scholarly journals The arsenic speciation transformation in artificially arsenic-contaminated fluvo-aquic soil (Beijing, China)

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zeng ◽  
Q. He ◽  
L. Bai ◽  
L. Li ◽  
S. Su
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Beijing China

Arsenic (As) speciation transformation often accompanies adsorption-desorption when exogenous arsenide is poured into soil. Disregarding the speciation transformation when evaluating adsorption-desorption of As can greatly influence the experimental results. In this study, batch experiments were conducted, and the results indicated that exogenous monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) or dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) added to fluvo-aquic soil collected from agricultural area in Beijing of China, was completely converted into As(V) after cultivated for<br />60 or 90 days. However, when exogenous As(V) was added to the soil, no speciation transformation of As(V) was observed. Furthermore, although the total As concentration, which was 6.55 or 11.55 mg/kg in aqueous extracts of the soil to which MMA or DMA had been added, respectively, remained stable after cultivated for 30 or 60 days, the As speciation transformation of MMA or DMA into As(V) in soil still occurred. Differences in As speciation can result in different fates and behaviors of As in soil, and As speciation transformation should be taken into account when evaluating the adsorption-desorption of As.

scholarly journals Arsenic speciation in beverages by direct injection-ion chromatography hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Moreno ◽  
C Cámara ◽  
W. T. Corns ◽  
D. W. Bryce ◽  
P. B. Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Matrix Interferences ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid

The procedure developed allows the direct speciation of arsenic in these samples with good sensitivity, selectivity, precision and accuracy. Detection limits determined using the optimized conditions were found to be between 0.16 and 2.9 ng ml−1for arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid and arsenate, while standard addition studies showed that the procedure is free from matrix interferences. As no certified reference materials are available for these analytes or matrices, validation was carried out by studying spike recoveries and by comparison of results with an alternative technique.

Arsenic Speciation in Urine from Humans Intoxicated by Inorganic Arsenic Compounds

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Lovell ◽  
J.G. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
Detoxification Mechanism

Trends in the urinary concentrations of the four arsenic species, pentavalent [As (V)] and trivalent [As (III)] inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), were followed for several days subsequent to the acute intoxication of two human subjects by arsenic trioxide [As (III)2O3] and sodium orthoarsenate [Na2HAs(V)O4.7H2O], respectively, in unsuccessful suicide attempts. Total arsenic concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 18.7 mg/l. The increasing predominance of the less toxic methylated species, especially DMAA, after 3 or 4 days supports the concept of methylation as a natural detoxification mechanism as part of an overall reduction/methylation sequence involved in the biotransformation of inorganic arsenic by the human body. However, the additional possibility of oxidation of As(III) to As(V) in vivo under extreme immediate postingestion conditions is suggested by initial high urinary As(V) after arsenic trioxide intoxication. Relative proportions of As(V), As(III), MMAA and DMAA in both cases probably reflect species-dependent differences in rates of direct elimination and reactivity with tissues as well as the efficiency of methylation.

scholarly journals Sample Preparation and Storage Can Change Arsenic Speciation in Human Urine

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1988-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Feldmann ◽  
Vivian W-M Lai ◽  
William R Cullen ◽  
Mingsheng Ma ◽  
Xiufen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Background: Stability of chemical speciation during sample handling and storage is a prerequisite to obtaining reliable results of trace element speciation analysis. There is no comprehensive information on the stability of common arsenic species, such as inorganic arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, and arsenobetaine, in human urine. Methods: We compared the effects of the following storage conditions on the stability of these arsenic species: temperature (25, 4, and −20 °C), storage time (1, 2, 4, and 8 months), and the use of additives (HCl, sodium azide, benzoic acid, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride). HPLC with both inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and hydride generation atomic fluorescence detection techniques were used for the speciation of arsenic. Results: We found that all five of the arsenic species were stable for up to 2 months when urine samples were stored at 4 and −20 °C without any additives. For longer period of storage (4 and 8 months), the stability of arsenic species was dependent on urine matrices. Whereas the arsenic speciation in some urine samples was stable for the entire 8 months at both 4 and −20 °C, other urine samples stored under identical conditions showed substantial changes in the concentration of As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid. The use of additives did not improve the stability of arsenic speciation in urine. The addition of 0.1 mol/L HCl (final concentration) to urine samples produced relative changes in inorganic As(III) and As(V) concentrations. Conclusions: Low temperature (4 and −20 °C) conditions are suitable for the storage of urine samples for up to 2 months. Untreated samples maintain their concentration of arsenic species, and additives have no particular benefit. Strong acidification is not appropriate for speciation analysis.

scholarly journals Importance of monitoring arsenic methylation metabolism in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients receiving the treatment of arsenic trioxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Yuan-Fei Mao ◽  
Hui-Jin Zhao ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Li-Ning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Methylation Index ◽  
Arsenic Methylation

