scholarly journals Assessment of gross calorific value of crop and bio-energy residues

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Jóvér János ◽  
Antal Károly ◽  
Zsembeli József ◽  
Blaskó Lajos ◽  
Tamás János
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Oil Cakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
By Products

This study assessed the gross calorific values (GCV) of crop and bio-energy residues. In addition, it assessed the calorific values of sweet sorghum to clarify its potential as energy crop in the region. Furthermore, it statistically analysed the ash remaining after burning three bio-energy residues, bagasse, oil cakes and fermented sludge of biogas production, to identify their potential for agricultural use. Finally, the study calculated alkali content based on nutrient content and GCVs. Significant differences were found among the GCVs of the investigated materials. Among the crop residues, the least significant difference (LSD) (P ≤ 0.05) of the calorimetric values was 76.26 kJ/kg, and among the by-products of bio-energy production, it was 20.80 kJ/kg. Significant differences were also found in nutrient content. In the case of the alkali content of bio-energy residues, the LSD was 0.04 kJ·kg<sup>–1</sup>. For the bagasse and compost, the study recommends some technical operations to avoid slagging.

scholarly journals Utilization of Biodiesel By-Products for Biogas Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Kolesárová ◽  
Miroslav Hutňan ◽  
Igor Bodík ◽  
Viera Špalková
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Cakes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biodiesel Purification ◽  
Washing Water ◽  
By Products

This contribution reviews the possibility of using the by-products from biodiesel production as substrates for anaerobic digestion and production of biogas. The process of biodiesel production is predominantly carried out by catalyzed transesterification. Besides desired methylesters, this reaction provides also few other products, including crude glycerol, oil-pressed cakes, and washing water. Crude glycerol or g-phase is heavier separate liquid phase, composed mainly by glycerol. A couple of studies have demonstrated the possibility of biogas production, using g-phase as a single substrate, and it has also shown a great potential as a cosubstrate by anaerobic treatment of different types of organic waste or energy crops. Oil cakes or oil meals are solid residues obtained after oil extraction from the seeds. Another possible by-product is the washing water from raw biodiesel purification, which is an oily and soapy liquid. All of these materials have been suggested as feasible substrates for anaerobic degradation, although some issues and inhibitory factors have to be considered.

scholarly journals The Effect of Biogas Slurry Application on Biomass Production and Forage Quality of Lolium Multiflorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3605
Author(s):  
Wenzhi Xu ◽  
Yongqun Zhu ◽  
Xie Wang ◽  
Lei Ji ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer

The development of ecological circular agriculture has been highly encouraged to recycle agricultural wastes, reduce mineral fertilizer input, and protect the environment. Biogas slurry (BS), a by-product of biogas production generated from anaerobic digestion of animal waste and crop residues, is often considered a substitute to reduce mineral fertilizer input. Being a cheap source of organic matter and plant nutrients, its application may improve soil fertility and yield quality and quantity. The field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to study the plant growth responses and forage quality by applying biogas slurry to replace chemical synthetic fertilizer (CSF). Results revealed that biogas slurry combination with chemical synthetic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) improved the growth of Italian ryegrass on treatment with T2, and the Italian ryegrass dry matter was increased by more than 9.00%, while the stem-to-leaf ratio was decreased by more than 12% (second cutting), in comparison with only chemical synthetic fertilizer group. In the case of forage quality, the crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) content had a significant difference was observed between the T0 and T2 treatment group. Compare with the chemical synthetic fertilizer group, the CP content improved by 10.35%, and the CF content decreased about 10.00%. Based on these results, it was concluded that the application of 37.5 kg/ha CSF + 100.5 t/ha BS could improve the production of biomass and forage quality in Italian ryegrass.

scholarly journals CO-DIGESTION OF KITCHEN WASTE WITH INTESTINAL COW DUNG FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
JU Udensi ◽  
CC Ejiogu ◽  
HO Okafor ◽  
CN Uyo ◽  
KM Iwuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

