scholarly journals Analysis of Czech cold-blooded horses: genetic parameters, breeding value and the influence of inbreeding depression on linear description of conformation and type characters

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
Z. Čapková ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
K. Mach
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values

Genetic parameters, breeding values and inbreeding depression for 22 linear type description of conformation and type characters and 4 body measurements were evaluated in a group of 1744 horses of three original cold-blooded breeds in the Czech Republic in a long period of 18 years (1990&ndash;2007). Based on the values of Akaike's information criterion, residual variance and heritability coefficient, a model with fixed effects (sex, year of description, breed, and classifier) and with a random effect (animal) was selected. Heritability coefficients for the particular traits were in the range of 0.11 to 0.55 and genetic correlations ranged from &ndash;0.63 to 0.97. Inbreeding depression, expressed as coefficients of regression on one percent of inbreeding, was in the range of &ndash;0.0992 to 0.0242 points for the particular traits. The inclusion of inbreeding depression in the model resulted in a moderate change in h<sup>2</sup> in one-third of the traits. In two-thirds of traits, the value of r<sub>G</sub> increased or decreased by 0.01. Standard deviations of the breeding values for linear type description of conformation and type characters were in the range of 0.30 to 0.72 and 0.62 to 6.18 for body measurement traits. Among breeding values estimated by a model without inbreeding depression and a model with inbreeding depression, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient values for the particular traits were 0.916&ndash;0.999 (sample of all horses), 0.710&ndash;0.992 (10% of the best horses) and 0.827&ndash;0.998 (10% of the worst horses). If the average value of the inbreeding coefficient is low (0.03), then it is not necessary to include the influence of inbreeding depression in the model for the genetic evaluation of individuals of original cold-blooded horses kept in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Estimation of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Iva Jiskrová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

The performance of 10671 horses in 10911 sport competitions was used to estimate the breeding value of the population of the Czech warm-blooded horses using the Best Linear Unibased Prediction method. The sport performance was estimated on the basis of the number of bad points (penalties) in jumping competitions. We analysed 252781 sporting results in the period 1991 – 2002. The estimations encompassed the fixed effects of sex, age, level of the competition and random effects of the breeder, rider, competition and the permanent environment. We compared the original and innovated calculations of the estimate of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic. We then compiled a list of estimated breeding values for stallions having 30 or more offspring and we compared the estimated breeding values with the results of the official system of progeny testing for performance in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of milkfat and milkprotein production in inbred and outbred Holstein cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Jiří Bezdíček ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Radek Filipčík ◽  
Jan Říha
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Age At First Calving

The aim of this study was to explore the depression effects of level of inbreeding on kg of fat and protein presented in the form of breeding values. The data included cows calved in the years 1990–2006 at farms in the Czech Republic. Inbred cows were grouped according to Fxcoefficients (Fx= 1.25%, Fx= 2.0–3.125%, Fx= 4.0–12.5% and Fx= total). The breeding values for inbred cows were compared with their outbred equals (2689 equals in sum) – half–sisters, sharing the same sire, dam reaching the same breeding value (± 5%) and their first calving occurring at the same farm, at the same time (±2 month). The PROC GLM of SAS®with fixed effects (age at first calving, year of calving, number of lactations, first calving interval and relative breeding value of sire and dam were applied to all data).In the groups with Fxcoefficients (Fx= 1.25 %, Fx= 2.0–3.125 %, Fx= 4.0–12.5 % and Fx= total) we found a decrease in the breeding values of kg fat in inbred cows of −1.48; 0.17; −8.26 and −0.51 kg. In the case of protein content the depressed production in inbred cows was: −0.58; −0.48; −3.21 and −0.94 kg. These differences were significant (p ≤ 0.01) in the group with the highest Fxvalue (Fx= 4.0–12.5%). The inbred animals showed higher variability within the range of observed corrected breeding values (Yijklmno) for kg of fat and protein.The results also show that increasing the level of parents (as RBV) caused a very significant increase in production both in inbred and outbred daughters but greater increase in fat and protein was evident in the non–inbred cows.

scholarly journals The effect of inbreeding on milk traits in Holstein cattle in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-425
Author(s):  
J. Bezdíček ◽  
J. Šubrt ◽  
R. Filipčík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Similar Tendency

Abstract. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of the level of inbreeding on the milk production (MP) and the breeding values (BV) of milk production. Data included cows calved in years 1990-2005 at farms in the Czech Republic. Inbred cows were grouped according to Fx coefficient (Fx = 1.25 %, Fx = 2.0–3.125 %, Fx = 4.0–12.5 % and Fx = total). MP and BV of inbred cows were compared with their outbred equals – half-sisters, sharing the same sire (n = 2,063), dam reached the same breeding value (±5 %) and their first calving happened in the same farm and at the same time (±2 months). The PROC GLM of SAS® with fixed effects (age at first calving, year of calving, number of lactations, first calving interval and relative breeding value of the sire and dam) was applied to all data. In the examined groups of Fx coefficient milk production of inbred cows at the first lactation decreased of −103.02, −236.8, −472.24 and −247.65 kg of milk. Also an insignificant increase of percentage of fat was found in most of the inbred groups: −0.0025, +0.1204, −0.0064 and +0.0708, as well as percentage of protein: −0.0063, +0.0365, −0.0346 and +0.0157. A similar tendency was also found when the milk production was represented by breeding values. Breeding value for milk in kg showed a decrease of −36.57, −43.55, −92.23 and −50.81 kg milk. Breeding value for fat percentage showed in inbred animals an increase of +0.0068, +0.0394, +0.0152 and +0.0251 %. A similar increase was also found in breeding value for protein percentage: +0.0015, +0.0216, −0.0035 and +0.0134 %. The Fx coefficient increasing by 1 % decreases milk production (regression coefficient) by 59.75 kg milk and increases fat and protein by +0.0112 % and +0.0030 %.