Abstract Background Arsenic trioxide [ATO, inorganic arsenite (iAsIII) in solution] plays an important role in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the long-term adverse effects (AEs) and the retention of arsenic among APL patients are rarely reported. In this study, we focused on arsenic methylation metabolism and its relationship with chronic hepatic toxicity, as we previously reported, among APL patients who had finished the treatment of ATO. Methods A total of 112 de novo APL patients who had completed the ATO-containing treatment were enrolled in the study. Arsenic species [iAsIII, inorganic arsenate (iAsV), and their organic metabolites, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)] in patients’ plasma, urine, hair and nails were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). Eighteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the arsenic (+ 3 oxidative state) methylation transferase (AS3MT) gene, which was known as the main catalyzer for arsenic methylation, were tested with the polymerase chain reaction method. Results The study showed the metabolic pattern of arsenic in APL patients undergoing and after the treatment of ATO, in terms of total arsenic (TAs) and four species of arsenic. TAs decreased to normal after 6 months since cessation of ATO. But the arsenic speciation demonstrated significantly higher portion of iAsIII in patient’s urine (40.08% vs. 1.94%, P < 0.001), hair (29.25% vs. 13.29%, P = 0.002) and nails (30.21% vs. 13.64%, P = 0.003) than the healthy controls’, indicating a decreased capacity of arsenic methylation metabolism after the treatment of ATO. Urine primary methylation index (PMI) was significantly lower in patients with both chronic liver dysfunction (0.14 vs. 0.28, P = 0.047) and hepatic steatosis (0.19 vs. 0.3, P = 0.027), suggesting that insufficient methylation of arsenic might be related to chronic liver disorders. Two SNPs (A9749G and A27215G) of the AS3MT gene were associated with impaired urine secondary methylation index (SMI). Conclusions The long-term follow-up of arsenic speciation indicated a decreased arsenic methylation metabolism and a probable relationship with chronic hepatic disorders among APL patients after the cessation of ATO. Urine PMI could be a monitoring index for chronic AEs of ATO, and the SNPs of AS3MT gene should be considered when determining the dosage of ATO.

scholarly journals Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manus Carey ◽  
Caroline Meharg ◽  
Paul Williams ◽  
Ernest Marwa ◽  
Xiao Jiujin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
South American ◽  
Global Sourcing ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Eastern Hemisphere

AbstractArsenic in rice grain is dominated by two species: the carcinogen inorganic arsenic (the sum of arsenate and arsenite) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Rice is the dominant source of inorganic arsenic into the human diet. As such, there is a need to identify sources of low-inorganic arsenic rice globally. Here we surveyed polished (white) rice across representative regions of rice production globally for arsenic speciation. In total 1180 samples were analysed from 29 distinct sampling zones, across 6 continents. For inorganic arsenic the global $$\tilde{x}$$ x ~ was 66 μg/kg, and for DMA this figure was 21 μg/kg. DMA was more variable, ranging from < 2 to 690 μg/kg, while inorganic arsenic ranged from < 2 to 399 μg/kg. It was found that inorganic arsenic dominated when grain sum of species was < 100 μg/kg, with DMA dominating at higher concentrations. There was considerable regional variance in grain arsenic speciation, particularly in DMA where temperate production regions had higher concentrations. Inorganic arsenic concentrations were relatively consistent across temperate, subtropical and northern hemisphere tropical regions. It was only in southern hemisphere tropical regions, in the eastern hemisphere that low-grain inorganic arsenic is found, namely East Africa ($$\tilde{x}$$ x ~  < 10 μg/kg) and the Southern Indonesian islands ($$\tilde{x}$$ x ~  < 20 μg/kg). Southern hemisphere South American rice was universally high in inorganic arsenic, the reason for which needs further exploration.

Anaerobic Biotransformation of Organoarsenical Pesticides Monomethylarsonic Acid and Dimethylarsinic Acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 3959-3966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyes Sierra-Alvarez ◽  
Umur Yenal ◽  
Jim A. Field ◽  
Mike Kopplin ◽  
A. Jay Gandolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Biotransformation

scholarly journals Effect of arsenosugar ingestion on urinary arsenic speciation

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingsheng Ma ◽  
X Chris Le
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Abstract We developed and evaluated a method for the determination of μg/L concentrations of individual arsenic species in urine samples. We have mainly studied arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) because these are the most commonly used biomarkers of exposure by the general population to inorganic arsenic and because of concerns over these arsenic species on their toxicity and carcinogenicity. We have also detected five unidentified urinary arsenic species resulting from the metabolism of arsenosugars. We combined ion pair liquid chromatography with on-line hydride generation and subsequent atomic fluorescence detection (HPLC/HGAFS). Detection limits, determined as three times the standard deviation of the baseline noise, are 0.8, 1.2, 0.7, and 1.0 μ/L arsenic for arsenite, arsenate, MMAA, and DMAA, respectively. These correspond to 16, 24, 14, and 20 pg of arsenic, respectively, for a 20-μL sample injected for analysis. The excellent detection limit enabled us to determine trace concentrations of arsenic species in urine samples from healthy subjects who did not have excess exposure to arsenic. There was no need for any sample pretreatment step. We used Standard Reference Materials, containing both normal and increased concentrations of arsenic, to validate the method. Interlaboratory studies with independent techniques also confirmed the results obtained with the HPLC/HGAFS method. We demonstrated an application of the method to the determination of arsenic species in urine samples after the ingestion of seaweed by four volunteers. We observed substantial increases of DMAA concentrations in the samples collected from the volunteers after the consumption of seaweed. The increase of urinary DMAA concentration is due to the metabolism of arsenosugars that are present in the seaweed. Our results suggest that the commonly used biomarkers of exposure to inorganic arsenic, based on the measurement of arsenite, arsenate, MMAA, and DMAA, are not reliable when arsenosugars are ingested from the diet.

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