scholarly journals Derivation of target structure for forests of Norway spruce vegetation zone in Slovakia

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moravčík
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Target Structure ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Basic Objective ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Empirical Material

Forests of the Norway spruce altitudinal vegetation zone occur on the upper limit of tree vegetation and they fulfil important ecological and social functions. A great part of these forests are man-made ones with changed age and spatial structure. The basic objective of the care of these forests is improvement or regeneration of their structure so that it will approach the structure of natural and primeval forests. Maximum fulfilment of their basic functions should be ensured in this way. Therefore following the analysis of our own empirical material the target structure of these forests was derived. Outlook target structure was derived so that it would correspond to the state of the most preserved forest ecosystems occurring in the spruce vegetation zone. Achievable target structure was defined for man-made forests with entirely changed structure.

scholarly journals Derivation of target stocking for forests of Norway spruce vegetation zone in Slovakia

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moravčík
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Forest Limit

The present paper deals with derivation of target stocking in forests of Norway spruce vegetation zone. Target stocking in forests with prevailing ecological and social functions is the stocking when the forest fulfils demanded functions in the best way. For forests in the Norway spruce vegetation zone target stocking was derived by original procedures as an optimum stocking in harmonization of demands on the fulfilment of ecological functions (especially erosion control, hydrological and water protection ones), securing static stability and preconditions for the formation and growth of natural regeneration. We investigated the relations between stocking and indicators of static stability (slenderness coefficient and ratio of crown length to tree height), natural regeneration phases, ground and non-wood vegetation coverage and natural regeneration coverage. The most favourable status of these indicators was found out in stocking 0.7 and in the upper forest limit 0.6.

Invisible Dysontogenesis of X, Y, Z Generations (Transformation of Social Subjectivity Features)

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Igor’ Yu. Sundiev ◽  
◽  
Andrey B. Frolov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Activity ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
And Control

The article analyzes the causes of population dysontogenesis-a hidden process of loss of human subjectivity: the destruction of its psychophysiological and psychosocial qualities necessary for the normal activity of society. Violations caused by unformed structures of the child’s brain during the period of socialization in the family and school are hardly noticeable in a state of comfort, but they manifest themselves under normative and especially peak psychophysiological loads: deviant behaviors, educational failure, deterioration of health and loss of reproductive functions. The consolidation of dysontogenesis in generations X, Y, and Z occurs through international educational standards that simplify educational programs and reduce didactic requirements to a level beyond which pathophenomenes become barely noticeable, but continue to accumulate statistically at the lower limit of the norm. Compensation for impaired functions occurs at the expense of modern means of digital communication-there is a non-specific “swarm” subjectivity: emotionally unstable, easily suggestible representatives of generations Y and Z become the main resource base of extremist and terrorist organizations. The loss of basic social functions of goal-setting and control, empathy and passionarity in generations X, Y, Z, a simplified view of reality, increased lability and network conformism, decreased libido, and redirection of creative energy to the virtual-all this leads to the cessation of reproduction of the properties of society as a system structure. Restoration of systemogenetic development is possible only if the basic functions of the social state — science, education and upbringing-are provided.

scholarly journals Static stability of forest stands in the seventh altitudinal vegetation zone in Slovakia

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Konôpka ◽  
J. Konôpka
Keyword(s):  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Site Class ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Empirical Material

Models evaluating static stability (resistance to breaking or uprooting of trees caused by wind, snow or ice) of forest stands in the seventh altitudinal vegetation zone were determined. The empirical material came from 180 research plots (High Tatra and Low Tatra Mountains) established within the research project Research on methods for mountain forest management based on sustainable Development. Static stability was characterized by the slenderness ratio that was calculated from the mean height and diameter of target trees. Then the particular forest stands were categorized with regard to slenderness ratio, mean diameter and absolute site class using either tables or graphic models. Particularly, four static stability classes were made up: 1 – very good, 2 – good, 3 – sufficient, and 4 – insufficient. Practical application of the models is shown for forest stands grown in the area of Vajsková and Lomnistá valleys.

scholarly journals Norway spruce in forest ecosystems of the Czech Republic in relation to different forest site conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mansfeld
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Technical Discussion

The paper analyses the representation of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) (hereinafter spruce) in relation to different conditions of forest sites. The analysis is based on data from the National Forest Inventory conducted in the Czech Republic in 2001-2004 (hereinafter NFI), stratified according to units of the Forest Site Classification System (Plíva 1971, 2000). Results of the analysis provide a structured image of the current share of spruce. The formerly published information on the natural share of spruce was corroborated and the recommended share of spruce in the target species composition of the spruce management system was analyzed. The analysis documents the applicability of NFI data in the technical discussion concerning the future form of forest ecosystems in the Czech Republic. The results can be used as the groundwork for concrete forest management decision-making and will contribute to the study of the biological diversity of forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Response of the Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) root system to changing humidity and temperature conditions of the site

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mauer ◽  
R. Bagár ◽  
E. Palátová
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Root Vitality ◽  
Equal Height

