scholarly journals Influence of elevated content of cadmium and arsenic in diet containing feeding yeast on organisms of rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Száková ◽  
V. Zídek ◽  
D. Miholová
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Natural Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The influence of elevated cadmium content in diet on the content of this element in liver, kidney and testes of 68 male rats was studied in dependence on the chemical form of applied cadmium (as inorganic salt – CdCl<sub>2</sub> and organically bound in yeast cells); the influence of elevated arsenic content (as NaAsO<sub>2</sub>) in diet on its content in the same organs was also investigated. The interactions between arsenic and cadmium in the above-mentioned organs were studied. The addition of cadmium to the diet of rats significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) increased cadmium content in several organs. The addition of yeast containing the natural level of Cd increased the content of cadmium in liver and kidney of experimental animals significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05). A significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) increased cadmium accumulation in organs was observed after the addition of Cd as CdCl<sub>2</sub>, compared with the addition of Cd as organically bound Cd in yeast cells. At the same time, the addition of yeasts containing the natural level of Cd decreased the Cd accumulation applied as CdCl2 in the examined organs. The addition of sodium arsenite to the diet of rats led to a significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) increased arsenic content in all the analyzed organs. The addition of yeasts to the diet increased arsenic content in liver and at the same time suppressed its content in kidneys of experimental animals. The interaction between arsenic and cadmium applied simultaneously was evident. The addition of As to the diet decreased the accumulation of Cd in kidney and increased its accumulation in testes. The addition of Cd to the diet increased arsenic content in liver and kidney and decreased its content in testes.

Effects of Silcon on Growth and Cadmium Accumulation by Flue-Cured Tobacco

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Yan Fang Ren ◽  
Jun Yu He ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Yan Chao Zhang ◽  
Hui Qing Chang
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Translocation

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) is able to accumulate cadmium in leaves and reduction of cadmium content can reduce health hazards to smokers. In the present study, the influence of silicon on the growth, yield and the content and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in flue-cured tobacco plants in the presence of cadmium was investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that Cd reduced the growth of both shoots and roots. Application of Si significantly increased the dry weight of roots and shoots in flue-cured tobacco grown in Cd contaminated soils, but not the largest leaf area. Si reduced the Cd concentration and accumulation in the root, stem and leaf of flue-cured tobacco compared with Cd alone. Si restricted the transport of Cd from roots to shoots. These results demonstrate that 1 and 2 g/kg Si could enhance Cd tolerance in flue-cured tobacco and decrease of Cd accumulation in plant and Cd translocation to shoots.

scholarly journals Histopathological alterations in testicular tissue of male rats exposed to arsenic

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Reema Pachnanda ◽  
Shiv Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Testicular Weight

The present study was designed to investigate the adverse effect of arsenic on testicular tissue of Swiss albino male rats. Sodium arsenite was administered to adult male rats by gavage at the doses 1, 2 and 3 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. After the treatment, the testis were processed for histopathological observations. Sodium arsenite caused remarkable reduction in testicular weight (P<0.05), while the body weight of experimental animals were reduced but not significantly (P<0.05). Histological evaluation revealed dose-dependent, gradual destruction in histoarchitecture of testicular tissue. Sodium arsenite exposure caused complete arrest of spermatogenesis with disfigured seminiferous tubules in the testes .The lumens of the tubules were devoid of spermatids and were in places filled with cellular debris. The germinal epithelium was distorted. At places interstitial odema was also evident. Sertoli and Leydig cells were damaged. Along with structural alterations, fertility rate in experimental animals was significantly decreased at higher doses i.e. 2 and 3 mg/kg, as 100% infertility was observed. After withdrawal of the treatment over a period of 30 days, recovery was observed in low dose groups as few female rats became pregnant. The study concluded that exposure of arsenic causes testicular toxicity in male albino rat.

