scholarly journals Interspecific variation and impact of clear-cutting on natural 15N abundance and N concentration in the needle-to-soil continuum of a boreal conifer forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Sah ◽  
H. Ilvesniemi
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Natural Abundance ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Δ15n Natural Abundance ◽  
Spruce Needles

The primary objective of this paper is to study the interspecific variation of <sup>15</sup>N natural abundance in two dominant conifer tree species, Scot pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) and Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> L. Karst) in a N-limited mixed boreal coniferous forest in southern Finland. Both a mature tree stand (a natural forest stand) and a stand of seedlings in a clear-cut area were considered. We analyzed %N and δ15N natural abundance in needles, branches, litter and soil of the both above-mentioned stands. Pine needles had higher N concentrations than spruce needles, both in mature forest (pine = 1.09%, SE ± 0.02 and spruce = 0.79%, SE ± 0.02) and in the clear-cut area (pine = 1.01%, SE ± 0.07 and spruce = 0.74%, SE ± 0.04). Furthermore, pine needles were significantly more depleted in δ15N natural abundance than the spruce needles, both in the mature forest (pine = –5.6‰, SE ± 0.1‰ and spruce = –4.0‰, SE ± 0.2‰) and in the clear-cut sites (pine = –2.8‰, SE ± 0.2‰ and spruce = –2.1‰, SE ± 0.3‰). The more pronounced depletion of <sup>15</sup>N in the pine foliage might be connected to its different fungal associates in the roots compared to spruce roots. We assume that the mycorrhizal N-uptake is very prominent at the N-limited site. After clear-cutting, needles of the seedlings and the uppermost part of soil organic layer were found to be more 15N-enriched than at the natural forest site. This was attributed to an increased level of nitrification in the clear-cut site soil.

Changes in small mammal communities after logging in north-central Ontario

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Martell
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
North Central ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Small Mammal Community ◽  
Small Mammal Communities ◽  
Mammal Community ◽  
Mammal Communities

Changes in small mammal communities following logging were monitored in clear-cut and strip-cut upland black spruce (Picea mariana) stands and in selectively cut mixed wood stands in north-central Ontario. Clear-cutting and subsequent scarification essentially eliminated the vegetative cover. Much of the ground cover recovered within 5 years and shrubs within 12 years, but mosses and lichens took much longer. The small mammal community in both clear-cut and strip-cut stands changed over the first three years after logging from one dominated by southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) to one dominated by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and then remained relatively stable for up to 13 years after harvest. That shift was not apparent in selectively cut mixed wood stands where the composition of the small mammal community was similar between uncut stands and stands 4–23 years after harvest. There was relatively little change in total numbers of small mammals after logging. In general, the diversity and evenness of small mammals increased or remained stable in the first 1–3 years following harvest, decreased on older (3–16 years) cuts, and then increased to values similar to those in uncut stands on the oldest (19–23 years) cuts.

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration of the Tree Stand in the Bilberry Spruce Forest—Clear-Cutting Ecotone Complex in the First Post-Logging Decade

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Genikova ◽  
Viktor N. Mamontov ◽  
Alexander M. Kryshen ◽  
Vladimir A. Kharitonov ◽  
Sergey A. Moshnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting

Bilberry spruce forests are the most widespread forest type in the European boreal zone. Limiting the clear-cuttings size leads to fragmentation of forest cover and the appearance of large areas of ecotone complexes, composed of forest (F), a transition from forest to the cut-over site under tree canopy (FE), a transition from forest to the cut-over site beyond tree canopy (CE), and the actual clear-cut site (C). Natural regeneration of woody species (spruce, birch, rowan) in the bilberry spruce stand—clear-cut ecotone complex was studied during the first decade after logging. The effects produced by the time since cutting, forest edge aspect, and the ground cover on the emergence and growth of trees and shrubs under forest canopy and openly in the clear-cut were investigated. Estimating the amount and size of different species in the regeneration showed FE and CE width to be 8 m—roughly half the height of first-story trees. Typical forest conditions (F) feature a relatively small amount of regenerating spruce and birch. The most favorable conditions for natural regeneration of spruce in the clear-cut—mature bilberry spruce stand ecotone are at the forest edge in areas of transition both towards the forest and towards the clear-cut (FE and CE). Clear-cut areas farther from the forest edge (C) offer an advantage to regenerating birch, which grows densely and actively in this area.

