scholarly journals Evaluation of crop yield under different nitrogen doses of mineral fertilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Matějková ◽  
J. Kumhálová ◽  
J. Lipavský
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Different Doses

Yields of winter wheat, winter rape and oats were evaluated in the field; the field was divided into the site-specific zones and treated with variable doses of nitrogen fertilizer in years 2004–2006. Measurements of the yields were carried out with a yield monitor placed in a combine harvester. The measured data were processed into the yield maps by means of ArcGIS 9.2 software. Variable application of fertilizer should balance yield potential of the field. Generally, total yield variability on the field after the application of various doses of experimental fertilizer was similar in the years 2004 (11.3%), 2005 (14.7%) and 2006 (11.7%) in comparison with the year 2003 (25.02%). Variable application of nitrogen in the site-specific zones, created on the basis of the yield levels, decreased the yield variability in comparison with the uniform dose. Different doses of nitrogen fertilizer also enabled to increase utilization of production potential of the experimental field.

scholarly journals Influence of the use of slow-release phosphate fertilizers on the growth and production of chili peppers

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Leandro Alves Macedo ◽  
Brendo de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
André Cabral França ◽  
Levy Tadin Sardinha ◽  
Ana Flávia Leão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilization

In general, fertilization recommendations for pepper are old and scarce. Because pepper is a semi-perennial crop with high yield potential and dependence on phosphorus (P), an extremely important element, as it participates in several metabolic processes, it is necessary to look for efficient alternatives for phosphatefertilization, due to its low availability and high adsorption capacity in most Brazilian soils. Slow-release fertilizers have been shown to be an excellent alternative to conventional mineral fertilization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sources of P on growth and yield of hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the JK campus of UFVJM, Diamantina -MG, Brazil, arranged in a completely randomized design with eleven treataments(absence of fertilization, mineral treatment, organic treatment and four slow-release phosphate sources: pelleted organomineral, granulated organomineral, MAP coated and triple formulated, at doses of 150 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5). Growth variables, fresh and dry matter accumulation and yield were evaluated 180 days after planting. The pelleted and granulated organomineral treatments at the dose of 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5,promoted the best results for the parameters dry mass of root, number of fruits per plant, fresh and dry mass of fruits and total yield. Such results can be explained by the better efficiency of P release and the better absorptionof this nutrient by the plant, making it an excellent option in relation to conventional sources commonly adopted.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Wheat Yield Variability Based on Experimental Data from 2008–2018 to Understand the Yield Gap

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Wójcik-Gront ◽  
Marzena Iwańska ◽  
Agnieszka Wnuk ◽  
Tadeusz Oleksiak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Among European countries, Poland has the largest gap in the grain yield of winter wheat, and thus the greatest potential to reduce this yield gap. This paper aims to recognize the main reasons for winter wheat yield variability and shed the light on possible reasons for this gap. We used long-term datasets (2008–2018) from individual commercial farms obtained by the Laboratory of Economics of Seed and Plant Breeding of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR)-National Research Institute (Poland) and the experimental fields with high, close to potential yield, in the Polish Post-Registration Variety Testing System in multi-environmental trials. We took into account environment, management and genetic variables. Environment was considered through soil class representing soil fertility. For the crop management, the rates of mineral fertilization, the use of pesticides and the type of pre-crop were considered. Genotype was represented by the independent variable year of cultivar registration or year of starting its cultivation in Poland. The analysis was performed using the CART (Classification and Regression Trees). The winter wheat yield variability was mostly dependent on the amount of nitrogen fertilization applied, soil quality, and type of pre-crop. Genetic variable was also important, which means that plant breeding has successfully increased genetic yield potential especially during the last several years. In general, changes to management practices are needed to lower the variability of winter wheat yield and possibly to close the yield gap in Poland.

scholarly journals Site‐specific nitrogen balances based on spatially variable soil and plant properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mittermayer ◽  
August Gilg ◽  
Franz-Xaver Maidl ◽  
Ludwig Nätscher ◽  
Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Nitrate Losses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Collection Methods

AbstractIn this study, site-specific N balances were calculated for a 13.1 ha heterogeneous field. Yields and N uptake as input data for N balances were determined with data from a combine harvester, reflectance measurements from satellites and tractor-mounted sensors. The correlations between the measured grain yields and yields determined by digital methods were moderate. The calculated values for the N surpluses had a wide range within the field. Nitrogen surpluses were calculated from − 76.4 to 91.3 kg ha−1, with a mean of 24.0 kg ha−1. The use of different data sources and data collection methods had an impact on the results of N balancing. The results show the need for further optimization and improvement in the accuracy of digital methods. The factors influencing N uptake and N surplus were determined by analysing soil properties of georeferenced soil samples. Soil properties showed considerable spatial variation within the field. Soil organic carbon correlated very strongly with total nitrogen content (r = 0.97), moderately with N uptake (sensor, r = 0.60) and negatively with N surplus (satellite, r = − 0.46; sensor, r = − 0.56; harvester, r = − 0.60). Nitrate content was analysed in soil cores (0 to 9 m) taken in different yield zones, and compared with the calculated N surplus; there was a strong correlation between the measured nitrate content and calculated N surplus (r = 0.82). Site-specific N balancing can contribute to a more precise identification of the risk of nitrate losses and the development of targeted nitrate reduction strategies.

