scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic variability of the breed Norik of Muran according to pedigree information

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Halo ◽  
E. Mlyneková ◽  
M. Horná ◽  
M. Ivančíková ◽  
A. Hrdá
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
The Core ◽  
Equivalent Number ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gene Origin

The Norik of Muran, a unique draught horse bred in Slovakia, belongs to country’s biodiversity treasures. The genetic diversity of this horse type was evaluated on the basis of indicators derived from the common ancestry and the probability of gene origin. The pedigree file of the analyzed horses involved 115 individuals (15 stallions and 100 mares). The number of complete generations was 4.49 on average. The maximum number of ancestor generations at the examined population of living horses was 5.38 and the equivalent number in the generation of ancestors was 5.14. The highest average length of the generation interval was 10.97 years in the father–son direction compared to father–daughter (9.74), mother–son (10.87), and mother–daughter (8.99 years – the lowest average length). The generation interval overall average length was 10.14 years. The total coefficient of relatedness was 1.72% on average. The efficient number of core ancestors evenly used in breeding in comparison with the core ancestors mildly decreased to 198. Therefore the Austrian Norik incorporation in the breeding program is the opportunity how to maintain genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Pedigree Analysis of Mangalica Pig Breeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Posta ◽  
Péter Szabó ◽  
István Komlósi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Gene Origin

AbstractAn effective gene conservation programme requires the knowledge of genetic variability of the population. The genetic structure of Mangalica pig breeds (Blonde, Red and Swallow-bellied) was studied from pedigree records. Herdbook data available up to 2011 of registered Mangalica pig breeds (Blonde, Red and Swallow-bellied) were analysed. The number of complete generations was 6 for Blonde and 5 for Red and Swallow-bellied Mangalica whereas the average complete generation equivalent was between 3.51 and 6.01. The average level of inbreeding of the reference population was low (4.07–5.87%). The investigated breeds could be considered as small populations based on the probability of gene origin. The most important ancestor contributed between 9 and 16% of the gene pool of the reference populations. The longest generation interval was found for the sire-to-son pathways whereas the shortest for dam-to-daughter pathways for each breed.

scholarly journals Discriminant Canonical Analysis of the Contribution of Spanish and Arabian Purebred Horses to the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hispano-Arabian Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Carmen Marín Navas ◽  
Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo ◽  
Amy Katherine McLean ◽  
José Manuel León Jurado ◽  
Antonio Rodriguez de la Borbolla y Ruiberriz de Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Canonical Analysis ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Generation Interval

Genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using the historical and current pedigree information of the Arabian (PRá), Spanish Purebred (PRE), and Hispano-Arabian (Há) horse breeds. Genetic diversity parameters were computed and a canonical discriminant analysis was used to determine the contributions of ancestor breeds to the genetic diversity of the Há horse. Pedigree records were available for 207,100 animals born between 1884 and 2019. Nei’s distances and the equivalent subpopulations number indicated the existence of a highly structured, integrated population for the Há breed, which is more closely genetically related to PRá than PRE horses. An increase in the length of the generation interval might be an effective solution to reduce the increase in inbreeding found in the studied breeds (8.44%, 8.50%, and 2.89%, for PRá, PRE, and Há, respectively). Wright’s fixation statistics indicated slight interherd inbreeding. Pedigree completeness suggested genetic parameters were highly reliable. High GCI levels found for number of founders and non-founders and their relationship to the evolution of inbreeding permit controlling potential deleterious negative effects from excessively frequent mating between interrelated individuals. For instance, the use of individuals presenting high GCI may balance founders’ gene contributions and consequently preserve genetic diversity levels (current genetic diversity loss in PRá, PRE, and Há is 6%, 7%, and 4%, respectively).

scholarly journals Genetic variability in wild and hatchery populations of commercially important fish: The common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1468-1474
Author(s):  
MARYAM AHMADI ◽  
HADISEH KASHIRI ◽  
ALI SHABANI ◽  
ABASALI AGHAEI MOGHADAM
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
The Common