Spider assemblage structure and functional diversity patterns in clear-cut, logged, and undisturbed areas in a large Atlantic Forest remnant

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 608-614
Author(s):  
Ronei Baldissera ◽  
Suiane Oliveira de Quadros ◽  
Gabriela Galeti ◽  
Everton Nei Lopes Rodrigues ◽  
Luan M.V. Lazzarotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Forest Remnant

Habitat loss is one of the main consequences of landscape transformation by humans. Monitoring biodiversity changes in areas under different management strategies is fundamental for species conservation. Our study is the first to assess the role of forest disturbance history on spider (Araneae) biodiversity in the westernmost portion of the Atlantic Forest. We analyzed taxonomic and functional aspects of spider assemblages in understories in a large forest fragment in southwestern Brazil. Spiders were sampled in five 30 m × 5 m plots over three seasons in three areas with different management histories: clear-cutting, selective logging, or native plots. We also characterized tree basal area, tree density, and canopy openness. The clear-cut plots showed more canopy openness and low habitat heterogeneity due to the high density of one pioneer native tree species. Forest structure in selective logging and native plots was similar. Spider richness, abundance, and functional richness were affected only by the season. Species composition also differed among the areas depending on the season. The abundance of web-building species was mainly associated with clear-cut areas in winter and spring. These results highlight the importance of natural regeneration in the Atlantic Forest after disturbance for the conservation of regional spider biodiversity.

scholarly journals Patterns of Carbon Sequestration in a Young Forest Ecosystem after Clear-Cutting

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sille Rebane ◽  
Kalev Jõgiste ◽  
Andres Kiviste ◽  
John A. Stanturf ◽  
Marek Metslaid
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Measurement Period

A large area of Estonian hemiboreal forest is recovering from clear-cut harvesting and changing carbon (C) balance of the stands. However, there is a lack of information about C- source/sink relationships during recovery of such stands. The eddy covariance technique was used to estimate C-status through net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in two stands of different development stages located in southeast Estonia in 2014. Measured summertime (June–September) mean CO2 concentration was 337.75 ppm with mean NEE −1.72 µmol m−2 s−1. June NEE was −4.60 µmol m−2 s−1; July, August, and September NEE was −1.17, −0.77, and −0.25 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively. The two stands had similar patterns of CO2 exchange; measurement period temperature drove NEE. Our results show that after clear-cutting a 6-year-old forest ecosystem was a light C-sink and 8-year-old young stand demonstrated a stronger C-sink status during the measurement period.

scholarly journals Influence of Plantation Establishment on Discharge Characteristics in a Small Catchment of Tropical Forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aisah Shamsuddin ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
Shoji Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Yield ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Forested Catchment ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hopea Odorata ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted on the impact of forest clearance on discharge from newly established Hopea odorata plantations catchment (14.4 ha). The stands were two years old when this study commenced in year 2006 and the data collection was carried out for two years. The forested catchment (C3) was clear-cut during the preparation of the forest plantation and catchment C1 was left undisturbed. Discharge and rainfall were measured continuously for two years. The discharge measured from years 1997 to 2003 was used also to determine the water yield before and after forest clear-cut. This study showed that the plantation catchment is more responsive to storm with higher total water yield than in the forested catchment. The effect of forest clear cutting to discharge was clearly shown by the increment in the amount following the clear-cut activities and time taken for the recovery of the discharge back to its original state was almost three years. The peak discharge in C3 also was affected in which the biggest change was obtained during the forest clear-cutting period compared with during calibration and after clearing periods. This study is useful as basis for improving the existing guidelines on forest plantation establishment.