Meta-analysis of experiments investigating cadmium accumulation in the liver and kidney of sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
S. H. Prankel ◽  
R. M. Nixon ◽  
C. J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Individual

Cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the human food chain and poses a risk of kidney dysfunction (Fanconi Syndrome) and bone disorders in humans. The margin of safety between typical Cd intakes by humans and levels associated with toxicity is smaller than for other metals. Consumption of just one sheep kidney could cause an average adult person to exceed their Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake. However, the rate of accumulation in sheep’s liver and kidney, the primary target organs for Cd accumulation, is unclear. This makes prediction of the effects of varying Cd intake by sheep on the Cd concentration in these organs difficult. We undertook a meta-analysis of independent feeding trials, which sought to integrate previous findings in order to review existing legislation on permitted levels of Cd in animal feeds and organs. Resulting predictions on Cd accumulation in sheep liver and kidneys are applicable to the broad set of exposure situations investigated in the individual studies.

scholarly journals Comparative and Systematic Omics Revealed Low Cd Accumulation of Potato StMTP9 in Yeast: Suggesting a New Mechanism for Heavy Metal Detoxification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10478
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Guandi He ◽  
Weijun Tian ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Detoxification ◽  
Metal Regulation ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
First Time

The metal tolerance protein (MTP) family is a very old family with evolutionary conservation and less specific amplification. It seems to retain the original functions of the ancestral genes and plays an important role in maintaining metal homeostasis in plant cells. We identified the potato MTP family members for the first time, the specific and conservative StMPTs were discovered by using systematic and comparative omics. To be surprised, members of the StMTP family seem to have mutated before the evolution of dicotyledon and monocotyledon, and even the loss of the entire subfamily (subfamily G6, G7). Interestingly, StMTP9 represents the conserved structure of the entire subfamily involved in toxic metal regulation. However, the gene structure and transmembrane domain of StMTP8 have undergone specific evolution, showing that the transmembrane domain (Motif13) located at the NH2 terminal has been replaced by the signal peptide domain, so it was selected as the control gene of StMTP9. Through real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis of StMTPs under Cd and Zn stress, a co-expression network was constructed, and it was found that StMTP9 responded significantly to Cd stress, while StMTP8 did the opposite. What excites us is that by introducing StMTPs 8/9 into the ∆ycf1 yeast cadmium-sensitive mutant strain, the functional complementation experiment proved that StMTPs 8/9 can restore Cd tolerance. In particular, StMTP9 can greatly reduce the cadmium content in yeast cells, while StMTP8 cannot. These findings provide a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of potato toxic metal accumulation.

The protective role of luteolin against the methotrexate-induced hepato-renal toxicity via its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712199190
Author(s):  
AA Dar ◽  
A Fehaid ◽  
S Alkhatani ◽  
S Alarifi ◽  
WS Alqahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

Methotrexate (MTX) is frequently used drug in treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, MTX has many side effects including the hepato-renal toxicity. In this study, we hypothesized that Luteolin (Lut) exhibits protective effect against the MTX-induced hepato-renal toxicity. In order to investigate our hypothesis, the experiment was designed to examine the effect of exposure of male rats to MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p., at day 9) alone or together with Lut (50 mg/kg, oral for 14 days) compared to the control rats (received saline). The findings demonstrated that MTX treatment induced significant increases in the liver and kidney functions markers in serum samples including Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, urea and uric acid. MTX also mediated an oxidative stress expressed by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreased level of reduced glutathione (GSH), antioxidant enzyme activities, and downregulation of the Nrf2 gene expression as an antioxidant trigger. Moreover, the inflammatory markers (NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β) were significantly elevated upon MTX treatment. In addition, MTX showed an apoptotic response mediated by elevating the pro-apoptotic (Bax) and lowering the anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins. All of these changes were confirmed by the observed alterations in the histopathological examination of the hepatic and renal tissues. Lut exposure significantly reversed all the MTX-induced changes in the measured parameters suggesting its potential protective role against the MTX-induced toxicity. Finally, our findings concluded the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Lut as a mechanism of its protective role against the MTX-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats.

scholarly journals Concentration-Dependent Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid in Chickens

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Nadežda Berzina ◽  
Jurijs Markovs ◽  
Mirdza Apsīte ◽  
Svetlana Vasiļjeva ◽  
Galina Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress, cadmium accumulation in organs, immune system activity and kidney function in chickens were investigated. The treatment groups of chickens were fed either plain diet or diet supplemented with ascorbic acid at 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for four weeks. Liver and kidney tissues were assayed for cadmium concentration, and the hepatic levels of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA; the oxidised form), malondialdehyde, glutathione, activity of glutathione peroxidase, blood serum uric acid, creatinine, lysozyme and circulating immune complexes were measured. Supplementation with a high dose of ascorbic acid (1000 and 2000 mg/kg in the diet) caused an imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative activities, and induced a suppressive effect on innate immunity. The results suggest that oxidative stress compromises renal function. We observed that ascorbic acid increased cadmium accumulation in a dose-dependent manner.

