scholarly journals Soil and foliar zinc application to biofortify broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.): effects on the zinc concentration and bioavailability

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Angelica Rivera-Martin ◽  
Martin R Broadley ◽  
Maria J Poblaciones
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Foliar Zinc Application ◽  
Zinc Application

Agronomic zinc (Zn) biofortification of crops could help to alleviate dietary Zn deficiency, which is likely to affect more than one billion people worldwide. To evaluate the efficiency of agronomic Zn biofortification of broccoli, four application treatments were tested: no Zn application (control); soil application of 5 mg/kg ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7 H<sub>2</sub>O (soil); two sprays (15 mL/pot each) of 0.25% (w/v) ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7 H<sub>2</sub>O (foliar); and soil + foliar combination. Soil Zn application increased Zn-DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) concentration by 3.7-times but did not affect plant growth or plant Zn concentration. Foliar Zn application increased stem + leaves and floret Zn concentration by 78 and 23 mg Zn/kg, respectively, with good bioavailability based on phytic acid concentration. Boiling decreased mineral concentration by 19%, but increased bioavailability by decreasing the phytic acid concentration. The entire broccoli could constitute a good nutritional source for animals and humans. An intake of 100 g boiled florets treated with the foliar treatment will cover about 36% of recommended dietary intake (RDI) of Zn, together with 30% of Ca, 94% of K, 32% of Mg, 6% of Na, 55% of P, 60% of S, 10% of Cu, 22% of Fe, 43% of Mn, and 35% of Se RDIs.

Zinc application enhances grain zinc density in genetically-zinc-biofortified wheat grown on a low-zinc calcareous soil

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Target Level ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Zn Availability ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

Human zinc (Zn) deficiency is a worldwide problem, especially in developing countries due to the prevalence of cereals in the diet. Among different alleviation strategies, genetic Zn biofortification is considered a sustainable approach. However, it may depend on Zn availability from soils. We grew Zincol-16 (genetically-Zn-biofortified wheat) and Faisalabad-08 (widely grown standard wheat) in pots with (8 mg kg−1) or without Zn application. The cultivars were grown in a low-Zn calcareous soil. The grain yield of both cultivars was significantly (P≤0.05) increased with that without Zn application. As compared to Faisalabad-08, Zincol-16 had 23 and 41% more grain Zn concentration respectively at control and applied rate of Zn. Faisalabad-08 accumulated about 18% more grain Zn concentration with Zn than Zincol-16 without Zn application. A near target level of grain Zn concentration (36 mg kg−1) was achieved in Zincol-16 only with Zn fertilisation. Over all, the findings clearly signify the importance of agronomic Zn biofortification of genetically Zn-biofortified wheat grown on a low-Zn calcareous soil.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Genotype X Environment Interactions Effect on Grain Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) Concentration in Lentils and Their Characterization under Terai Environments of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Location Interaction

Billions of peoples are directly affected from the micronutrient malnutrition called hidden hunger affecting one in three people. Micronutrient Iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) deficiencies affect large numbers of people worldwide. Iron (Fe) deficiency leads to maternal mortality, mental damage and lower disease resistant of children. Likely Zinc (Zn) deficiency is responsible for stunting, lower respiratory tract infections, and malaria and diarrhea disease in human beings. Nepalese lentils are in fact rich sources of proteins and micronutrients (Fe, Zn) for human health and straws as a valuable animal feed. It has ability to sequester N and C improves soil nutrient status, which in turn provides sustainable production systems. Twenty five lentil genotypes were evaluated to analyze genotype × environment interaction for iron and zinc concentration in the grains. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the accessions under study were found varied significantly (P=<0.001) for both seed Fe and Zn concentrations at all the three locations. Pooled analysis of variance over locations displayed highly significant (at P=<0.001) differences between genotypes, locations and genotype × location interaction for Zn micronutrient but insignificant genotype x location interaction was found in Fe micronutrient. Among 25 genotypes, the ranges for seed Fe concentration were 71.81ppm (ILL-2712)-154.03 ppm (PL-4) (mean 103.34 ppm) at Khajura, 79.89 ppm (ILL-3490)-128.14 ppm (PL-4) (mean 95.43 ppm) at Parwanipur, and 83.92 ppm (ILL-7979) -137.63 ppm (ILL-6819) (mean 103.11ppm) at Rampur, while the range across all the three locations was 82.53 ppm (ILL-7979) -133.49 ppm (PL-4) (mean 101.04 ppm). Likely the range for seed Zn concentration was 53.76 ppm (ILL-7723) – 70.15 ppm (ILL-4605) (mean 61.84 ppm) at Khajura, while the ranges for Parwanipur and Rampur were 54.21 ppm (ILL-7723) -91,94 ppm (ILL-4605) (mean 76.55 ppm) and 46.41 ppm (LG-12) – 59.95 ppm (ILL-4605) (mean 54.27 ppm) , respectively. The range across the three environments was 54.03 ppm (ILL-7723) – 75.34 ppm (HUL-57) (mean 64.22 ppm). Although both the micronutrients were influenced by environment, seed Fe was more sensitive to environmental fluctuations in comparison to seed Zn concentration. The G × E study revealed that it was proved that genotypes Sagun, RL-6 and LG-12 were more stable for seed Fe concentration and genotypes WBL-77, ILL-7164, RL-11 were found more stable for seed Zn concentration. In the AMMI analysis employing Gollob’s test, first two PC explained 100% of the G × E variation. PC 1 and PC 2 explained 87.19% and 12.81% of total G × E interactions for Fe concentration and likely for Zn concentration; PC1 and PC2 explained 70.11% and 29.88%, respectively. The critical perusal of biplot revealed that Parawnipur locations was found to discriminating power for Fe concentration while for Zn concentration Khajura location was found to be most discriminative. The critical analysis of pedigree vis-à-vis micronutrient concentration did not reveal any correlation. This is probably the first report on iron and zinc concentration in lentil from Nepal.