Ahmadi M, Kashiri H, Shabani A, Moghadam AA. 2018. Genetic variability in wild and hatchery populations of commerciallyimportant fish: The common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Biodiversitas 19: 1468-1474. Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is considered as oneof the most important bony fish with high economic value in the Caspian sea. Since the population size of common carp has decreasedduring recent decades, restocking of the populations is done through releasing the hatchery-produced larvae into the Caspian Sea. In thepresent study, the genetic diversity of hatchery and wild populations of C. carpio was investigated using eight microsatellite loci(MFW7, MFW9, MFW13, MFW16, MFW17, MFW20, MFW26 and MFW28). A total of 145 different alleles were observed across allloci, with some of them being unique to each population. Although the allelic and gene diversity of hatchery populations tended to belower compared to the wild populations, no significant differences (P>0.05) in genetic diversity parameters were observed among thewild and hatchery populations. In most cases, significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed, mainly because ofthe heterozygosity deficiency. Results from FST, RST and UPGMA analysis showed that the hatchery-reared population was the mostdifferentiated and distant group. The results from this study are anticipated to provide important information for setting up moreefficient strategies in conservation and restocking of C. carpio.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of pacu and piapara broodstocks in restocking programs in the rivers Paraná and Paranapanema (Brazil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Mauricio Lopera-Barrero ◽  
Jayme Aparecido Povh ◽  
Rodolfo Nardez Sirol ◽  
Maria Del Pilar Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽  
Ed Christian Suzuki de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus

The genetic diversity of Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu) and Leporinus elongatus (piapara) broodstocks used in restocking programs in the rivers Paraná and Paranapanema is analyzed. One hundred and twenty specimens (two broodstocks of each species) from fish ponds in Palotina PR Brazil and in Salto Grande SP Brazil were assessed. Ten primers produced 96 fragments, comprising 68 (70.83%) and 94 (97.92%) polymorphic fragments for P. mesopotamicus and L. elongatus broodstocks, respectively. Differences (p < 0.05) in the frequency of 15 and 27 fragments were detected for each species, without exclusive fragments. Shannon Index (0.347 - 0.572) and the percentage of polymorphic fragments (57.3% - 94.8%) revealed high intra-population genetic variability for all broodstocks. Results of molecular variance analyses (AMOVA) showed that most variations do not lie between the broodstocks but within each broodstock (89%). Genetic (0.088 and 0.142) and identity (0.916 and 0.868) distance rates demonstrated similarity between the broodstocks of each species, corroborated by Fst (0.1023 and 010.27) and Nm (4.18 and 4.33) rates, with a slight genetic difference due to genic flux. High intrapopulation genetic variability and similarity between the broodstocks of each species was also detected, proving a common ancestry.

Analysis of population structure and genetic variability in Iranian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using pedigree information

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Genome Equivalent ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients

The objective of this study was to use pedigree analysis to evaluate the population structure, genetic variability and inbreeding in Iranian buffaloes. The analysis was based on the pedigree information of 42 285 buffaloes born from 549 sires and 6376 dams within 1697 herds. Pedigree information used in this study was collected during 1976 to 2012 by the Animal Breeding Centre of Iran. The CFC program was applied to calculate pedigree statistics and genetic structure analysis of the Iranian buffaloes. Also, the INBUPGF90 program was used for calculating regular inbreeding coefficients for individuals in the pedigree. The analysis of pedigree indicated that inbreeding coefficient ranged from 0% to 31% with an average of 3.42% and the trend of inbreeding was significantly positive over the years (P < 0.0001). Average coancestry was increased in recent years and overall generation interval was 6.62 years in Iranian buffaloes. Founder genome equivalent, founder equivalent, effective number of founders and effective number of non-founders were increased from 1976 to 2002, but their values decreased from 2002 onwards. A designed mating system to avoid inbreeding may be applied to this population of buffalo to maintain genetic diversity.

PROFILING OF GUAVA GENOTYPES GROWN IN VIDARBHA CONDITIONS ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. PATIL ◽  
S.G. BHARAD ◽  
S.N. SAWANT
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In the view of this Forty-eight genotypes of seedling origin guava along with 1 check (L-49/Sardar) collected and conserved at germplasm block, Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. P. D. A. University, Akola were evaluated for genetic variability and diversity based on the qualitative characteristics. The genotypes were evaluated for sixteen morphological traitsviz. tree, leaf, floral and fruit traits. Results Show considerable extent of variability amongst the 49 genotypes in each traits. A sizeable amount of intrapopulation diversity recorded can be used to identify diverse parents which can be utilized in hybridization programmes.

ANALYSIS OF GENETIC STRUCTURE OF DOGS OF FRENCH BULLDOG BREED USING MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
S. Kruhlyk ◽  
V. Dzitsiuk ◽  
V. Spyrydonov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Gene Complexes ◽  
French Bulldog

