scholarly journals Effects of tillage systems on soil water content and yield in maize and winter wheat production

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Copec ◽  
D. Filipovic ◽  
S. Husnjak ◽  
I. Kovacev ◽  
S. Kosutic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Wheat Production

Systems for Returning Conservation Reserve Program Land to Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Case Medlin ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
James H. Stiegler ◽  
John B. Solie
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Conservation Reserve Program ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Moldboard Plow

Experiments were conducted near Duke and Forgan, OK, on land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve program (CRP) that had been seeded to Old World bluestem (OWB) to evaluate tillage systems for returning CRP grassland to winter wheat production. Glyphosate controlled OWB 72% or less in no-till (NT) wheat. Disk tillage (DT) and moldboard plow tillage (MPT) for wheat seedbed preparation controlled OWB 87 and 99%, respectively, at Forgan and 96 and 100%, respectively, at Duke. At Forgan, OWB control in NT was higher when glyphosate was applied in July than when applied in May. Soil water content to a depth of 120 cm at planting was as high in DT and MPT without herbicide as in NT with 1,680 g ae/ha glyphosate. Within NT and MPT, glyphosate did not consistently increase soil water content compared to the respective nontreated checks. In DT, soil water content to a depth of 120 cm was greater following glyphosate at 1,680 g/ ha than without glyphosate. Wheat density was greater in DT and MPT than in NT. Compared to the NT no herbicide treatment, tillage tripled wheat yields. Wheat yields were often greater where glyphosate was applied before tillage. No-till wheat production immediately after CPR in Oklahoma without prior destruction of accumulated OWB residue does not appear feasible.

The effects of CO2 database on a localized AquaCrop model construction based on the field experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fawen li ◽  
chunya song ◽  
hua li
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract To examine whether the use of default CO2 database affected the simulation results, this paper built the AquaCrop models of winter wheat based on the measured CO2 database and the default CO2 database, respectively. The models were calibrated with data (2017–2018) and validated with the data (2018–2019) in the North China Plain. The residual coefficient method (CRM), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and determination coefficient (R2) were used to test the model performance. The results showed that the accuracy of simulation under the two CO2 database were both good. Compared with the default CO2 database, the simulation accuracy under the measured CO2 database had higher accuracy. In order to verify the model further, the simulated values of evapotranspiration, soil water content and measured values were compared and analyzed. The results showed that there were some errors between the measured evapotranspiration and the values of simulation in the filling and waxing period of winter wheat. In general, the simulation values of evapotranspiration were consistent with the measured value at different irrigation levels. The simulated values ​​of the soil water content at the three levels of irrigation were all higher than the measured values, but the simulated results basically reflected the dynamic changes of soil water content throughout the growth period. The model adjustment value of WP*(the normalized water productivity) were a difference under the two CO2 databases, which is one of the reasons for the difference in the simulation results. The results show that in the absence of measured CO2 data, the default CO2 database can be used, which has little influence on the model construction, and the accuracy of the model constructed meets the actual demand. The research results can provide a basis for the establishment of crop models in North China Plain.

scholarly journals Estimating Soil Water Content and Evapotranspiration of Winter Wheat under Deficit Irrigation Based on SWAP Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9451
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
Huanjie Cai ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Xiaoyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Swap Model

Deficit irrigation strategy is essential for sustainable agricultural development in arid regions. A two−year deficit irrigation field experiment was conducted to study the water dynamics of winter wheat under deficit irrigation in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Three irrigation levels were implemented during four growth stages of winter wheat: 100%, 80% and 60% of actual evapotranspiration (ET) measured by the lysimeter with sufficient irrigation treatment (CK). The agro−hydrological model soil−water−atmosphere−plant (SWAP) was used to simulate the components of the farmland water budget. Sensitivity analysis for parameters of SWAP indicated that the saturated water content and water content shape factor n were more sensitive than the other parameters. The verification results showed that the SWAP model accurately simulated soil water content (average relative error (MRE) < 21.66%, root mean square error (RMSE) < 0.07 cm3 cm−3) and ET (R2 = 0.975, p < 0.01). Irrigation had an important impact on actual plant transpiration, but the actual soil evaporation had little change among different treatments. The average deep percolation was 14.54 mm and positively correlated with the total irrigation amount. The model established using path analysis and regression methods for estimating ET performed well (R2 = 0.727, p < 0.01). This study provided effective guidance for SWAP model parameter calibration and a convenient way to accurately estimate ET with fewer variables.

Dynamics of soil water content under different tillage systems in agro-pastural eco-zone

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuecun Ma ◽  
Hongling Qin ◽  
Chunmei Yin ◽  
Wangsheng Gao ◽  
Hongsheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Tillage Systems

scholarly journals A new framework for modelling seed germination and seedling tillering of winter wheat in the field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinping Chen ◽  
Peter Whalley ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
xiaoxian zhang ◽  
Malcolm J. Hawkesford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
New Framework

