scholarly journals Nitric oxide emission from barley seedlings and detached leaves and roots treated with nitrate and nitrite

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
Q. Xiao ◽  
F.H. Wu ◽  
Z.M. Pei ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Normal Environment ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Chemiluminescence Detector

Nitric oxide (NO) emission from detached barley leaves, roots and whole plants treated with various nitrate or nitrite concentrations under light/dark and aerobic/anaerobic conditions was quantified by using a chemiluminescence detector. NO emission from detached tissues and whole plants treated with moderate nitrate concentration (60mM) was relatively higher under anaerobic condition, and was positively correlated with nitrite concentration. Darkness and anaerobic condition remarkably induced NO emission from detached barley leaves. On the contrary, NO emission from detached roots and whole plants was relatively higher in light. As for whole plants treated with 60mM nitrate and 12mM nitrite, the pattern of NO emission in normal environment was broken by light-dark and aerobic-anaerobic transition. Light and anaerobic condition induced NO emission significantly in the whole plant. The whole barley plant emitted significantly higher amount of NO than detached leaves or roots.

scholarly journals Natural Product Nitric Oxide Chemistry: New Activity of Old Medicines

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Ashley C. Torregrossa ◽  
Deepa K. Parthasarathy ◽  
Nathan S. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Preventative Care ◽  
Current State ◽  
No Bioavailability ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Care Measure

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as a therapy and preventative care measure for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may prove to be beneficial when used in conjunction with or in place of conventional medicine. However, the lack of understanding of a mechanism of action of many CAMs limits their use and acceptance in western medicine. We have recently recognized and characterized specific nitric oxide (NO) activity of select alternative and herbal medicines that may account for many of their reported health benefits. The ability of certain CAM to restore NO homeostasis both through enhancing endothelial production of NO and by providing a system for reducing nitrate and nitrite to NO as a compensatory pathway for repleting NO bioavailability may prove to be a safe and cost-effective strategy for combating CVD. We will review the current state of science behind NO activity of herbal medicines and their effects on CVD.

Mechanisms of pathogenesis in Sclerotium bataticola on sunflowers. 1. Production and translocation of a necrosis-inducing toxin

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ho Chan ◽  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Root System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Early Symptom ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Necrotic Spots ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Necrotic Spotting

Necrotic spotting of leaves is an early symptom of attack by Sclerotium bataticola on sunflowers. Spots appear after invasion of vascular tissues by the pathogen, which does not spread appreciably from the point of inoculation.Inoculation of one stem of plants split apically to give twin stems on one root system resulted in necrotic spotting of leaves first on the inoculated, and later on the uninoculated stem. Introducing cell-free filtrates of cultures of S. bataticola into sunflower plants or detached leaves resulted in production of the same type of necrotic spots. Introduction of eosin dye, which is translocated in the vascular system, into whole plants and detached leaves produced patterns of coloration similar to the patterns of necrotic spotting. The necrosis may be attributed to a translocatable toxin produced by the fungus.It is indicated that the toxin is neither an enzyme nor a protein. It has not been eluted after adsorption by activated carbon.

On-line measurement of nitric oxide generation in buffer-perfused rabbit lungs

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1502-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Spriestersbach ◽  
F. Grimminger ◽  
N. Weissmann ◽  
D. Walmrath ◽  
W. Seeger
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
On Line ◽  
Expired Gas ◽  
Gas Space ◽  
Small Aliquot ◽  
Chemiluminescence Detector ◽  
Inhaled No

In buffer-perfused rabbit lungs, the mixed expired gas was continuously analyzed for nitric oxide (NO) by chemiluminescence detection, and recovery data in dependency of the alveolar O2 tension were established. A small aliquot of the lung effluent was continuously forwarded to a reaction vessel in which the NO decomposition products nitrite, peroxynitrite, and nitrate [summarized as NOx; acidic vanadium (III) chloride reagent] or nitrite (acidic sodium iodide reagent) were quantitatively reduced back to NO, which was then transferred to a second chemiluminescence detector. Under baseline conditions, the perfused lungs continuously released 2.2 +/- 0.21 nmol/min of NO (n = 10) into the gas space. NO was permanently liberated into the intravascular compartment at 7.0 +/- 0.3 nmol/min (n = 4). According to a very low buffer-gas partition coefficient of NO (estimated to be 0.0292 +/- 0.005 in separate equilibration experiments), NO aerated into the prelung perfusate largely escaped into the alveolar space within one lung passage, whereas only low percentages of inhaled NO were detected as NOx in the buffer medium. Immediate increase of lung NO generation in response to A-23187 challenge and inhibition by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine were demonstrated. In conclusion, in buffer-perfused lungs, total NO generation may be monitored by continuous analysis of NO exhalation and perfusate NOx accumulation.