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT RISKS AND ZN FERTILIZATION NEEDS IN ZN BIOFORTIFICATION BREEDING IN LOWLAND RICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H.C. RUBIANES ◽  
B.P. MALLIKARJUNA SWAMY ◽  
S.E. JOHNSON-BEEBOUT
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

SUMMARYAs zinc (Zn) fertilizer and water management affect the expression of Zn-enriched grain traits in rice, we studied the effect of Zn fertilizer and water management on Zn uptake and grain yield of different biofortification breeding lines and the possible biases in selection for high grain Zn content. The first field experiment showed that longer duration genotypes had higher grain Zn uptake rate than shorter duration genotypes during grain filling. In the first greenhouse experiment, neither application of Zn fertilizer at mid-tillering nor application at flowering significantly increased the grain Zn concentration. In the second greenhouse experiment, application of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly increased the available soil Zn and plant Zn uptake but not grain Zn concentration. Terminal drying (TD) did not increase the available soil Zn or grain Zn contents. The second field experiment confirmed that differences in TD were not important in understanding differences between genotypes. Zn application is not always necessary to breeding trials unless there is a severe Zn deficiency and there is no need to carefully regulate TD prior to harvest.

scholarly journals Wheat Rhizosphere Metagenome Reveals Newfound Potential Soil Zn-Mobilizing Bacteria Contributing to Cultivars’ Variation in Grain Zn Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Wang ◽  
Zikang Guo ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Fan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Interspecies Relations ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

An effective solution to global human zinc (Zn) deficiency is Zn biofortification of staple food crops, which has been hindered by the low available Zn in calcareous soils worldwide. Many culturable soil microbes have been reported to increase Zn availability in the laboratory, while the status of these microbes in fields and whether there are unculturable Zn-mobilizing microbes remain unexplored. Here, we use the culture-independent metagenomic sequencing to investigate the rhizosphere microbiome of three high-Zn (HZn) and three low-Zn (LZn) wheat cultivars in a field experiment with calcareous soils. The average grain Zn concentration of HZn was higher than the Zn biofortification target 40 mg kg–1, while that of LZn was lower than 40 mg kg–1. Metagenomic sequencing and analysis showed large microbiome difference between wheat rhizosphere and bulk soil but small difference between HZn and LZn. Most of the rhizosphere-enriched microbes in HZn and LZn were in common, including many of the previously reported soil Zn-mobilizing microbes. Notably, 30 of the 32 rhizosphere-enriched species exhibiting different abundances between HZn and LZn possess the functional genes involved in soil Zn mobilization, especially the synthesis and exudation of organic acids and siderophores. Most of the abundant potential Zn-mobilizing species were positively correlated with grain Zn concentration and formed a module with strong interspecies relations in the co-occurrence network of abundant rhizosphere-enriched microbes. The potential Zn-mobilizing species, especially Massilia and Pseudomonas, may contribute to the cultivars’ variation in grain Zn concentration, and they deserve further investigation in future studies on Zn biofortification.

scholarly journals Good soil management can reduce dietary zinc deficiency in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneta G. Manzeke-Kangara ◽  
Edward J. M. Joy ◽  
Florence Mtambanengwe ◽  
Prosper Chopera ◽  
Michael J. Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Nutrient Resources ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

