scholarly journals Effects of varying doses of Frisol on European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) planted on spoil banks

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bulíř
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
The One ◽  
Liquid Concentrate ◽  
Spoil Banks

Frisol forte (FR F) and Frisol active (FR A) are slow-acting organic fertilisers recommended for reclamation and revitalisation of undeveloped soils and degraded areas. Tentative results of experiments carried out with these products on spoil banks in the CR showed controversial reactions of plants - on the one hand a high mortality of seedlings and a very good growth on the other. Reasons for these disproportions projecting themselves into the welfare of woody plants probably lie in an incorrect dosage of products. Thus, a special long-term experiment was established with the objective to find an optimal dosing to be used in practice for the reclamation process on spoil banks. By the method of measuring and statistical evaluation of height and stem diameter growths it was discovered that the best results were achieved by the combined use of both products with a dosage in the range of 30-60 g FR F + 250 ml FR A/5 l of water/10 seedlings. The discovered dosage is lower than that indicated by the manufacturer and literature. The application of granulated FR F alone was not so effective. The best dosage in this case was also 60 g/seedling. A disadvantage of using the combination of both types of Frisol is that the water required for dissolving the FR A liquid concentrate is not always available in the location being reforested.

scholarly journals Effects of periodic bottlenecks on the dynamics of adaptive evolution in microbial populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minako Izutsu ◽  
Devin M. Lake ◽  
Zachary W. D. Matson ◽  
Jack P. Dodson ◽  
Richard E. Lenski
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Beneficial Mutations ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Population bottlenecks are common in nature, and they can impact the rate of adaptation in evolving populations. On the one hand, each bottleneck reduces the genetic variation that fuels adaptation. On the other hand, fewer founders can undergo more generations and leave more descendants in a resource-limited environment, which allows surviving beneficial mutations to spread more quickly. Here we investigate the impact of repeated bottlenecks on the dynamics of adaptation in experimental populations of Escherichia coli. We propagated 48 populations under four dilution regimes (2-, 8-, 100-, and 1000-fold), all reaching the same final size each day, for 150 days. A simple model in which adaptation is limited by the supply rate of beneficial mutations predicts that fitness gains should be maximized with ~8-fold dilutions. The model also assumes that selection acts only on the overall growth rate and is otherwise identical across dilution regimes. However, we found that selection in the 2-fold regime was qualitatively different from the other treatments. Moreover, we observed earlier and greater fitness gains in the populations subjected to 100- and 1000-fold dilutions than in those that evolved in the 8 fold regime. We also ran simulations using parameters estimated independently from a long-term experiment using the same ancestral strain and environment. The simulations produced dynamics similar to our empirical results under these regimes, and they indicate that the simple model fails owing to the assumption that the supply of beneficial mutations limits adaptation.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

Hidden “holes” in the capital of banks and the supply of credit to the real sector of economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mamonov
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The One

Our analysis documents that the existence of hidden “holes” in the capital of not yet failed banks - while creating intertemporal pressure on the actual level of capital - leads to changing of maturity of loans supplied rather than to contracting of their volume. Long-term loans decrease, whereas short-term loans rise - and, what is most remarkably, by approximately the same amounts. Standardly, the higher the maturity of loans the higher the credit risk and, thus, the more loan loss reserves (LLP) banks are forced to create, increasing the pressure on capital. Banks that already hide “holes” in the capital, but have not yet faced with license withdrawal, must possess strong incentives to shorten the maturity of supplied loans. On the one hand, it raises the turnovers of LLP and facilitates the flexibility of capital management; on the other hand, it allows increasing the speed of shifting of attracted deposits to loans to related parties in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. This enlarges the potential size of ex post revealed “hole” in the capital and, therefore, allows us to assume that not every loan might be viewed as a good for the economy: excessive short-term and insufficient long-term loans can produce the source for future losses.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

Evaluation of mineral fertilizer effects in a long-term experiment on a planted sward

