scholarly journals The study of endometrium at gestational days 5 and 15 in dairy goats (Capra hircus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 358-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
X.-R. Liu ◽  
P. Han ◽  
Z.-Q. Zhou ◽  
B.-Y. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Endometrium Receptivity

Endometrium receptivity, an absolutely necessary part of successful embryo implantation, and several morphological and biochemical endometrial receptivity biomarkers have already been studied and proposed in some animals. However, to our knowledge, no such a study has as yet been undertaken in dairy goat. In the present study, the serum and uterus of dairy goat were studied at gestational days 5 and 15, the estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations in serum were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, the surface topography of endometrium was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the estrogen receptors (ER), prolactin (PRL), some marker genes of receptive endometrium, and cell proliferation and apoptosis in the uterus were also detected. Well-formed pinopodes were found on the surface of endometrium at day 15 with higher E2 and P4 concentrations in the serum and higher estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ expression levels and a lower PRL level in the endometrium. Moreover, some expression levels of marker genes of receptive endometrium (OPN, VEGF, LIF, PRLR) were increased at day 15 compared to day 5, but no significant differences were observed in the cell proliferation and apoptosis in the uterus. The results showed that the endometrium reached the receptive state at gestational day 15 in dairy goats.

scholarly journals MiR-184 Combined with STC2 Promotes Endometrial Epithelial Cell Apoptosis in Dairy Goats via RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK Pathway

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Jiuzeng Cui ◽  
Xiaorui Liu ◽  
Lichun Yang ◽  
Sicheng Che ◽  
Hongran Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cell ◽  
Forkhead Box M1 ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis

The endometrium undergoes a series of complex changes to form a receptive endometrium (RE) that allows the embryo to be implanted. The inability to establish endometrial receptivity of livestock causes embryo implantation failure and considerable losses to animal husbandry. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs. Studies have found that miRNAs can regulate many critical physiological processes, including the establishment of RE during embryo implantation. miR-184 is highly expressed in the endometrial receptive period of dairy goats. This study aimed to explore the effect of miR-184 on endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) apoptosis and RE establishment. Stanniocalcin2 (STC2) is a direct target of miR-184, and miR-184 decreases the expression of STC2 in dairy goat EECs. miR-184 can activate EECs apoptosis through the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. Additionally, miR-184 increases the expression levels of RE marker genes, such as forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These findings indicate that miR-184 promotes the apoptosis of endometrial epithelial cells in dairy goats by downregulating STC2 via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, and that it may also regulate the establishment of RE in dairy goats.

scholarly journals MiR199a is implicated in embryo implantation by regulating Grb10 in rat

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Fei Xia ◽  
Jing-Li Cao ◽  
Xiao-Hua Jin ◽  
Xu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
17Β Estradiol

MiR199a was found to be differentially expressed in rat uteri between the prereceptive and receptive phase via microRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis in our previous study. However, the role of miR199a in rat embryo implantation remained unknown. In the study, northern blot results showed that the expression levels of miR199a were higher on gestation days 5 and 6 (g.d.5–6) in rat uteri than on g.d.3–4 and g.d.7–8. In situ localization of miR199a in rat uteri showed that miR199a was mainly localized in the stroma or decidua. The expression of miR199a was not significantly different in the uteri of pseudopregnant rats and evidently increased in the uteri of rats subjected to activation of delayed implantation and experimentally induced decidualization. Treatment with 17β-estradiol or both 17β-estradiol and progesterone significantly diminished miR199a levels. Gain of function of miR199a in endometrial stromal cells isolated from rat uteri inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Loss of function of miR199a displayed opposite roles on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Further investigation uncovered a significant inverse association between the expression of miR199a and growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (Grb10), an imprinted gene, and miR199a could bind to the 3′UTR of Grb10 to inhibit Grb10 translation. In addition, in vivo analysis found that the immunostaining of GRB10 was attenuated in the stroma or decidua from g.d.4 to 6, contrary to the enhancement of miR199a. Collectively, upregulation of miR199a in rat uterus during the receptive phase is regulated by blastocyst activation and uterine decidualization. Enforced miR199a expression suppresses cell proliferation partially through targeting Grb10.

