scholarly journals Growth and physiological performance responses to drought stress under non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Qin ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
F. Hu ◽  
H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Change Tendency ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

A field experiment was performed to investigate the growth performance and the growth stage-dependent changes in activities of antioxidative enzymes and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of rice subjected to treatment with (NF-M) or without straw mulching (NF-WM) under non-flooded conditions compared with continuously flooded treatment (CF). Compared with the NF-WM treatment, mulch application significantly increased the flag leaf area per plant before heading, tillers number and plant height at the early period of tillering stage. There was no significant difference between the yield of the NF-WM and CF treatment. However, the yield of NF-WM treatment was significantly lower than CF and NF-M treatments. Significantly higher activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) but lower concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in straw mulching treatment than in treatment without mulching at elongation, heading and grain filling stages. The change tendency of antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA level was in line both with soil moisture status and rice yields of different treatments.

scholarly journals Analyse Genotypique De La Contribution De La Matiere Assimilée Du Pedoncule Dans Le Remplissage Du Grain Chez Le Ble Dur (Triticum Durum D.E.S.F.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Kahali ◽  
Abdelhamid Djekoun
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Significant Difference

In a part of study on morpho-physiological characterization in durum wheat; we were interested in quantifying the stem dry matter produced after anthesis and its contribution in the grain filling. When the climatic conditions are unfavorable ; the photosynthetic activity of the post-anthesis is reduced. The plant then uses the assimilates stored in the stem to increase its filling rate of grain. Thus, the behavior of four varieties of durum wheat is analyzed in the field using different parameters: (i) relative water content (RWC) of the flag leaf (ii) dry weight development of the grains (iii) peduncle assimilated dry matter contribution in the grain filling. The leaf water status, appreciated by measuring the RWC, is an indicator of the photosynthetic apparatus functioning. The measured values showed a significant difference between two agricultural companions. The results also showed a genotypic difference in the dry matter accumulation in the grains, mainly related to its filling speed. The accumulation of assimilates in the peduncle during the days following flowering, constitutes an advantage of reserves in dry matter before installation of water deficit. Indeed, it affects production by decreasing the photosynthetic activity. In conclusion, this experiment has highlighted two types of grain yield elaboration of cultivated wheat in the post-anthesis water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Knee Muscle Strength Recovery in the Early Period After ACL Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0014
Author(s):  
Gulcan Harput ◽  
Hasan Erkan Kılınc ◽  
Hamza Özer ◽  
Gül Baltacı ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate quadriceps and hamstrings isometric strength at 4, 8 and 12 week time points following ACL Reconstruction (ACLR) and to document the strength changes of these muscles over time. The primary hypothesis was that there would be significant increases in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths between the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks following ACLR. The secondary hypothesis was that the quadriceps index would be higher than hamstring index at 12th week after ACLR. Methods: Thirty patients (Mean ± SD [age, 29.1±2.3yrs; weight, 77.3±13.2kg; height, 172.1±7.1cm; BMI, 21.2±3.5kg/m2, time to surgery: 7.1±7.2 months]) who underwent ACLR with Hamstring Tendon Autograft (HTG) were enrolled in this study. The isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60° knee flexion angle at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after surgery. The recovery of quadriceps and hamstring muscles strength following rehabilitation was expressed as a Quadriceps Index (QI) and Hamstring Index (HI) and calculated with the following formula:[(maximum voluntary isometric torque of the involved limb / maximum voluntary isometric torque by uninvolved limb) × 100]. Torque output of the involved and uninvolved limbs and quadriceps and hamstring indexes were used for the statistical analysis. A repeated measures of ANOVA was used to determine the strength changes of quadriceps and hamstrings over time. Results: Quadriceps and Hamstrings strengths significantly increased over time for both involved (Quadriceps: F (2,46)=58.3, p<0.001, Hamstring: F (2,46)=35.7, p<0.001) and uninvolved limb (Quadriceps: F(2,46)=17.9, p<0.001, Hamstring: F(2,46)=56.9, p=0.001 ). Quadriceps strength was higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points for the involved limb (p<0.001), and it was higher at 8th week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb, quadriceps strength was also higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 (p=0.02) and 4 week time point (p<0.001), and higher at 8 week when compared to the 4 week time point (p=0.02). Hamstring strength was higher at 12 week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points (p<0.001) and it was higher at 8 week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb hamstring strength was also higher at 12 week when compared to 4 week time point (p=0.01). There was no significant difference between the 4 and 8 week time points (p>0.05) or between the 8 and 12 week time points (p=0.07). Quadriceps and hamstring indexes significantly changed from 4th weeks (QI:57.9, HI:54.4 ) to 8th weeks (QI:78.8, HI:69.9 ) and from 8th weeks to 12th weeks (QI:82, HI:75.7 ) (p<0.001); however, there was no difference between indexes at the 12-week time point (p=0.17). Conclusion: Isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles for the involved and uninvolved limb increased during the early period of ACLR. The results of this study could be a baseline for clinicians while prescribing a rehabilitation protocol for ACLR patients with HTG to better appreciate expected strength changes of the muscles in the early phase.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on Inter-relationship of Physiological and Biochemical Traits with Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Amrita Kumari ◽  
R. D. Ranjan ◽  
Chandan Roy ◽  
Awadesh Kumar Pal ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Heat stress, particularly the stress appears at the time of flowering to grain filling stages causing severe yield loss in wheat. Heat tolerance is complex phenomena that include adjustment in morphological, physiological and biochemical traits of the crop. Present investigation was carried out to understand the effect of terminal heat stress on different traits of wheat. The experiment was conducted in three dates of sowing as timely sown, late sown and very late sown to expose the crop to heat stress at later stages of the crop growth. Significant genetic variations for all the traits evaluated under three conditions indicated the presence of variability for the traits. Trait association analysis revealed that flag leaf chlorophyll content and MSI at seedling stage; MDA at reproductive stage had direct relationship with grain yield. While under very late sown condition MDA and RWC at seedling stages were found to be highly correlated with grain yield. It indicates that MDA, RWC at seedling stage and days to booting, days to milking plays important role in very late sown condition that can be used as selection criteria in breeding programme.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SOME WHEAT GROWTH TRAITS FOR FOR FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH HUMIC AND GLUTAMIC ACID