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Kádár
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Egy műtrágyázási tartamkísérlet 32. évében, 2005-ben vizsgáltuk az eltérő N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szintek és kombinációik hatását a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis) vezérnövényű, nyolckomponensű, pillangós nélküli gyepkeverék termésére, fejlődésére és elemtartalmára. A termőhely mészlepedékes csernozjom talaja a szántott rétegben mintegy 3% humuszt, 3–5% CaCO3-ot és 20–22% agyagot tartalmazott, N és K elemekben közepesen, P és Zn elemekben gyengén ellátottnak minősült. A kísérlet 4N×4P×4K = 64 kezelést×2 ismétlést = 128 parcellát foglalt magában. A talajvíz 13–15 m mélyen helyezkedik el, a terület aszályérzékeny. A vizsgált 2005. évben azonban kielégítő mennyiségű (649 mm) csapadék hullott és annak eloszlása is kedvező volt. A gyep telepítése spenót elővetemény után 2000. szeptember 20-án történt gabona sortávra 60 kg·ha–1 vetőmaggal, amelynek 25%-át (15 kg) a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis); 21–21%-át (12,6 kg) a nádképű csenkesz (Festuca arundinacea) és az angol perje (Lolium perenne); 9%-át (5,4 kg) a taréjos búzafű (Agropyron cristatum), valamint 6–6%-át (3,6 kg) a vörös csenkesz (Festuca rubra), a réti komócsin (Phleum pratense), a zöld pántlikafű (Phalaris arundinacea) és a csomós ebír (Dactylis glomerata) tette ki. Főbb eredményeink: – A meghatározó N-trágyázás nyomán a szénatermés 5-szörösére emelkedett a két kaszálással a N-kontrollhoz viszonyítva. A maximális 10 t·ha–1 körüli légszáraz szénahozamokat a 300 kg N·ha–1·év–1 N-adag, valamint a 150 mg·kg–1 körüli AL-P2O5-, illetve 150 mg·kg–1 feletti AL-K2O-tartalom biztosította. Növénydiagnosztikai szempontból a nagy terméshez kötődő optimális elemtartalom 2% körüli N- és K-, illetve 0,2–0,3% P-koncentráció volt a szénában. – A két kaszálással felvett minimum (a 2 t·ha–1 körüli szénatermést adó N-kontroll) és maximum (a 10 t·ha–1 körüli szénahozamú, nitrogénnel és PK-vel jól ellátott talajok) elemmennyiségek a következőképpen alakultak: N 21–196 kg, K 39–188 kg, Ca 9–48 kg, Mg 4–22 kg, P 6–21 kg. – Az N×P és N×K kölcsönhatások kifejezettebbé váltak a 2. kaszálás idején. A P 0,18–0,55%, a NO3-N 86–1582 mg·kg–1, a Cu 4,7–7,4 mg·kg–1, a Mo 0,7–4,1 mg·kg–1 extrém értékeket jelzett az N×P kezelések függvényében. Az N×K kezelésekben a K 1,44–2,73%, a Mg 0,26–0,39%, a Na 71–2178 mg·kg–1, a Ba 4,1–9,6 mg·kg–1, a Cd 15–44 µg·kg–1 szélsőértékekkel volt jellemezhető. A Sr a 10–26 mg·kg–1 koncentrációtartományban módosult a P×K-ellátottság nyomán. Élettani, takarmányozástani szempontból az indukált kölcsönhatások nyomon követése elengedhetetlen, amennyiben olyan mérvű tápelemhiányok, illetve aránytalanságok jöhetnek létre, melyek anyagcserezavarokat okozhatnak a növényt fogyasztó állatban.

Effect of NPK fertilization on the yield of winter wheat and maize and on the nutrient content of the soil in a long-term experiment network in Hungary