scholarly journals miR-20b Inhibits T Cell Proliferation and Activation via NFAT Signaling Pathway in Thymoma-Associated Myasthenia Gravis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanzhong Xin ◽  
Hongfei Cai ◽  
Tianyu Lu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Purpose. We examined the role of miR-20b in development of thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis, especially in T cell proliferation and activation.Materials and Methods. Using qRT-PCR, we assessed expression levels of miR-20b and its target genes in cultured cells and patient samples and examined the proliferation of cultured cells, using MTT cell proliferation assays and flow cytometry based cell cycle analysis. Activation of T cells was determined by both flow cytometry and qRT-PCR of activation-specific marker genes.Results. Expression of miR-20b was downregulated in samples of thymoma tissues and serum from patients with thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis. In addition, T cell proliferation and activation were inhibited by ectopic overexpression of miR-20b, which led to increased T cell proliferation and activation. NFAT5 and CAMTA1 were identified as targets of miR-20b. Expression levels of NFAT5 and CAMTA1 were inhibited by miR-20b expression in cultured cells, and the expression levels of miR-20b and NFAT5/CAMTA1 were inversely correlated in patients with thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis.Conclusion. miR-20b acts as a tumor suppressor in the development of thymoma and thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis. The tumor suppressive function of miR-20b in thymoma could be due to its inhibition of NFAT signaling by repression of NFAT5 and CAMTA1 expression.

scholarly journals Case Report: A Case of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in Dairy Goat Farms in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga-In Son ◽  
Eui-Ju Hong ◽  
Hyun-Jin Shin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Capra Aegagrus ◽  
Carpal Joint ◽  
Polymerase Chain

One Saanen dairy goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) farm in Korea reported that some goats showed clinical signs such as arthritis, paralysis, carpal joint swelling, and even death. We monitored clinical signs and pathological lesions. In the laboratory, we confirmed caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We examined all the dairy goats on the farm and found that many of them were positive. In conclusion, CAEV infection was detected in the majority of the goats in this farm, and it induced severe clinical signs impacting productivity and causing important economic shortfalls. We need to regularly investigate all dairy goat farms, and, more importantly, inspection of the quarantine stage should be required before importation. Interestingly, we found all negative results in Korean native black goats (Capra hircus linnaeus).

The mRNA and lncRNA landscape of the non-pregnant endometrium during the oestrus cycle in dairy goat

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Liu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jiuzeng Cui ◽  
Sicheng Che ◽  
Yuexia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Cyclic changes in the endometrium are essential for embryo implantation in mammals; many studies report that such changes constitute a complex process involving numerous molecular mediators. In the present study, goat endometria at oestrus Day 5 and oestrus Day 15 were selected to systematically analyse the transcriptome using strand-specific Ribo-Zero RNA sequencing. Over 120 million high-quality paired-end reads were generated and 440400 transcripts were identified in the endometrial tissue of dairy goats. In total, 489 differentially expressed mRNAs and 854 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs were identified when comparing the endometrium at goat endometria at oestrus Day 5 and oestrus Day 15. Neurotensin was found to play a potentially important role in the non-pregnant goat endometrium during the oestrus cycle. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of the cis-target genes of the differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs showed that GO:0005198 (structural molecule activity) and ko04510 (focal adhesion) might be involved in cyclic endometrial changes. Taken together, the resulting transcriptomic profiles elucidate global trends in mRNA and lncRNA expression in non-pregnant endometria during the oestrus cycle in dairy goats.