Effect of Heterogeneous Field Conditions on Corn Seeding Depth Accuracy and Uniformity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelie M. Poncet ◽  
John P. Fulton ◽  
Timothy P. McDonald ◽  
Thorsten Knappenberger ◽  
Joey N. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Unit Depth ◽  
Planter Performance ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Abstract. Optimization of planter performance such as uniform seeding depth is required to maximize crop yield potential. Typically, seeding depth is manually adjusted prior to planting by selecting a row-unit depth and a row-unit downforce to ensure proper seed-soil contact. Once set, row-unit depth and downforce are usually not adjusted again for a field although soil conditions may vary. Optimization of planter performance requires automated adjustments of planter settings to varying soil conditions, but development of precision technologies with such capabilities requires a better understanding of soil-planter interactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate seeding depth response to varying soil conditions between and within fields and to discuss implications for development and implementation of active planting technologies. A 6-row John Deere MaxEmerge Plus planter equipped with heavy-duty downforce springs was used to plant corn ( L.) in central Alabama during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Three depths (4.4, 7.0, and 9.5 cm) and three downforces (corresponding to an additional row-unit weight of 0.0, 1.1, and 1.8 kN) were selected to represent common practices. Depth and downforce were not readjusted between fields and growing seasons. Seeding depth was measured after emergence. Corn seeding depth significantly varied with heterogeneous soil conditions between and within fields and the planter failed to achieve uniform seeding depth across a field. Differences in corn seeding depth between fields and growing seasons were as high as 2.1 cm for a given depth and downforce combination. Corn seeding depth significantly co-varied with field elevation but not with volumetric soil water content. Seeding depth varied with elevation at a rate ranging from -0.1 cm/m to -0.6 cm/m. Seeding depth co-variation to field elevation account for some but not all site-specific seeding depth variability identified within each field trial. These findings provide a better understanding of site-specific seeding depth variability and issues to address for the development of site-specific planting technologies to control seeding depth accuracy and improve uniformity. Keywords: Depth control, Downforce, Planter, Precision agriculture, Seeding depth, Uniformity.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) (SCHEFF.) FRUIT PERICARP EXTRACT ON INOS IN MICE COLON INTERMITTENTLY-INDUCED BY DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Kusmardi Kusmardi ◽  
Dilla Shavera ◽  
Ari Estuningtyas ◽  
Aryo Tedjo ◽  
Bambang Priyosoeryanto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Fruit Pericarp ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Different Doses

  Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Mahkota Dewa fruit pericarp extract (Phaleria macrocarpa) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mice colon induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).Method: The simplisia of P. macrocarpa pericarp was weighed (1000 g) and extracted by maceration process. The total yield of the ethanolic extract was 26.43%. Phytochemical screening was carried out for the detection of the phytoconstituents by simple qualitative methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed by DSS-induced colitis model through assessment of hematoxylin-eosin staining and expression of iNOS by immunohistochemistry assay at four different doses, i.e., 650, 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg. Swiss Webster male mice weighing 25-30 g were used for the study.Results: Inflammation score in dose 625, 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg were 1.63, 1.43, 1.32, and 2.20, respectively. This result is significantly different (p=0.008) with DSS group that was 4.37. The results of iNOS optical density score in dose 625, 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg were 1.21, 1.119, 1.22, and 1.37, respectively. This result was significantly different (p=0.000) with DSS group that was 2.24.Conclusion: Pericarp extract of P. macrocarpa fruit exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in the experimental model shown by suppressing the expression of inflammatory cell and iNOS. 

Influence of Combine Harvester Forward and Reel Speeds on Wheat Harvesting Losses in Gezira Scheme (Sudan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer A. Abdalla ◽  
Mohamed. H. Dahab ◽  
Mukhtar M. Musa ◽  
Eltayeb S. N. Babikir
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Plot Design

The present study was conducted at the demonstration farm of Massaed Technology Transfer Center, Gezira State, during 2016/2017, to evaluate the effect of combine harvester forward and reel speed on wheat harvesting losses (total header, processing and total machine losses). Three combine harvester forward speeds (4, 5 and 6 km/h), and three reel speeds (25, 35 and 45 rpm) were used in the experiment, which was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The results showed that forward speed 4 km/h with reel speed 25 rpm recorded the lowest total header losses (31.8 kg/ha) while the highest losses (90.1 kg/ha) was recorded by the forward speed 6 km/h and reel seed 25 rpm. The lowest processing losses was obtained from the forward speed 6 km/h with reel speed 25 rpm (13.2 kg/ha) while the highest was recorded by the forward speed 4 km/h with the reel speed 45 rpm (38.2 kg/ha). Forward speed 4 km/h with reel speed 25 rpm recorded the lowest total machine losses (56.7 kg/ha) which represents 9.5% of the total yield as compared to 118.0 kg/ha which represents 19.67% of the total yield recorded by the same speed with 45 rpm reel speed. It was concluded that the forward speed 4 km/h with reel speed 25 rpm was appropriate for reducing combined wheat harvesting losses under Gezira Scheme conditions.

Effects of Different Doses of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Chemical Composition of Zamboo Grass

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sarkar ◽  
S.S. Islam . ◽  
Z.H. Khandaker . ◽  
S.M.E. Ershad . ◽  
A. Ashraf . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Different Doses
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