scholarly journals Selection of a suitable data set and model for the genetic evaluation of the linear description of conformation and type description in Old Kladruber horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
K. Mach ◽  
J. Přibyl
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Colour Variant ◽  
Repeated Evaluation ◽  
Estimation Of Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The objective of this paper was to select a suitable data subset and statistical model for the estimation of genetic parameters for 36 traits of the linear type in 977 Old Kladruber horses. Two subsets were tested to identify a suitable subset for analysis. One subset included repeated evaluation of certain individuals, whereas the other did not. The most suitable subset included repeated evaluation (n=1 390). The selection of a suitable model was made from 4 candidate models. These models comprised a number of random effects (direct individual effect and animal permanent environmental effect of the animal) and a number of fixed effects (colour variant, stud, colour variant × stud interaction, sex, age at description, year of birth, year of description). The model was selected based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC, Akaike 1974), residual variance and heritability coefficient. The model that included colour variant, stud, colour variant × stud interaction, sex, age at description, and year of description as fixed effects and direct individual and animal permanent environment as random effects was the most suitable model for the estimation of genetic parameters and for the subsequent estimation of breeding values.

scholarly journals Analysis of non-genetic and genetic influences underlying the growth of Kajli lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
K. Javed ◽  
I. Zahoor ◽  
K.M. Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Birth Type

Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic effects on growth performance of Kajli sheep. Traits considered for evaluation were birth weight (BWT), 120-day adjusted weight (120DWT), 180-day adjusted weight (180DWT), 270-day adjusted weight (270DWT), and 365-day adjusted weight (365DWT). Fixed effects of year of birth, season of birth, sex, birth type, and dam age on these traits were evaluated using linear procedures of SAS, 9.1. Similarly, BWT, 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT were used as fixed effects mixed model analyses. Variance components, heritability and breeding values were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. The genetic trend for each trait was obtained by regression of the estimated breeding values (EBV) on year of birth. Analyses revealed substantial influence of birth year on all traits. Sex and birth type were the significant sources of variation for BWT and 120DWT. Season of birth did not influence birth weight meaningfully, but had a significant role in the expression of 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT. Heritability estimates were generally low (0.003 ± 0.018 to 0.099 ± 0.067) for all traits. With the exception of the genetic correlation of 180DWT and 365DWT, the genetic correlations between trait were strong and positive. Only 365DWT had a positive genetic trend. Although the heritability estimates for almost all weight traits were low, high and positive genetic correlations between BWT and other weight traits suggest that selection based on BWT would result in the improvement of other weight traits as a correlated response.Keywords: bodyweight, breeding value, genetic correlation, sheep

scholarly journals Breeding value for type traits in beef cattle in theCzech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Veselá ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
P. Šafus ◽  
L. Vostrý ◽  
K. Šeba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
Range Of Values

The type was evaluated in 5 424 young animals of twelve beef breeds. Ten type traits were evaluated: height at sacrum (HS), body length (BL), live weight (LW), front chest width (CW), chest depth (CD), pelvis (P), shoulder muscling (SM), back muscling (BM), rump muscling (RM) and production type (PT). The traits represent two groups: (1) traits scoring body measurements and body capacity (HS, BL, LW, CW, CD, P) and (2) traits scoring muscling (SM, BM, RM, PT). These fixed effects were included in the model: breed, sex, HYS, mother&rsquo;s age, linear regression on age at evaluation and average gain from birth to evaluation. Fixed effects in the model explained 40% to 60% of variability. The highest values of heritability coefficient were estimated for HS (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.51) and LW (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.50). BL had the lowest values of heritability coefficient (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.25). The values h<sup>2</sup> = 0.25&ndash;0.32 were calculated for the traits scoring body capacity (CW, CD, P). The range of values for muscling traits was h<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= 0.26&ndash;0.35. The coefficient of heritability for PT was h<sup>2</sup> = 0.34. All traits scoring muscling and PT showed high genetic correlations (r<sub>g</sub> &gt; 0.95). The traits scoring body capacity (P, CW, CD) were highly genetically correlated with muscling r<sub>g</sub> &gt; 0.83. Breeding values were determined by a multi-trait animal model. Standard deviations of breeding values were higher in HS (s<sub>BV</sub> = 0.71) and LW (s<sub>BV</sub> = 0.84), which was connected with a different method of evaluation of these traits. They were in the range of 0.19 (BL) to 0.30 (RM) in the other traits. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Type Traits in First Parity Cows of the Autochthonous Cika Cattle in Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojca Simčič ◽  
Barbara Luštrek ◽  
Miran Štepec ◽  
Betka Logar ◽  
Klemen Potočnik
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Herd Effect ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Type Traits