scholarly journals Upregulated microRNA let-7a accelerates apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in uterine junctional zone smooth muscle cells in adenomyosis under conditions of a normal activated hippo-YAP1 axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Hua Huang ◽  
Hua Duan ◽  
Sha Wang ◽  
Yi-Yi Wang ◽  
Cheng-Xiao LV
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Junctional Zone ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Abstract Background Let-7a is a small non-coding RNA that has been found to take part in cell proliferation and apoptosis. The hippo-YAP1 axis, known as a tumour suppressor pathway, also plays an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. YAP1, TAZ, and phospho-YAP1 play key roles in actions of the hippo-YAP1 axis. Adenomyosis (ADS) is a proliferative disease leading to a large uterus in patients with prolonged illness. Abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the uterine endometrial-myometrial junctional zone (JZ) is an important reason for developing ADS. This study aimed to explore the expression levels of let-7a and components of the hippo-YAP1 axis in SMCs in the uterine endometrial-myometrial JZ in ADS and to explore the roles of let-7a and the hippo-YAP1 axis of JZ SMC proliferation and apoptosis in ADS. Methods We collected JZ tissues for the primary culture of SMCs from 25 women diagnosed with ADS and 27 women without ADS. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of let-7a, YAP1, TAZ, and phospho-YAP1 in ADS JZ SMCs. A CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis were utilized to test the proliferation and apoptosis of JZ SMCs. The let-7a overexpression lentiviral vector GV280 was used to increase the expression level of let-7a. We added verteporfin to block the phosphorylation of components of the hippo-YAP1 axis. Results We found that the let-7a level was decreased, while the YAP1 and TAZ levels were increased in ADS JZ SMCs. Upregulated let-7a affected the expression levels of components of the hippo-YAP1 axis, accelerated apoptosis, and inhibited proliferation in JZ SMCs. Furthermore, accumulated YAP1 led to increasing proliferation of JZ SMCs after verteporfin treatment to block the phosphorylation of components of the hippo-YAP1 axis. If components of the hippo-YAP1 axis were unphosphorylated, upregulated let-7a could not inhibit the proliferation of ADS JZ SMCs. Upregulated let-7a could not activate the hippo-YAP1 axis in verteporfin treatment. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the let-7a and hippo-YAP1 axis may act as important regulators of JZ SMCs proliferation, and upregulated let-7a may be an effective method to treat ADS.

Effects of miR-128 on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Lung Cancer of Non-Small Cell by Regulating Reversion-Inducing Cysteine-Rich Protein with Kazal Motifs (RECK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108
Author(s):  
Li-Qun Shan ◽  
Hong-Wang Yan ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Hong-Xi Yu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nsclc Cell Line ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Proliferation Ability

The study was aimed to analyse the effects of miR-128 on the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells of non-small cell by regulating RECK. The expression of miR-128 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its paracancerours tissues was analyzed by sequencing. miR-128 expression level in NSCLC and its paracancerours tissues was detected by qPCR. We over expressed miR-128 by mimics in A549 NSCLC cell line. Establish blank and negative control group. miR-128 and RECK expression level in each group was detected by qPCR. Use MTT assay to test the proliferation ability of each group. The apoptosis level and the level of ROS in each group were tested by hoechst 33258. The expression level of apoptosis-related protein and p38 NF- B signal pathway-related protein in each group was tested by Western blot. The results of sequencing and qPCR showed that compared with the blank control group, the expression level of miR-128 mRNA was significantly higher in the adjacent tissues than in the adjacent tissues (P < 0 05). The expression levels of miR128 mRNA and RECK mRNA in the overexpression group were significantly increased (P <0 05); the cell proliferation ability in the overexpression group was significantly reduced (P < 0 05), and the level of apoptosis was significantly increased (P < 0 05). Overexpression group Caspase-3, Bcl2/Bax, P-p38, NF-B expression levels were significantly increased (P < 0 05). MiR-128 increases ROS level in NSCLC cells, inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis by regulating RECK and acting on p38 NF-κB signaling pathway.

High Prevalence of Thymoma in the Dairy Goat Report of Seventeen Cases

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Hadlow
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Myoid Cells ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
High Prevalence

Among 92 dairy goats, mainly of Saanen breeding, necropsied during studies on slow viral diseases, 17 (25.3%) of 67 over 2 years old had thymoma. Ten were females and seven were castrated males. In none was the thymoma accompanied by clinical signs attributable to it. Except for one at the thoracic inlet, all tumors were in the cranial mediastinal cavity. Encapsulated and sometimes cystic, they varied from a 2-centimeter nodule to a smoothly bosselated 10x8x8-centimeter mass weighing 300 grams. Although they were composed of lymphocytes and epithelial cells, small lymphocytes predominated in 16. One was predominantly epithelial. Hassall's corpuscles and myoid cells were seen in all tumors. In 12 tumors, small veins were encircled by spaces that varied from empty clefts to wide, fluid-filled cavities. The high prevalence of thymoma in these goats supports previous reports that this tumor occurs more often in Capra hircus than in other domestic animals. It may be one of the more common neoplasms in older goats.

