Insufficient water supply during the first vegetation period of soft spring wheat (seedlings – leaf-tube formation) was noted in 2015-2017, with HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) being from 0.37 to 0.56. Excessive water content was observed in 2018 (HTC = 2.41) and moderate hydration – in 2019 (HTC = 1.12). Weed infestation was different in the conditions of each year. The impact of the soil tillage system on the number of weeds during the growing season of common spring wheat accounted for 21.6-90.4%, and their share in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis was 39.9-68.3%. The segetal flora in soft spring wheat crops is represented by monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species with all the studied tillage systems. The highest density of weed vegetation during the tillering phase of soft spring wheat was recorded with deep moldboard soil tillage system (control). A reduction in weed infestation by 2.3 times compared to the control was noted with minimum moldboard soil tillage system preceded by bare fallow, 1.6 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with rapeseed, and 1.7 times – preceded by green-manured fallow with melilot. The same trend was observed in the proportion of weeds in the total aboveground mass of the phytocenosis during the wax ripeness phase of soft spring wheat with deep moldboard tillage system (4.3%), deep combined (3.9), minimum combined (4.1), minimum moldboard (2.6%).

scholarly journals The weed pollution in Miscanthus giganteus

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
О. Chernelivska ◽  
І. Dziubenko
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Setaria Glauca

Goal. Is to determine the species composition of weeds in Miscanthus giganteus plantings, their impact on biomass productivity and the development of an effective protection system. Methods. Field experiments, laboratory agrochemical studies, mathematical and statistical — to evaluate the reliability of the obtained data. Results. At the beginning of the first year of vegetation in the miscanthus crops, the type of weed was mixed, with a large predominance of annual monocotyledonous species 91.1—93.6%. But in the second (70.1—85.3%) and the third (51.1—79.8%) years of vegetation, dicotyledonous species prevailed, while in the fourth, the monocotyledonous species (55.6—64.8%) had a slight advantage. In the first year of vegetation the weed was quite high and amounted to 1156 p./m2, in the second year — 873 p./m2, it decreased to 380—386 p./ m2. On the variants of application of herbicides for the second and next years, a decrease in the number of weeds by 41.3—64.5% compared with the weed pollution control and depending on the year of vegetation was observed. In the conditions of co-vegetation of weed plants with the weeds, the largest mass was formed by the Chenopodium album L. (930 g/m2 in the first year and 93 g/ m2 in the fourth year), Amaranthus retroflexus L. (455 g/ m2 and 60.6 g/ m2), Artemisia annua L. (280 g/m2 and 29.1 g/m2) and annual monocotyledonous Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal. Beauv. (225 g/ m2 and 17 g/ m2) and Setaria glauca (L.) Pal. Beauv (360 g/ m2 and 15.4 g/ m2). Weed pollution control on miscanthus crops helped to increase the biomass yield in the first year of vegetation to 2.6—2.7 t/ha of wet weight, to the fourth — up to 36.3—37.4 t/ ha. In the Weed pollution control, only 0.5 t/ha were obtained in the first year of vegetation, while in the fourth year it was 22.1 t/ ha. Conclusions. A mixed type of weed was found on the landing of Miscanthus giganteus, with 19 species from 12 families. Application of herbicides Task Extra and Master Power weed pollution reduction by 83.3—99.2%, which made it possible to improve the conditions of growing and development of Miscanthus giganteus plants and to obtain a dry biomass yield of 20.0 t/ha for the fourth year of vegetation.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF POTATO NUTRIENTS DEPENDING ON THE SEEDING DEPTH OF TUBERS AND ESTIMATED NORMS OF FERTILIZERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Алексей Самаркин ◽  
Aleksey Samarkin ◽  
Георгий Мефодьев ◽  
Georgiy Mefod'ev
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of tuber planting density and fertilizer design norms on the dynamics of potato nutrients in the southeastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The density of planting tubers and the calculated norms of fertilizers have a direct impact on the dynamics of the nutritional elements of the potato content and removal of mineral nutrition elements by the potato plants on the leached chernozem of the south-eastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The accumulation of elements of mineral nutrition is also significantly influenced by the weather conditions formed during the growing season of potato plants. Potatoes are demanding on soil fertility. With a good harvest, it consumes and alienates a large amount of nutrients from the soil. With an increase in the density of planting tubers and the calculated norms of fertilizers, respectively, the removal of mineral nutrients also increases. Studies have shown that the highest nitrogen content in the soil was observed during the beginning of the growing season of potato plants - at the time of emergence. The maximum concentration of phosphorus reached in the phase of budding and flowering of potatoes. During the growing season of potato plants, the content of exchangeable potassium increases and reaches a maximum value in the budding phase. After flowering, the indicator of potassium in the soil began to decline and at the time of harvesting reached a minimum value.

HARROWING OF SPRING GRAIN CROPS ON DRAINED LANDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Mitrofanov ◽  
L. V. Pugacheva ◽  
Т. N. Panteleeva ◽  
N. А. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The studies were conducted on the experimental fields of the FGBNU VNIIMZ (Tver region). The soil is sod-podzolic, light loamy and sandy gley, drained; humus content - 1.8-2.6%, the supply of nutrients - medium and high, the reaction of the soil environment - slightly acidic and close to neutral. The article discusses the impact of agrotechnical methods and herbicides on weed infestation and crop yield of spring grain crops. It was established that the right and timely pre-emergence harrowing of crops on the impact on yield is practically not inferior to the action of herbicides. The technical efficiency in the number of weeds from the use of herbicide was 60.6%, from a single pre-emergence harrowing - 41.0%, from a double one - 55.7%. It is shown that the efficiency of pre-emergence harrowing, its stability in years of different weather conditions, can be improved using the method of "delayed" sowing of spring grain crops. The technical effectiveness of harrowing with delayed sowing, compared with the control, where the harrowing was carried out on ordinary sowings without delay, increased by 33.6-38.8%, in some experiments in the number of weeds it was more than 70%. With equal yields, the cost of processing 1 hectare of crops with herbicides is 4-6 times higher than the cost of a single harrow and 2-3 times on a double harrow. To create non-herbicidal technologies for growing spring grain crops on drained lands, the method of sowing in ribbons on the ridges is of interest: the yield increases, the contamination of crops decreases.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
А. М. Grebennikov ◽  
А. S. Frid ◽  
V. P. Belobrov ◽  
V. А. Isaev ◽  
V. М. Garmashоv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.

scholarly journals Bridging the gap: blending spatial skills instruction into a technology teacher preparation programme

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diarmaid Lane ◽  
Sheryl Sorby
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Technology Teacher ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a surge in research in spatial thinking across the international community. We now know that spatial skills are malleable and that they are linked to success across multiple disciplines, most notably Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). While spatial skills have been examined by cognitive scientists in laboratory environments for decades, current research is examining how these skills can be developed in field-based environments. In this paper, we present findings from a study within a Technology Teacher preparation programme where we examined first-year students’ spatial skills on entry to university. We explain why it was necessary to embed a spatial skills intervention into Year 1 of the programme and we describe the impact that this had on students’ spatial scores and on academic performance. The findings from our study highlight a consistent gender gap in spatial scores at the start of the first-year with female students entering the Technology Teacher preparation programme at a lower base level than male students. We describe how we integrated spatial development activities into an existing course and how an improvement in spatial scores and overall course performance was observed. The paper concludes by discussing the long-term sustainability of integrating spatial interventions within teacher preparation programmes while also highlighting the importance of future research to examine spatial skills as a fundamental component of technological capability.

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