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqir & Zeboon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Unit, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during two winter seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 to study the response of some growth traits for wheat Cv. Al forat to foliar spraying using with humic glutamic acid and acid. A factorial experiment was with in Randomized Complete Block Design applied three replications, it involved two factor ,first factor was glutamic acid with three concentrations (0,250,500) mg L-1, second factor was humic acid with three concentrations (0,1,2) ml L-1, have been sprayed at tillering and flowering stages. The results showed that all the studed growth traits (plant height, ,number of tillers, flag leaf area dry weight for plant , crop growth rate ,relative growth rate and biological yield) were affected  by spraying with humic acid and glutamic acid for two season concentration , 2ml -1 from humic acid was superior on most of studies traits , as for glutamic acid ,plants treated with concentrations 250 and 500 mg L-1 were produced the highest mean for studies traits but without significant difference between them in some traits .The interaction between two factors was significant on most studies growth traits .

Relation between anatomic respiratory dead space and body size and lung volume

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Hart ◽  
M. M. Orzalesi ◽  
C. D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Residual Capacity

The respiratory anatomic dead space has been measured by the single breath nitrogen washout method of Fowler in 73 normal subjects ranging from 4 to 42 years of age. The volume of the anatomic dead space correlated closely with height (Vd (ml) = 7.585 x Ht (cm)2.363 x 10-4·ɣ = .917), but also with body weight, surface area, and functional residual capacity. When compared on the basis of any of these parameters there was no significant difference between the anatomic dead space values for males and females. Comparisons with available data for newborn infants suggest that the value of the anatomic dead space has a relatively constant relation to height from birth to adulthood. Dead space appears to increase more rapidly than weight, surface area, and functional residual capacity during, at least, the early period of somatic growth. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of J. H. Shaw) Submitted on October 25, 1962

Characterisation of a rice vacuolar invertase isoform, OsINV2, for growth and yield-related traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamitha R. Morey ◽  
Tatsuro Hirose ◽  
Yoichi Hashida ◽  
Akio Miyao ◽  
Hirohiko Hirochika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vacuolar Invertase ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Overexpression Phenotype

OsINV2, a rice vacuolar invertase isoform, was assessed for its functional roles in plant growth and development with key focus on its agronomic traits such as grain weight, grain filling percentage, grain number and dry weights at various stages until harvest. Lack of differences between the wild-type and the mutants with respect to any of the aforementioned traits tested revealed a possibility of functional compensation of OsINV2 in the mutants conceivably by its isoform. This was confirmed by OsINV2 promoter::GUS studies, where its spatial and temporal expression in the panicle elongation stages showed that although OsINV2 expression was observed from the stage with young panicles ~1 cm in length to the flag leaf stage, significant differences with respect to panicle and spikelet phenotypes between the wild-type and the mutant were not present. However, complement lines displaying an overexpression phenotype of OsINV2 possessed a higher stem non-structural carbohydrate content under both monoculm and normal tillering conditions. A trade-off between the spikelet number and grain weight in the complement lines grown under monoculm conditions was also observed, pointing towards the necessity of OsINV2 regulation for grain yield-related traits.