Anaerobic digestion process is gaining attention in the agriculture industry because of its potential for renewable energy production and manure stabilization. These potential benefits are significant against the current backdrop of rising energy costs and growing environmental concerns. Anaerobic digestion is a naturally occurring process through which organic matter such as manure, feed spills, meat processing wastes and crop residues are stabilized by microorganisms strictly in the absence of air. In developing countries, the inadequate management of waste particularly in urban areas where the consumption pattern have changed and the generation rate increased substantially from one location to another and from time to time. This study explored the production of biogas from kitchen wastes mixed with intestinal cow dung in a semi continuous anaerobic digester. Materials used as feed were Paw Paw, tomato, banana peels and intestinal cow dung. Various parameters were determined using standard methods; water displacement method was used to determine the volume of gas produced. The combustibility of the gas generated was tested using Bunsen burner. Microbiological methods were employed for the microbiological analysis. The temperature and pH recorded in the digester range from 27-33oC and 0-6.81c respectively. It was observed that the waste slurry produced biogas without nutrient or chemical addition to the digester. The highest volume of gas (2.8ml) was produced on the 14th day where the temperature (29oC) and pH (6.79) were relatively high. The result of the statistical analysis showed there is significant difference (P<0.05) in the slurry temperature and pH as compared to the volume of gas produced. The Bacteria isolates identified from the digester include Proteus Spp, Bacillus Spp, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella Spp and Staphyllococcus Spp. Based on this, the search for alternative source of Energy such as Biogas should be intensified so as to curb the incidence of ecological disasters like Environmental pollution, deforestation, desertification and erosion.

scholarly journals Anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure with energy crop residues for biogas production

2021 ◽  
Vol 765 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
N.A Dawi Cahyono ◽  
M.R. Shamsuddin ◽  
M. Ayoub ◽  
N. Mansor ◽  
N.H.M. Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Energy Crop

scholarly journals HYDROMETALLURGICAL METHOD OF SELECTED MET-ALS RECOVERY FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE ASHES

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Feliks Stachowicz ◽  
Beata Pawłowska ◽  
Marta Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method ◽  
By Products

<p class="Metallographymaintext"><em>With the increasing number of new residents attached to the sewerage system, the amount of generated sewage sludge is systematically growing. In line with the restriction placed on landfill waste with a calorific value above 6 MJ/kg introduced on 1 January 2016, the most popular sewage sludge utilization methods are thermal processes and agricultural use.  In recent years, there has been increased interest in using thermal sewage sludge utilization methods. The major problem associated with sludge combustion is the enormous amount of by-products, particularly ashes. </em><em>Due to the specific characteristics, it is necessary to develop new sewage sludge ashes utilization methods in line with economic, law and environmental requirements. </em><em>Sewage sludge ashes are rich in valuable metals, particularly in zinc, copper and iron. As utilization methods of sewage sludge ashes do not guarantee the metals recovery until now, metals are lost irretrievably. This article presents hydrometallurgical methods of metals recovery from sewage sludge ashes with the use of acid leaching. The aforementioned propositions are beneficial from the economical and environmental point of view because they prevent valuable metals from waste. Additionally, the whole undertaking could contribute to the popularization of sustainable development.</em></p>

Preliminary results of the optimization of biogas production at the biogas station of the national research institute of animal production in Grodziec Sląski – Kostkowice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
K. Węglarzy ◽  
Yu. Shliva ◽  
B. Matros ◽  
G. Sych
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
By Products

Aim. To optimize the methane digestion process while using different recipes of substrate components of ag- ricultural origin. Methods. The chemical composition of separate components of the substrate of agricultural by-products, industrial wastes, fats of the agrorefi nery and corn silage was studied. Dry (organic) mass, crude protein (fat) fi ber, loose ash, nitrogen-free exhaust were estimated in the components and the productivity of biogas was determined along with the methane content. These data were used as a basis for daily recipes of the substrate and the analysis of biogas production at the biogas station in Kostkowice. Results. The application of by-products of agricultural production solves the problem of their storage on boards and in open containers, which reduces investment costs, related to the installation of units for their storage. Conclusions. The return on investment for obtaining electric energy out of agricultural biogas depends considerably on the kind of the substrate used and on technological and market conditions.