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-330
Author(s):  
Jakab Loch ◽  
János Lazányi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Az Országos Műtrágyázási Tartamkísérletek (OMTK) tizenkét NPK kezeléskombinációjában, kilenc termőhelyen vizsgáltuk az NPK-trágyázás hatását az őszi búza és a kukorica termésére és a talajok 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható tápelemtartalmára. A termőhelyek: Bicsérd (BI), Hajdúböszörmény (HA), Iregszemcse (IR), Karcag (KA), Keszthely (KE), Kompolt (KO), Mosonmagyaróvár (MO), Nagyhörcsök (NA), Putnok (PU). Az NPK kezelések: 000, 101, 111, 121, 201, 220, 221, 222, 331, 341, 421, 441. A N- és P-kezelések a kódoknak megfelelően 50 kg N, ill. P2O5·ha−1, a K-adagok 100 kg K2O·ha−1 hatóanyag-mennyiséggel növekszenek. Az őszi búza termésadatok a 23., 24., 27., 28. és 31. évi kísérletekből, a kukoricatermések a 25., 26., 29. és 30. évből származnak.Az NPK-kezelések jelentősen növelték az őszi búza és a kukorica öt-, illetve négyéves átlagtermését, szignifikáns különbségek jöttek létre a termőhelyek átlagában. Az NPK-kezelések különböző érvényesülése az egyes termőhelyeken az eltérő ökológiai viszonyok, köztük a különböző eredeti tápelemtartalom és szolgáltató képesség következménye.Az NPK-kezelések hatására a talajok 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható tápelemtartalma is jelentősen változott. A növények tápelemigényét meghaladó kezelések tartamhatásaként tápelem-felhalmozódás igazolható mindhárom tápelem esetében. A növények szükségletét meghaladó N-adagok, a karbonátos talajokat és a nagy agyagtartalmú kompolti (KO) talajt kivéve csökkentették a talaj pH-t. A másodfokú görbék az őszi búza ötéves termésátlaga és a 0,01 M CaCl2-ban mért összes-N, P- és K-tartalom közötti összefüggéseket szemléltetik termőhelyenként.A legnagyobb kezeléshatások azokon a talajokon igazolhatók, melyeken a kontroll 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható összes-N értéke kisebb, mint 5–10 mg·kg−1. A 15,0 mg·kg−1 érték felett altalaban nem érvényesült a nitrogén termésnövelő hatása. Kivételt képez a tápanyagban gazdag, hajdúböszörményi nem karbonátos réti talaj. A foszfor termésnövelő hatása 2,0 mg P·kg−1 érték felett — a karbonátos réti talaj kivételével — általában nem érvényesül. Az összefüggéseket jellemző R2 meghatározottsági tényezők a legkisebbek az őszi búza és a talaj 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható K-tartalma között, ami az egyéb tényezők nagyobb szerepére utal.A bemutatott eredmények igazolják, hogy a 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható N-, P- és Kfrakciók alkalmasak a tápanyaghiány és -felesleg jellemzésére. Egyben igazolják, hogy az eltérő ökológiai viszonyok között nagyobb terméskülönbségek jöhetnek létre, mint a kezelések hatására. A környezetkímélő tápanyag-gazdálkodás megköveteli a tápanyagok eltérő érvényesülésének figyelembevételét.A termésadatok átengedéséért köszönet az OMTK Hálózati Tanács elnökének, titkárának, és valamennyi kísérletfelelősnek.

Interrelationships between municipal spatial policy strategy and airport operation and development. Lodz Airport case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nikorowicz-Zatorska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
The One ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Abstract The present paper focuses on spatial management regulations in order to carry out investment in the field of airport facilities. The construction, upgrades, and maintenance of airports falls within the area of responsibility of local authorities. This task poses a great challenge in terms of organisation and finances. On the one hand, an active airport is a municipal landmark and drives local economic, social and cultural development, and on the other, the scale of investment often exceeds the capabilities of local authorities. The immediate environment of the airport determines its final use and prosperity. The objective of the paper is to review legislation that affects airports and the surrounding communities. The process of urban planning in Lodz and surrounding areas will be presented as a background to the problem of land use management in the vicinity of the airport. This paper seeks to address the following questions: if and how airports have affected urban planning in Lodz, does the land use around the airport prevent the development of Lodz Airport, and how has the situation changed over the time? It can be assumed that as a result of lack of experience, land resources and size of investments on one hand and legislative dissonance and peculiar practices on the other, aviation infrastructure in Lodz is designed to meet temporary needs and is characterised by achieving short-term goals. Cyclical problems are solved in an intermittent manner and involve all the municipal resources, so there’s little left to secure long-term investments.

Aspects of the Evolution of the Romanian Tourists’ Preferences Concerning the Domestic Tourist Destinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Aniela Bălăcescu ◽  
Radu Șerban Zaharia
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
On Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Tourist services represent a category of services in which the inseparability of production and consumption, the inability to be storable, the immateriality, and last but not least non-durability, induces in tourism management a number of peculiarities and difficulties. Under these circumstances the development of medium-term strategies involves long-term studies regarding on the one hand the developments and characteristics of the demand, and on the other hand the tourist potential analysis at regional and local level. Although in the past 20 years there has been tremendous growth of on-line booking made by household users, the tour operators agencies as well as those with sales activity continue to offer the specific services for a large number of tourists, that number, in the case of domestic tourism, increased by 1.6 times in case of the tour operators and by 4.44 times in case of the agencies with sales activity. At the same time, there have been changes in the preferences of tourists regarding their holiday destinations in Romania. Started on these considerations, paper based on a logistic model, examines the evolution of the probabilities and scores corresponding to the way the Romanian tourists spend their holidays on the types of tourism agencies, actions and tourist areas in Romania.

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