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of 26 individual and four composite type traits in first parity Cika cows. An analysis of variance was performed with the generalized linear model procedure of the SAS/STAT statistical package, where the fixed effects of year of recording, cow’s age at recording and days after calving as a linear regression were included in the model. The variance components for the direct additive genetic effect and the herd effect in all type traits were estimated using the REML method in the VCE-6 software package. The estimated heritabilities ranged from 0.42 to 0.67 for the measured body frame traits, from 0.36 to 0.80 for the scored autochthonous traits, from 0.11 to 0.61 for the scored body frame traits, and from 0.20 to 0.47 for the scored udder traits. The estimated heritabilities for the composite traits called “autochthonous characteristics”, “muscularity”, “body frame” and “udder” were 0.55, 0.19, 0.19, and 0.26, respectively. The estimated genetic correlations among the measured body frame traits were positive and high, while the majority of them among the scored body frame traits were low to moderate. The estimated proportions of variance explained by the herd effect for the composite traits “autochthonous characteristics,” “muscularity,” “body frame” and “udder” were 0.09, 0.28, 0.14, and 0.10, respectively. The estimated heritabilities for the type traits of first parity Cika cows were similar to those reported for other breeds where breeding values have been routinely predicted for a long time. All estimated genetic parameters are already used for breeding value prediction in the Cika cattle population.

scholarly journals Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Economic Traits of Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle in Tropics: A multi-trait animal model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondossen Ayalew ◽  
Destaw Worku
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Fertility Traits

Abstract Background: In any genetic improvement program, multi-trait estimates of genetic parameters and breeding values of economically important traits are essential to facilitate total merit index selection objectives.Method: Data comprising 4,263 lactation records of 1,223 cows calved in the years between 1992 and 2017 were used to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values of lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL) and fertility (age at first calving, AFC; calving interval, CI; and days open DO) traits. Preliminary analysis of fixed effects used in the mixed model analysis was tested for their significance using lm package of R software. C(o)variance components and resulting parameters were estimated by fitting single and multi-trait repeatability animal models using BLUPF90 software packages.Results: The heritability estimates of LMY and LL were 0.21±0.04 and 0.13±0.02, respectively. Heritabilities for AFC, CI, and DO were 0.53, 0.12, and 0.14±0.04, respectively. Repeatability estimates of production and fertility traits were low to moderate. The genetic correlation between LMY and LL was high (0.53) whilst, among fertility traits, the estimates were ranged from 0.09±0.03 (between AFC and CI) to 0.99±0.01 (between CI and DO). Genetic correlations of productive traits with fertility traits were ranged from -0.01 to 0.99. The phenotypic correlations between production and fertility traits ranged from 0.06±0.02 for LL and AFC to 0.43±0.02 for LL and DO. The genetic trends for LMY and LL were positive and genetically improved by 15.80 kg year−1 and 0.92 days year−1, respectively. Regarding fertility traits, favorable trends of -0.56 and -0.65 days year-1 were observed for CI and DO, respectively. However, unfavorable trends of 0.04 month year−1 were obtained for AFC.Conclusion: With this small herd size, the study highlighted that a high response to selection for LMY and AFC would be expected in this population. Furthermore, aggregate selection of both production and fertility traits should take into account their antagonistic genetic correlations in future improvement programs.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for linear type traits in Czech Holstein cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Němcová ◽  
M. Štípková ◽  
L. Zavadilová
Keyword(s):  
Bone Quality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Side View ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Data Set

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for 18 currently recorded linear conformation traits in Czech Holstein cattle. The data set consisted of 78 886 first-lactating Holstein cows. Traits, all scored on a 9-point scale, were fore udder attachment, rear udder height, udder depth, rear udder width, central ligament, teat length, front teat placement, rear teat position, stature, angularity, chest width, body depth, rump angle, rump width, rear legs rear view, rear leg set (side view), foot angle, and bone quality. Uni- and bivariate animal models were used. The models included fixed effects of herd-date of classification-classifier, classifier, and season of calving, quadratic regressions on age at calving and on days in milk and the random effect of animal. Heritability estimates obtained in univariate and in bivariate analyses were of similar magnitude. Heritabilities ranged from 0.17 to 0.32 for udder traits, 0.10 to 0.16 for foot and leg traits, and 0.18 to 0.45 for traits related to body size. Genetic correlations among the currently recorded linear traits ranged from &ndash;0.67 between foot angle and rear leg set (side view) to 0.75 between fore udder attachment and udder depth. Substantial genetic correlations were found for the following pairs of traits: rear udder height and rear udder width (0.70), chest width and body depth (0.69), front teat placement and rear teat position (0.68), angularity and bone quality (0.67). Corresponding phenotypic correlations for most pairs of traits were similar in direction but smaller in magnitude than the genetic correlations.

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