Abstract Background Dietary zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with adverse impacts on human health. Agronomic biofortification with Zn fertilizers and improved soil fertility management, using mineral and organic nutrient resources, has previously been shown to increase Zn concentration of staple grain crops, including maize. Here, we show the potential of different soil fertility management options on maize crops to reduce dietary Zn deficiency in Zimbabwe using secondary data from a set of surveys and field experiments. Methods An ex-ante approach was used, informed by published evidence from studies in three contrasting smallholder production systems in Zimbabwe. To estimate current Zn deficiency in Zimbabwe, data on dietary Zn supply from non-maize sources from the Global Expanded Nutrient Supply (GENuS) data set were linked to maize grain Zn composition observed under typical current soil fertility management scenarios. Results A baseline dietary Zn deficiency prevalence of 68% was estimated from a reference maize grain Zn composition value of 16.6 mg kg−1 and an estimated dietary Zn intake of 9.3 mg capita−1 day−1 from all food sources. The potential health benefits of reducing Zn deficiency using different soil fertility management scenarios were quantified within a Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) framework. A scenario using optimal mineral NPK fertilizers and locally available organic nutrient resources (i.e. cattle manure and woodland leaf litter), but without additional soil Zn fertilizer applications, is estimated to increase maize grain Zn concentration to 19.3 mg kg−1. This would reduce the estimated prevalence of dietary Zn deficiency to 55%, potentially saving 2238 DALYs year−1. Universal adoption of optimal fertilizers, to include soil Zn applications and locally available organic leaf litter, is estimated to increase maize grain Zn concentration to 32.4 mg kg−1 and reduce dietary Zn deficiency to 16.7%, potentially saving 9119 DALYs year−1. Potential monetized yield gains from adopting improved soil fertility management range from 49- to 158-fold larger than the potential reduction in DALYs, if the latter are monetized using standard methods. Conclusion Farmers should be incentivized to adopt improved soil fertility management to improve both crop yield and quality.

THE MECHANISM OF PHOSPHORUS-INDUCED ZINC DEFICIENCY IN BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. SINGH ◽  
R. E. KARAMANOS ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
P Application ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
Yield Responses

The nature of the P-induced Zn deficiency in bean plants was studied in a growth chamber experiment using three pedogenically different soils. Application of P (0, 40, 80 and 160 mg P kg−1 soil) resulted in significant dry matter (DM) yield increases. Maximum DM yields were attained at the 40 mg P kg−1 application rate. Application of Zn (0, 5 or 10 mg Zn kg−1 soil) without P application had no effect on DM yields of bean plants. However, Zn application in combination with P application resulted in significant DM yield responses. There was no evidence that the P-induced Zn deficiency was a result of differences in soil characteristics or influence of P on the water soluble plus exchangeable, organically bound, Mn- and Fe-oxide bound or residual Zn fractions. The Zn concentration in bean plant tops was significantly reduced due to P application and the magnitude of the reduction was greatest with the first increment of applied P (40 mg P kg−1 soil). Application of P induced Zn deficiency, at least partly, by stimulation of growth and subsequent dilution of tissue Zn concentration. Translocation of Zn from roots to tops appeared to be restricted at 80 and 160 mg applied P kg−1 soil treatments, as evidenced by the reduction of Zn uptake in non-Zn treatments. Thus, plant dilution effects and reduced translocation of Zn from roots to tops were the two mechanisms responsible for the observed P-induced Zn deficiency in this study. Key words: P × Zn interaction, plant availability, plant uptake, soil Zn fractions, soil P, Zinc-65

scholarly journals Soil-application of Zinc-EDTA Increases Leaf Photosynthesis of Immature ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Heerema ◽  
Dawn VanLeeuwen ◽  
Marisa Y. Thompson ◽  
Joshua D. Sherman ◽  
Mary J. Comeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Zn

Zinc deficiency is common in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) grown in alkaline, calcareous soils. Zinc (Zn)-deficient pecan leaves exhibit interveinal chlorosis, decreased leaf thickness, and reduced photosynthetic capacity. Low photosynthesis (Pn) contributes to restricted vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting of Zn-deficient pecan trees. Our objectives were to measure effects of soil-applied ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-chelated Zn fertilizer on gas exchange of immature ‘Wichita’ pecan and characterize the relationship between leaf Zn concentration and Pn. The study orchard had alkaline and calcareous soils and was planted in Spring 2011. Zinc was applied throughout each growing season as Zn EDTA through microsprinklers at rates of 0 (Control), 2.2, or 4.4 kg·ha−1 Zn. Leaf gas exchange and SPAD were measured on one occasion in the 2012 growing season, four in 2013, and five in 2014. Soil Zn-EDTA applications significantly increased the leaf tissue Zn concentration throughout the study. On all measurement occasions, net Pn was significantly increased by soil-applied Zn EDTA compared with the control, but Pn was not different between the two soil-applied Zn-EDTA treatments. Leaf Pn in midseason did not increase at leaf tissue Zn concentrations above 14–22 mg·kg−1. Leaf SPAD consistently followed a similar pattern to Pn. Soil Zn-EDTA application increased leaf stomatal conductance (gS) compared with the Control early through midseason but not after August. Intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly lower for Zn-EDTA-treated trees than the Control even on dates when there was no significant difference in gs, which suggests that soil application of Zn-EDTA alleviated nonstomatal limitations to Pn caused by Zn deficiency.

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