Genetic variability of domestic dogs is a source for effective process of breed formation and creating unique gene complexes. In the world, for preservation of genetic resources of dogs, there are dog training associations which have great confidence: American Club Dog Breeders (AKC), the British Kennel Club (KC) and the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI), aimed at protecting breeding dogs, standards creation, registration of a breed, and issuance of accurate pedigrees. Evaluation of the genetic diversity of dog breeds is able to significantly complement and improve their breeding programs. Since breeds of dog differ in morphological and economic characteristics, the problem of finding of the breed features in the genome of animals is becoming more topical. From this point of view, French Bulldog is an interesting breed of dog (FRANC.BULLDOGGE, FCI standard number 101) which belongs by the classification of breeds, adopted in FCI, to the group IX – a dog-companion for health and fun, but to a subgroup of fighting dogs of a small format. French Bulldog breed has been researched slightly not only in Ukraine and also abroad, as the main work of all dog association is focused on solving theoretical and practical issues of breeding, keeping, feeding, veterinary protection and others. The study was conducted at Research Department of Molecular Diagnostic Tests of Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products. 33 animals of French Bulldog breed, admitted to use in dog breeding of Ukrainian Kennel Union (UKU), were involved for the genetic analysis using DNA markers. The materials of the research were buccal epithelial cells, selected before the morning feeding of animals by scraping mucous membrane of oral cavity with disposable, dry, sterile cotton swab. Genomic DNA was extracted using KIT-set of reagents for DNA isolation according to the manufacturer's instructions. PEZ1, PEZ3, PEZ6, PEZ8, FHC 2010, FHC 2054 markers, recommended by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG), ACN, КC and FCI, were used for research. As a result of research 25 alleles for all the loci were detected in the experimental sample of dogs. The average number of alleles at the locus Na, obtained by direct counting, was 4.16. The most polymorphic loci for this breed were PEZ6 and PEZ3 with 8 and 6 allelic variants. Monomorphic loci were PEZ8 and FHC 2054 which had 4 and 3 alleles and the lowest level of polymorphism was observed for PEZ 1 and FHC 2010 loci in which only 2 alleles were identified. On analyzing the molecular genetic characteristics of dogs of French Bulldog breed, we found a high variability of genotype on rare alleles, which included alleles: M, C, D, E, J, K, L, O, N and representing 60% of the total number of the identified alleles. C, D, E alleles for PEZ3 locus and O allele at PEZ6 locus are unique to the sampling of dogs because they are not repeated in other loci. Typical alleles: N, F, R, I, P, K, M are 40% of the total. But F, R alleles for PEZ3 locus and P allele for locus PEZ6 are not repeated either in standard allelic variants or in rare one, indicating a high information content of these alleles and loci to be used for further monitoring of allele pool, genetic certification and identification of dogs. Microsatellite DNA loci were analyzed as a result of investigations of French Bulldogs and the most informative: PEZ3, PEZ6 and PEZ8 were found, which have high efficiency in individual and breed certification of dogs due to high variability. These data allow further monitoring of the state of genetic diversity of the breed and the development of measures for improvement of breeding to preserve the structure of breeding material. The study of individual and population genetic variability is advisable to continue for breeding of French Bulldogs "in purity" and preserving valuable gene complexes. The results are the basis for further monitoring of the proposed informative panels of microsatellite DNA markers for genotyping dog of French Bulldog breed and their complex evaluation.

Ahara as Pathya and Apathya in Amlapitta - A Review.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshith . ◽  
Shivakumar . ◽  
Sreeharsha . ◽  
Divyasree .
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
The Common

The core principles in Ayurveda give prime importance to Agni, Prakriti, Ahara (food) and Vihara (lifestyle) in maintaining health. Present era people are scheduled to one or the other works due to which they are following unrightful food and habits which lead the manifestation of one of the common disorder which troubles person a lot - Amlapitta. By excess “Hurry, Worry and Curry” GIT disorders are the most common, not only affecting physical health but also psychological and social health. Amlapitta is one of that and it is a burning problem of the whole World. Amalpitta is composed of word Amla and Pitta. Amlapitta is a very common disease caused by Vidagdha Pitta with features like Amlodgara, Tiktodgara, Hrit, Kantha Daha etc. Pathya recommended in Amlapitta are Yava, Godhuma, Purana Shali, Mudga Yusha, Lajasaktu etc. Apathya recommended in Amlapitta are Navanna, Avidugdha, Masha, Kulattha, Dadhi and etc. So this present review article throws light on Pathya (conducive) and Apathya (non conducive) in Amlapitta.

The Logicism of Frege, Dedekind, and Russell

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Demopoulos ◽  
Peter Clark
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Synthetic A Priori ◽  
The Common

This article is organized around logicism's answers to the following questions: What is the basis for our knowledge of the infinity of the numbers? How is arithmetic applicable to reality? Why is reasoning by induction justified? Although there are, as is seen in this article, important differences, the common thread that runs through all three of the authors discussed in this article their opposition to the Kantian thesis that reflection on reasoning with mere concepts (i.e., without attention to intuitions formed a priori) can never succeed in providing satisfactory answers to these three questions. This description of the core of the view differs from more usual formulations which represent the opposition to Kant as an opposition to the contention that mathematics in general, and arithmetic in particular, are synthetic a priori rather than analytic.

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