The Bohemian-Moravian Upland shows a large-scale decline and dieback of Norway spruce up to the forest altitudinal vegetation zone (FAVZ) 5. This phenomenon has been observed in the last 7 years and its progress is rapid. Healthy, declining and standing dry trees of equal height were mutually compared in nine forest stands (aged 3–73 years). These parameters were measured: increment dynamics, root system architecture, biomass, fine root vitality and mycorrhiza, infestation by biotic and abiotic agents. Analyses were done for 414 trees, soil characteristics and weather course data covered the period 1961–2004. Warming and precipitation deficit are the predisposition factors. Weakened trees are aggressively infested by the honey fungus (<I>Armillaria mellea</I>), and they die from root rots. In this paper we describe the mechanism of damage to and dieback of the spruce trees concerned.

scholarly journals Environmental Modelling of Forest Vegetation Zones as A Support Tool for Sustainable Management of Central European Spruce Forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Ivo Machar ◽  
Veronika Vlckova ◽  
Lubomir Salek ◽  
Vilem Pechanec ◽  
Arkadiusz Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Central European ◽  
Vegetation Zones

Abstract The impact of climate change on forest ecosystems may manifest itself by a shift in forest vegetation zones in the landscape northward and into higher elevations. Studies of climate change-induced vegetation zone shifts in forest ecosystems have been relatively rare in the context of European temperate zone (apart from Alpine regions). The presented paper outlines the results of a biogeographic model of climatic conditions in forest vegetation zones applied in the Central European landscape. The objective of the study is a prediction of future silvicultural conditions for the Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), which is one of the principal tree species within European forests. The model is based on a general environmental dependence of forest vegetation zones on the long-term effect of altitudinal and exposure climates defined by the mean and extreme air temperatures and the amount and distribution of atmospheric precipitation. The climatological data for the model were provided by a validated regional climate database for 2010 – 2090 according to the SRES A1B scenario, bound to specific geo-referenced points in the landscape. The geobiocoenological data in the model were provided by the Biogeography Register database which contains ecological data on the landscape bound to individual cadastres of the entire Czech Republic. The biogeographic model applies special programs (the FORTRAN programming language) in the environment of geographic information systems. The model outputs can be clearly graphically visualized as scenarios of predicted future climatic conditions of landscape vegetation zones. Modelling of the regional scenario of changes in the climatic conditions of forest vegetation zones reveals that in the prediction period of 2070 and beyond, good and very good climatic conditions for the cultivation of forests with dominant Norway spruce will be found only in some parts of its today’s native range in forest vegetation zones 5 – 8. Based on the results provided by the regional scenario, the authors of this paper recommend fundamental reassessment of the national strategy of sustainable forest management in the Czech Republic, stipulating that the current practice of spruce cultivation be reduced only to areas specifically defined by the biogeographic model. The paper shows that biogeographic models based on the concept of vegetation zoning can be applied not only in regional scenarios of climate change in the landscape but also as support tools for the creation of strategies of sustainable forest management.

Magnetoreception in microorganisms and fungi

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pazur ◽  
Christine Schimek ◽  
Paul Galland
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Emphasis ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Empirical Material

AbstractThe ability to respond to magnetic fields is ubiquitous among the five kingdoms of organisms. Apart from the mechanisms that are at work in bacterial magnetotaxis, none of the innumerable magnetobiological effects are as yet completely understood in terms of their underlying physical principles. Physical theories on magnetoreception, which draw on classical electrodynamics as well as on quantum electrodynamics, have greatly advanced during the past twenty years, and provide a basis for biological experimentation. This review places major emphasis on theories, and magnetobiological effects that occur in response to weak and moderate magnetic fields, and that are not related to magnetotaxis and magnetosomes. While knowledge relating to bacterial magnetotaxis has advanced considerably during the past 27 years, the biology of other magnetic effects has remained largely on a phenomenological level, a fact that is partly due to a lack of model organisms and model responses; and in great part also to the circumstance that the biological community at large takes little notice of the field, and in particular of the available physical theories. We review the known magnetobiological effects for bacteria, protists and fungi, and try to show how the variegated empirical material could be approached in the framework of the available physical models.

scholarly journals Foreste per il futuro

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-269
Author(s):  
Davide De Laurentis
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Essential Resource

Forests are an essential resource for life on our planet and to provide the welfare for the whole human population living on it. Forest ecosystems are nevertheless hampered by the growing human pressure and by an unsustainable use of natural resources leading to concerning world phenomena, first of all global climatic change, biodiversity loss and soil, ecosystems and habitats degradation. Such issues impact on the structure, composition and balance of forests, so reducing their own capacity to contribute to the solution of the same problems. The situation is so serious to require now a serious rethinking of forest policies and measures to be implemented into the forest sector, in order to imagine, at the 2050 year horizon, more resilient forests adapted to the new climatic conditions and able to provide at their best also the requested vital ecologic, economic and social functions. In such global framework it has to be considered the activity carried out by the Arma dei Carabinieri - Command of Forest Environment and Agrifood Units (CUFA), whose present role is analyzed here, trying to design also future commitments and developments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document