scholarly journals Performance Optimisation of Fuel Pellets Comprising Pepper Stem and Coffee Grounds through Mixing Ratios and Torrefaction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4667
Author(s):  
Sunyong Park ◽  
Hui-Rim Jeong ◽  
Yun-A Shin ◽  
Seok-Jun Kim ◽  
Young-Min Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
Fuel Characteristics ◽  
By Products

Agricultural by-products have several disadvantages as fuel, such as low calorific values and high ash contents. To address these disadvantages, this study examined the mixing of agricultural by-products and spent coffee grounds, for use as a solid fuel, and the improvement of fuel characteristics through torrefaction. Pepper stems and spent coffee grounds were first dried to moisture contents of <15% and then combined, with mixing ratios varying from 9:1 to 6:4. Fuel pellets were produced from these mixtures using a commercial pelletiser, evaluated against various standards, and classified as grade A, B, or Bio-SRF. The optimal ratio of pepper stems to spent coffee grounds was determined to be 8:2. The pellets were torrefied to improve their fuel characteristics. Different torrefaction temperatures improved the mass yields of the pellets to between 50.87% and 88.27%. The calorific value increased from 19.9% to 26.8% at 290 °C. The optimal torrefaction temperature for coffee ground pellets was 230 °C, while for other pellets, it was 250 °C. This study provides basic information on the potential enhancement of agricultural by-products for fuel applications.

scholarly journals Recycling Biogas Digestate from Energy Crops: Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Roberta Pastorelli ◽  
Giuseppe Valboa ◽  
Alessandra Lagomarsino ◽  
Arturo Fabiani ◽  
Stefania Simoncini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Digestate from biogas production can be recycled to the soil as conditioner/fertilizer improving the environmental sustainability of the energy supply chain. In a three-year maize-triticale rotation, we investigated the short-term effects of digestate on soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties and evaluated its effectiveness in complementing the mineral fertilizers. Digestate soil treatments consisted of combined applications of the whole digestate and its mechanically separated solid fraction. Digestate increased soil total organic C, total N and K contents. Soil bulk density was not affected by treatments, while aggregate stability showed a transient improvement due to digestate treatments. A decrement of the transmission pores proportion and an increment of fissures was observed in digestate treated soils. Soil microbial community was only transiently affected by digestate treatments and no soil contamination from Clostridiaceae-related bacteria were observed. Digestate can significantly impair seed germination when applied at low dilution ratios. Crop yield under digestate treatment was similar to ordinary mineral-based fertilization. Overall, our experiment proved that the agronomic recycling of digestate from biogas production maintained a fair crop yield and soil quality. Digestate was confirmed as a valid resource for sustainable management of soil fertility under energy-crop farming, by combining a good attitude as a fertilizer with the ability to compensate for soil organic C loss.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Energy Crop Rotations and Fertilisation with the Liquid Digestate Phase on Organic Carbon in the Topsoil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
Karin S. Levin ◽  
Karl Auerswald ◽  
Hans Jürgen Reents ◽  
Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Liquid Digestate ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Positive Effect

Combining organic farming and biogas production from agricultural feedstocks has been suggested as a way of achieving carbon (C) neutrality in Europe. However, as the long-term effects of C removal for methane production on soil organic carbon (SOC) are unclear, organic farmers in particular have questioned whether farm biogas production will have a positive effect on soil fertility. Eight years of data from an organic long-term field trial involving digestate fertilisation and various crop rotations (CRs) with differing proportions of clover-grass leys were used to calculate C inputs based on the CANDY model, and these modelled changes compared with measured changes in SOC content (SOCc) over the same period. Measured SOCc increased by nearly 20% over the eight years. Digestate fertilisation significantly increased SOCc. Fertilised plots with the highest proportion of clover-grass in the CR had the highest SOCc. The C inputs from clover-grass leys, even if they only made up 25% of the CR, were high enough to increase SOCc, even with the removal of all aboveground biomass and without fertilisation. Our results show that biogas production based on clover-grass leys could be an important part of sustainable farming, improving or maintaining SOCc and improving nutrient flows, particularly in organic farming, while simultaneously providing renewable energy.

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