Seed germination is regulated by multiple environmental cues and understanding their relationships is critical to planning seed drilling and subsequent seedling management. We develop a new framework by viewing the metabolic reactions associated with seed germination as a moving event in a physiological dimension to simulate seed germination. Fluctuations in environmental cues and genetic heterogeneity of seed lot make the metabolic reactions in each seed uncertain, and we use an average germination rate to describe the average metabolic reactions and a dispersion coefficient to describe the genetic heterogeneity. We apply the model to winter wheat seeds drilled at different dates in plots under different soil water contents and prove that the model accurately reproduces the time course of germination in all treatments. We found the average germination rate increases nonlinearly with temperature in the base-suboptimal temperature range, and there is an optimal soil water content where the germination rate peaks due to soil anaerobicity. Our model can be fitted to field data using temperature and soil water content to describe the trade-off impact of soil water on soil anaerobicity and imbibition, whereas the difficulty of obtaining accurate water potential and oxygen measurements makes this difficult with the hydrothermal time models.

scholarly journals Effects of spatial variability on soil physical attributes in areas cultivated with cassava prepared with different tillage systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Edney Leandro Da Vitória ◽  
Adriano Alves Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
Physical Attributes

The objective of this study was to understand the effect of the spatial variability of the soil physical attributes in areas cultivated with cassava with different soil tillage systems, using the techniques of classical statistics and geostatistics. The experiment was carried in 2013 in São Mateus - ES, Brazil, on a cohesive ultisol, with a plan relief. The preparation of the soil for transplanting were made in two adjacent areas of approximately 0.5 ha each, using up to two passes of a harrow disk or two passes of a chisel plow. The following soil physical attributes were studied 90 days after transplanting: soil density (DS), macroporosity (Macro) and microporosity (Micro), soil water content according to two preparations systems and two depth ranges. Eighty plants were randomly selected to perform the experiment. The soil physical properties resulted in spatial variability due to the strong dependence for all variables, tillage system and soil depth. The semivariograms were adjusted to the spherical and exponential models for the evaluated physical attributes. Except for water content, it was observed an increase in the range (A0) with increasing depth for both tillage systems. The soil water content presented a decrease about 23% for the harrowing and scarification systems.

scholarly journals Onion yield as a function of soil tillage system and soil water content

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Jardênia R. Feitosa ◽  
Haroldo C. Fernandes ◽  
Paulo R. Cecon ◽  
Daniel M. Leite ◽  
Filipe M. T. Nery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

ABSTRACT Excessive tillage operations under inadequate conditions can raise the cost of agricultural production and lead to soil degradation without adequate crop response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the onion crop response to soil water contents and tillage systems. Three tillage systems were evaluated: P1 (plowing + two harrowings + two seedbed raising operations), P2 (two harrowings + one seedbed raising operation), P3 (one harrowing + one seedbed raising operation); and four soil water contents: 12, 15, 23 and 26%. The experiment was conducted in the irrigated perimeter of Tourão, Juazeiro, BA, Brazil (9° 24’ 7.3” S; 40° 26’ 8.7” W and altitude of 368 m), in 2017, and was installed in split plots, in a randomized block design, with four repetitions. Water contents were arranged in the plots and tillage systems in the subplots. Crop response to the applied treatments was evaluated through the determination of the emergence speed index of the seedlings, regularity of the longitudinal distribution of seedlings, final stand, total and marketable yields of the crop and yield per bulb transverse diameter class. The variation of soil water content had a quadratic effect on the variables emergence speed index, final stand and total onion yield. The treatments did not significantly affect the longitudinal distribution of plants and marketable yield. The tillage system composed of one harrowing and one seedbed raising operation showed to be the most appropriate for onion cultivation by direct seeding.

scholarly journals Energy balance closure on a winter wheat stand: comparing the eddy covariance technique with the soil water balance method

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 6783-6820 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Imukova ◽  
J. Ingwersen ◽  
M. Hevart ◽  
T. Streck
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Flux Data ◽  
Closure Method

Abstract. The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is typically not closed. The nature of the gap is usually not known, which hampers using EC data to parameterize and test models. The present study elucidates the nature of the energy gap of EC flux data from winter wheat stands in southwest Germany. During the vegetation periods 2012 and 2013, we continuously measured, in a half-hourly resolution, latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes using the EC technique. Measured fluxes were adjusted with either the Bowen-ratio (BR), H or LE post-closure method. The adjusted LE fluxes were tested against evapotranspiration data (ETWB) calculated using the soil water balance (WB) method. At sixteen locations within the footprint of an EC station, the soil water storage term was determined by measuring the soil water content down to a soil depth of 1.5 m. In the second year, the volumetric soil water content was also continuously measured in 15 min resolution in 10 cm intervals down to 90 cm depth with sixteen capacitance soil moisture sensors. During the 2012 vegetation period, the H post-closed LE flux data (ETEC = 3.4 ± 0.6 mm day−1) corresponded closest with the result of the WB method (3.3 ± 0.3 mm day−1). ETEC adjusted by the BR (4.1 ± 0.6 mm day−1) or LE (4.9 ± 0.9 mm day−1) post-closure method were higher than the ETWB by 20 and 33%, respectively. In 2013, ETWB was in best agreement with ETEC adjusted with the H post-closure method during the periods with low amount of rain and seepage. During these periods the BR and LE post-closure methods overestimated ET by about 30 and 40%, respectively. During a period with high and frequent rainfalls, ETWB was in-between ETEC adjusted by H and BR post-closure methods. We conclude that, at most vegetation periods on our site, LE is not a~major component of the energy balance gap. Our results indicate that the energy balance gap other energy fluxes and unconsidered or biased energy storage terms.

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