Comparative effects of prednisolone and thyroid hormone on bile secretion in the dog

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Gans ◽  
Kenneth McEntee
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Difference

The enterohepatic circulation of euthyroid dogs contained 1.25 ± 0.24 g bile acids/10 kg body wt. The bile acid content of the enterohepatic circulation of hyperthyroid dogs given thyroid hormones for 3 weeks was 0.72 ± 0.21g/10kg body wt., a significant difference from the control group ( P( t) < .01). No significant differences in biliary cholesterol output were recorded. Bile secretory changes in the hyperthyroid state were unrelated to food intake or changes in body weight. No evidence was found to indicate an early period of enhanced bile acid or biliary cholesterol secretion accompanying thyroid hormone administration. The administration of prednisolone trimethylacetate to euthyroid dogs resulted in a significant ( P( t) < .01) increase in total bile volume recovered. The enterohepatic bile acid content of the prednisolone-treated dog was 1.84 ± .48 g/10 kg body wt., the difference from the control group being of marginal significance ( P( t) < .05 > .02). Two hepatic function tests, the secretory response to sodium dehydrocholate administration and the rate of disappearance of bromsulfonphthalein from plasma, did not indicate any gross derangement in hepatic function in the hyperthyroid or prednisolone-treated dogs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Skull Base Surgery on Cochlear Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (06) ◽  
pp. 604-607
Author(s):  
Murat Samet Ates ◽  
Murat Benzer ◽  
Isa Kaya ◽  
Huseyin Biceroglu ◽  
Erkin Ozgiray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Cochlear Function ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractEndoscopic transsphenoidal skull base surgery (ETSS) has become a standard approach in the treatment of sellar and clival lesions, such as pituitary adenoma and chordoma. Due to the close proximity of the clivus and the sella turcica to the inner ear, it is thought that bone drilling in the surgery may have effects on hearing. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bone drilling in ETSS procedure on cochlear function. This study was performed on 18 patients who underwent ETSS procedure between December 2016 and May 2017. The study was designed as a prospective study. All of the data were prospectively collected. These included demographic data, date of surgery, type of surgery, preoperative pure-tone audiometry, and preoperative and postoperative distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements. Of the DPOAE measurements of the patients who were operated for pituitary adenoma, there was a statistically significant difference between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were no significant differences in preoperative and postoperative SNR measurements of six patients who were selected for clivus chordoma. When the preoperative and postoperative tonal audiometric tests of the patients were compared, no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.05). In conclusion, it is found that bone drilling in ETSS procedure has a negative effect on cochlear function in the early period. This is the first study to evaluate the degree of noise-induced cochlear damage in patients who were gone under ETSS procedure.

scholarly journals Soil drying and rewatering applied at three grain developmental stages affect differentially growth and grain protein deposition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta Guillermina Ronco ◽  
María Cecilia Arango
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Ripe Stage

Water deficits cause large yield losses in wheat. Although anthesis is generally considered the most vulnerable period, water deficit during grain filling can also cause yield losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of water stress and rewatering, at three different grain developmental stages, on physiological and grain filling parameters and on yield components. Wheat plants were subjected to water deficit and rewatering at the watery ripe, milk and soft dough stages. In the flag leaf, water stress decreased the relative water content, the chlorophyll and protein content and increased the leakage of solutes, at all three studied grain filling stages. Water stress at the watery ripe and milk stages reduced the final grain dry mass by 47 % and 20 %, respectively. This reduction was due to a decrease in the grain filling period and to a significant reduction in the maximum rate of grain-fill. Water stress imposed at the watery ripe stage reduced not only the linear growth phase but also its slope; grain number per spike and the 1000-kernel weight were also significantly reduced. SDS-PAGE patterns of grain proteins at the watery ripe stage did not differ between the controls, stressed or rewatered treatments. Protein patterns at the milk stage changed substantially with water stress, mainly for the high molecular weight glutenin subunits and gliadins. Three new bands were observed with apparent molecular weights of 108.5 kDa, 84.8 kDa and 63 kDa. Rewatering reverted water stress effects when it was imposed at the milk stage. Water deficit at the soft dough stage did not have any effect on protein grain patterns.

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