scholarly journals Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to strobilurin fungicides in Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Tóthová ◽  
Kamil Hudec ◽  
Peter Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Population Sensitivity

Rapeseed isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary 1884 from Nitra Region of Slovakia were investigated for their in vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin; and determining the EC<sub>50</sub> value. The growth of S. sclerotiorum was evaluated on PDA amended with the selected fungicide´s active ingredient at 4 different concentration – 0.08, 0.83, 8.33, and 83.30 ppm. The overall mean EC<sub>50</sub> values for azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin were 2.73 ppm and 3.12 ppm respectively. Majority of isolates had a resistance factors up to 20, that suggests the shift in S. sclerotiorum population sensitivity towards the resistance.

scholarly journals WALL STRESS IN ASCENDING AORTA ANEURYSMS AS A PREDICTIVE FACTOR OF BREAKAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Burgos Lázaro ◽  
N Burgos Frías ◽  
S Serrano-Fiz García ◽  
V Ospina Mosquera ◽  
F Rojo Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
Traction Test

Abstract INTRODUCTION The surgical indication for ascending aortic aneurysms (AAA) is established when the maximum diameter &gt; 50 mm; It responds to Laplace's Law (T wall = P × r / 2e). The aim of the study is to define wall stress in AAA. MATERIAL AND METHODS 218 ascending aortic walls have been studied: 96 from organ donors, and 122 from AAA: Marfán 58 (47.5%), bicuspid aortic valve 26 (21.4%), and atherosclerosis 38 (31.1%). The samples were studied "in vitro", according to the model Young's (relationship between stress and deformed area), by means of the mechanical traction test (Tension = Force / Area). The analysis was performed with the stress-elongation curve (d Tension / d Elongation). RESULTS The stress of the aortic wall, classified from highest to lowest according to pathology and age was: cystic necrosis of the middle layer, arteriosclerosis, age &gt; 60 years, between 35 and 59, and &lt; 34 years. The stress of “control aortas” wall increased directly in relation to the age of the donors. CONCLUSIONS The maximum diameter of the ascending aorta, the patient's type of pathology and age are factors that affect the maximum tension of the aortic wall and resistance, factors that allow differentiation and prediction of the risk of rupture of the AAA. The validation of the results obtained through numerical simulation was significant and the uniaxial analysis has modeled the response of the vessels to their internal pressure.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Mycosphaerella fijiensis from Banana to Trifloxystrobin

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1264-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Chin ◽  
M. Wirz ◽  
D. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Disease Pressure

An ascospore germination method was developed and validated to assess the sensitivity of bulk samples of Mycosphaerella fijiensis to trifloxystrobin. Using this method, the sensitivity of 142 ascospore samples from banana plantations not treated with strobilurins was analyzed to establish a baseline of pathogen sensitivity. A bulk method was utilized for monitoring purposes because it avoids potential complications due to the isolation and propagation of single-spore isolates and enables the testing of larger samples. Following intensive use of strobilurins (6 to 11 applications per year) over 4 years, under conditions of high disease pressure and the absence of sanitary measures at a development site in Costa Rica, bulk samples with 50% effective concentration (EC50) resistance factors (RFs) in excess of 500 compared with the mean baseline sensitivity were detected. Single-ascospore isolates derived from spores germinating at the discriminatory dose of 3 μg/ml were also resistant, suggesting that the frequency of resistant individuals in bulk samples could be estimated from the relative numbers of ascospores growing at this dose. The resistance of selected isolates was confirmed in planta. In vitro tests with four resistant and two sensitive single-ascospore isolates collected from different locations and times indicated possible cross-resistance of trifloxystrobin to azoxystrobin, famoxadone, and fenamidone, but not to propiconazole.

scholarly journals Four years’ monitoring of in vitro sensitivity and candidate molecular markers of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to artesunate-mefloquine combination in the Thai-Myanmar border

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Papichaya Phompradit ◽  
Poonuch Muhamad ◽  
Raewadee Wisedpanichkij ◽  
Wanna Chaijaroenkul ◽  
Kesara Na-Bangchang
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity

scholarly journals Co-operative action by endo- and exo-β-(1→3)-glucanases from parasitic fungi in the degradation of cell-wall glucans of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jones ◽  
Alex. H. Gordon ◽  
John S. D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Complete Breakdown

1. Two fungi, Coniothyrium minitans Campbell and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr., were grown on autoclaved crushed sclerotia of the species Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which they parasitize. 2. in vitro the crude culture filtrates would lyse walls isolated from hyphal cells or the inner pseudoparenchymatous cells of the sclerotia, in which a branched β-(1→3)-β-(1→6)-glucan, sclerotan, is a major constituent. 3. Chromatographic fractionation of the enzymes in each culture filtrate revealed the presence of several laminarinases, the most active being an exo-β-(1→3)-glucanase, known from previous studies to attack sclerotan. Acting alone this brought about a limited degradation of the glucan, but the addition of fractions containing an endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase led to almost complete breakdown. A similar synergism between the two enzymes was found in their lytic action on cell walls. 4. When acting alone the endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase had a restricted action, the products including a trisaccharide, tentatively identified as 62-β-glucosyl-laminaribiose. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the structure of the cell walls and of their glucan constituents.

In Vitro Sensitivity of Probiotics to Human Pancreatic Juice

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. S170-S173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Del Piano ◽  
Paolo Strozzi ◽  
Michela Barba ◽  
Serena Allesina ◽  
Francesca Deidda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Juice ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity
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