δ15N natural abundance may directly disclose perturbed soil when related to C:N ratio

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Conen ◽  
Mikhail V. Yakutin ◽  
Nina Carle ◽  
Christine Alewell
Keyword(s):  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Natural Abundance ◽  
Δ15n Natural Abundance

Impact of clearcutting and slash burning on ectomycorrhizal associations of Douglas-fir seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Pilz ◽  
David A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Soil Origin ◽  
Slash Burning

The effect of clear-cutting, with and without slash burning, on ectomycorrhizal formation of Douglas-fir seedlings (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was studied in field and greenhouse bioassays. Twelve ectomycorrhizal types were found in three western Cascade Mountain sites on seedlings planted in soils exchanged among burned and unburned portions of clear-cuts and undisturbed forest. Rhizopogon sp. and an unidentified brown type consistently formed at least two-thirds of the ectomycorrhizal root tips. Regardless of soil origin, more ectomycorrhizae formed in clear-cuts than in undisturbed forest (primarily due to more brown mycorrhizae). Soil origin did not affect total numbers of ectomycorrhizae; however, more different types formed in undisturbed forest soils than in clear-cut soils, irrespective of aboveground environment. More nonmycorrhizal tips occurred in clear-cut soils. Seedlings grown in the same soils formed the same proportions of Rhizopogon and brown types in field and greenhouse, but not the same proportions of less common ectomycorrhizal types. Soil pasteurization increased root-tip numbers. Inoculated soils (1 part nonpasteurized: 9 parts pasteurized) produced as many ectomycorrhizae as nonpasteurized field soils and generally fewer tips than pasteurized soils. Formation of major (but not minor) ectomycorrhizal types on all sites was influenced more by aboveground changes that accompany clear-cutting and site preparation than by alterations in soil chemistry or biology.

scholarly journals Effect of conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting on concentrations of some micronutrients in coniferous forest soil and plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Grønflaten ◽  
Eiliv Steinnes ◽  
Göran Örlander
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Cu And Zn

Effect of conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting on concentrations of some micronutrients in coniferous forest soil and plants Increasingly intensive and mechanized clear-cutting may deplete the forest ecosystem of essential nutrients. A clear-cut area near Växjö, southern Sweden, was investigated for changes in Mn, Cu and Zn in soil (NH4NO3 extractable and HNO3 soluble) and wavy hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa) after conventional (CC) and whole-tree clear-cutting (WTC). The soil samples were mostly iron podzols. The area consisted of four clear-cut sites, respectively 2, 4, 6 and 8 years old, and an uncut forest reference stand. Each of the clear-cuts was split in two parts representing WTC and CC sites. Manganese showed the most definite trends after clear-cutting, exhibiting higher extractable concentrations in Oe, Oa and E horizons (4-8 years after clear-cutting) and B horizons (6-8 years after clear-cutting). The increase of exchangeable Mn in the E (2-8 years) and B (4-8 years) horizons was particularly strong. Zn concentrations tended to fluctuate with time. There was a tendency to higher Mn and Zn concentrations in the humus layer especially 2 years after CC-treatment compared with WTC, whereas the opposite trend was apparent for Cu. Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations decreased in Deschampsia flexuosa 2 years after clear-cutting, possibly due to increased soil pH.

Changes in bacterial populations in a clear-cut beech forest soil planted with spruce

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Kauri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Multipoint Method

A beech forest after clear-cutting was replanted with spruce. To study how this perturbation affected soil bacteria and their physiological capabilities, an investigation was undertaken 4 years after the change of forest type. Compared with an earlier study in the beech forest, from 1972 to 1975, conducted immediately before clear-cutting, bacterial numbers in the young spruce plantation had increased; an exception was the upper layer (A00), where the numbers decreased. The population densities of bacteria decomposing xylan, pectin, starch, cellulose, and chitin were estimated by a direct multipoint method. The numbers of bacteria in all the physiological groups studied were higher in 1979–1980, with the same exception as before (A00). The greatest changes occurred in the upper horizons. There were considerable changes in the soil environment after the former beech litter fall ceased; the forest floor became more exposed, and the ground vegetation changed. Changes took place in soil properties, such as organic matter and pH. A slight increase in pH was observed in all horizons except in A00, and organic matter increased in two of the horizons (A01/A1; A1).

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