scholarly journals Understanding natural behavior to improve dairy goat (Capra hircus) management systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gosia Zobel ◽  
Heather W Neave ◽  
Jim Webster
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Life Worth Living ◽  
Commercial Housing

Abstract Public interest is stimulating farming industries to improve animal welfare in production systems. Indoor housing of ruminants has received scrutiny because of perceived intensiveness and lack of naturalness. Animal welfare has traditionally focused on health benefits (e.g., bedding management and reducing disease) and reducing negative experiences (e.g., painful husbandry practices). Recent attention to animals having “a life worth living” extends expectations to provide increased care and opportunities for positive experiences and natural behaviors. Although not all natural behaviors necessarily contribute to improved welfare, we present evidence for why many are important, and for how they can be promoted in commercial systems. Worldwide, commercial dairy goats (Capra hircus) are frequently housed in large open barns with space to move and soft bedding for lying; however, this is not sufficient to promote the range of natural behaviors of goats, which in turn suggests that commercial housing could be improved. The basis for this thinking is from the range of behaviors expressed by the Capra genus. Collectively, these species have evolved cognitive and behavioral strategies to cope with harsh and changing environments, as well as variable and limited vegetation. The rocky and often steep terrain that goats inhabit allows for predator avoidance and access to shelter, so it is not surprising that domesticated goats also seek out elevation and hiding spaces; indeed, their hoof structure is designed for the movement and grip in such rugged environments. The browsing techniques and flexibility in diet selection of wild, feral and extensively managed goats, appears to be equally important to housed goats, highlighting the need for more complexity in how and what goats are fed. Goats naturally live in small, dynamic groups, governed by complex social structures in which horns play a strong role. Commercial housing systems should consider the benefits of more natural-sized social groups and revisit the rationale behind horn removal. We suggest that cognitive stimulation is a potential welfare improvement for goats in commercial settings. Goat cognitive abilities, which enabled success in complex and variable social and physical environments, are unchallenged in uniform environments, potentially leading to negative affective states. We make suggestions for housing improvements that could be readily adopted into current systems without compromising production efficiency.

scholarly journals LncRNAs serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of childhood ALL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanmei Huang ◽  
Libin Huang ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Shaohui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract Background Although some studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are dysregulated in hematopoietic malignancies and may regulate the progression of leukemia, the detailed mechanism underlying tumorigenesis is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate lncRNAs that are differentially expressed in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and their potential roles in the progression of childhood ALL. Methods Microarrays were used to detect differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Several aberrantly expressed lncRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. Leukemia-free survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method with a log-rank test. The co-expression correlations of lncRNAs and mRNAs were determined by Spearman’s correlation coefficient. CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry were performed to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results We revealed that many lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in B-ALL and T-ALL. LncRNA/mRNA co-expression and the gene locus network showed that dysregulated lncRNAs are involved in diverse cellular processes. We also assessed the diagnostic value of the differentially expressed lncRNAs and confirmed the optimal combination of TCONS_00026679, uc002ubt.1, ENST00000411904, and ENST00000547644 with an area under the curve of 0.9686 [95 % CI: 0.9369–1.000, P < 0.001], with 90.7 % sensitivity and 92.19 % specificity, at a cut-off point of -0.5700 to distinguish childhood B-ALL patients from T-ALL patients, implying that these specific lncRNAs may have potential to detect subsets of childhood ALL. Notably, we found that the 8-year leukemia-free survival of patients with high TCONS_00026679 (p = 0.0081), ENST00000522339 (p = 0.0484), ENST00000499583 (p = 0.0381), ENST00000457217 (p = 0.0464), and ENST00000451368 (p = 0.0298) expression levels was significantly higher than that of patients with low expression levels of these lncRNAs, while patients with high uc002ubt.1 (p = 0.0499) and ENST00000547644 (p = 0.0451) expression levels exhibited markedly shorter 8-year leukemia-free survival. In addition, some lncRNAs were found to play different roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis in T-ALL and B-ALL. Conclusions Dysregulated lncRNAs involved in different regulatory mechanisms underlying the progression of childhood T-ALL and B-ALL might serve as novel biomarkers to distinguish ALL subsets and indicate poor outcomes.

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