Virulence of Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Clones on Detached Leaves and Whole Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Lagos-Kutz ◽  
Michelle L. Pawlowski ◽  
Brian W. Diers ◽  
Swapna R. Purandare ◽  
Kelley J. Tilmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Whole Plants

Four weeks of cycle training increases basal production of nitric oxide from the forearm

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. H1070-H1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Kingwell ◽  
B. Sherrard ◽  
G. L. Jennings ◽  
A. M. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrite Production ◽  
Cycle Training ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

The purpose of this study was to determine whether nontrained vascular beds might contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise, including reduced blood pressure by enhanced nitric oxide production. Thirteen healthy, sedentary male volunteers performed 4 wk of normal sedentary activity and 4 wk of cycle training in a randomized order. At the end of each intervention, venous occlusion plethysmography was used to study the forearm blood flow responses to intra-arterial infusions of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside. Training increased the maximal work-load and maximal oxygen consumption, whereas intrabrachial blood pressure was reduced. L-NMMA caused a greater vasoconstriction after training (P = 0.004). Net nitrate and nitrite consumption by the forearm was less after training both before and after administration of L-NMMA (P = 0.04), consistent with increased nitrate and nitrite production from nitric oxide metabolism. There was no difference in the response to acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside between the two states. Preliminary studies showed an increase in forearm blood flow and blood viscosity after cycling, suggesting that elevated shear stress in this vascular bed may contribute to endothelial adaptation and the cardiovascular protective effects of exercise training.

Aspects of programmed cell death during early senescence of barley leaves: possible role of nitric oxide

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 232 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kołodziejek ◽  
J. Kozioł-Lipińska ◽  
M. Wałęza ◽  
J. Korczyński ◽  
A. Mostowska
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Barley Leaves

Inhibition of cystathionine-β-synthase activity during renal ischemia-reperfusion: role of pH and nitric oxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. F912-F922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamika A. Prathapasinghe ◽  
Yaw L. Siow ◽  
Zhibin Xu ◽  
Karmin O
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Transsulfuration Pathway ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Our recent study (Prathapasinghe GA, Siow YL, O K. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292: F1354–F1363, 2007) indicates that homocysteine (Hcy) plays a detrimental role in ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury. Elevation of renal Hcy concentration during ischemia-reperfusion is attributed to reduced activity of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the transsulfuration pathway for the metabolism of the majority of Hcy in the kidney. However, the mechanisms of impaired CBS activity in the kidney are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pH and nitric oxide (NO) on the CBS activity in the kidney during ischemia-reperfusion. The left kidney of a Sprague-Dawley rat was subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. The CBS activity was significantly reduced in kidneys subjected to ischemia alone (15–60 min) or subjected to ischemia followed by reperfusion for 1–24 h. The pH was markedly reduced in kidneys upon ischemia. Injection of alkaline solution into the kidney partially restored the CBS activity during ischemia. Further analysis revealed that reduction of CBS activity during reperfusion was accompanied by an elevation of NO metabolites (nitrate and nitrite) in the kidney tissue. Injection of a NO scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), restored the CBS activity in the kidneys subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Treatment with PTIO could abolish ischemia-reperfusion-induced lipid peroxidation and prevent cell death in the kidney. These results suggested that metabolic acidosis during ischemia and accumulation of NO metabolites during reperfusion contributed, in part, to reduced CBS activity leading to an elevation of renal Hcy levels, which in turn, played a detrimental role in the kidney.

Cerebrospinal fluid and serum nitric oxide metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Giovannoni
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Nitric oxide is hypothesised to play a role in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Raised cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of the nitric oxide metabolites nitrate and nitrite have been described in patients with multiple sclerosis. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum nitrate and nitrite were measured in patients with multiple sclerosis, inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological diseases, and correlated with the albumin quotient, an index of blood-brain-barrier dysfunction. Patients undergoing diagnostic lumbar and vene puncture were prospectively recruited, clinical data were obtained from the hospital records, and the CSF and serum nitrate and nitrite levels were measured by the nitrate reductase and Griess reaction methods. Nitrate and nitrite, were raised in the CSF and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological diseases compared to patients with non-inflammatory neurological disorders (median nitrate and nitrite: cerebrospinal fluid=10.3 μM vs 15.4 μMvs 6.6 μM, P50.001, and serum=49.0 μM vs 46.4 μM vs 38.8 μM, P=0.02, respectively). CSF nitrate and nitrite levels correlated with the albumin quotient (n=59, r=0.42, P50.001). This study provides further evidence for a role of nitric oxide in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and supports a role for nitric oxide as a possible mediator of inflammatory blood-brain-barrier dysfunction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document