OVULATORY DISCHARGE OF GONADOTROPHINS INDUCED BY HYPOTHALAMIC STIMULATION IN CASTRATED MALE RATS BEARING A TRANSPLANTED OVARY

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moll ◽  
G. H. Zeilmaker
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Stimulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Cumulus Oophorus ◽  
Dc Current ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Castrated young adult inbred male rats bearing ovarian transplants were subjected to electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. This was done in order to investigate whether discharge of ovulatory amounts of gonadotrophins could be induced in such male animals by this procedure. Bilateral stimulations with unipolar electrodes and a DC current of 1.5 mA applied during 10 seconds induced in the ovarian grafts histological changes indicating the discharge of ovulatory amounts of gonadotrophins. In animals killed one day after stimulation these changes consisted of displacement of the ova towards the centre of the follicles with loosening of the cumulus oophorus. In one animal the ova had left the follicles. In animals killed three days after stimulation numerous young corpora lutea could be observed. These results were obtained with electrode tips either close to the median eminence, or in the preoptic area. Shamstimulations were ineffective. Some of the experimental animals received progesterone pretreatment. This rendered the stimulations ineffective, if continued until the day preceding stimulation, but seemed without effect on the results of stimulation, if two or three days without progesterone preceded the stimulations.

The Obesogenic Potency of Various High-Caloric Diet Compositions in Male Rats, and Their Effects on Expression of Liver and Kidney Proteins Involved in Drug Elimination

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 1650-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abdussalam ◽  
Osama H. Elshenawy ◽  
Yousef A. bin Jardan ◽  
Ayman O.S. El-Kadi ◽  
Dion R. Brocks
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Drug Elimination ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Caloric Diet

The Effect of Sodium Nitrite on Experimental Animals

1942 ◽  
Vol 6a (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. A. Tarr ◽  
N. M. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Healthy Female

Incorporation of sodium nitrite in the diet of cats and white rats on the basis of an average sized man consuming 1 lb. (454 g.) of fish containing 0.2 per cent (908 mg.) of this salt daily for six days each week does not appear to affect their growth rate nor the development (weight) of their thyroid, heart, lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys or adrenals. The fecundity of white rats as judged by their ability to breed and raise normal litters is apparently not affected thereby. The lethal dose of sodium nitrite by oral route is about 1.1 to 2.0 g./kg. for healthy male rats, 0.46 to 1.2 g./kg. for healthy female rats and 0.073 g./kg. for cats (one animal). The lethal dose by subcutaneous route is about 0.19 to 0.20 g./kg. for healthy male rats and 0.057 to 0.13 g./kg. for healthy female rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Coating with TiO2 Nanoparticles as an Option for the Improvement of the Characteristics of NiTi Archwires: Histopathological, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Morán-Martínez ◽  
Roberto Beltrán del Río-Parra ◽  
Nadia Denys Betancourt-Martínez ◽  
Rubén García-Garza ◽  
Joel Jiménez-Villarreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Times ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

For the EPD, different voltages and different times were used. Male rats were used in four groups (n=3) with different treatments. The blood sample was obtained for genotoxic analysis and liver and kidney organs were removed for histopathological analysis. The amount of NPs TiO2 deposited on the samples of the arches increases gradually in the times of 15 and 30 s. At all voltages, however, at 45, 60, 75, and 90 s, there is an increase up to 25 V. Cell viability in lymphocytes treated with TiO2 NPs did not cause genotoxicity. In the histopathological findings of hepatic and renal tissue, nuclear alterations and necrosis were observed. The objective of the study was to improve the physical and biocompatibility characteristics of the NiTi arches for which the EPD is used. The technique for the deposition of TiO2 NPs was used, where this technique could be used as an economical and versatile way to perform homogeneous depositions even on surfaces with the complexity of the NiTi alloy. As for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, we continue to have controversial results.

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