scholarly journals Investigating the out-of-roundness and pith-off-centre in stems of three broadleaved species in Hyrcanian forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fallah ◽  
N. Riahifar ◽  
K. Barari ◽  
A. Parsakhoo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Hyrcanian Forests ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alnus Subcordata ◽  
Pith Eccentricity ◽  
Diameter Classes

The out-of-roundness and pith-off-centre of Alnus subcordata, Acer velutinum and Quercus castaneifolia growing in Hyrcanian forests of Iran were investigated. Stem disks were cut from the breast height and stump height of felled trees in diameter classes of 20 cm to 90 cm. Results indicated that the pith eccentricity for Acer velutinum was significantly greater than that of Alnus subcordata and Quercus castaneifolia (P < 0.01). The pith-off-centre significantly increased with increasing stem diameter from 20 cm to 50 cm, while no significant difference were observed for pith-off-centre index from diameter class of 55 cm to 90 cm. The out-of-roundness in stems of Acer velutinum and Alnus subcordata was significantly greater than that of Quercus castaneifolia (P < 0.01). Moreover, out-of-roundness significantly decreased with increasing stem diameters from 20 cm to 45 cm except for 35 cm. There were no significant differences among diameter classes from 60 cm to 85 cm with respect to out-of-roundness. For all the species, the out-of-roundness and pith-off-centre at stump height were greater than those at breast height.

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. by Air Layering under Sahelian Climate in Niger

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maman Kamal Abdou Habou ◽  
Habou Rabiou ◽  
Laouali Abdou ◽  
Boubacar Moussa Mamoudou ◽  
Ismaël Bio Yandou` ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Diameter Classes

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. is a fruit species from the Sahelian and Sudano-sahelian zones, highly appreciated by the population. It provides a source of income for the rural population and its various parts are used for human and animal food, handicrafts and traditional medicine. However, the lack of data on propagation techniques of the species is a significant limitation to its domestication. This study aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of Balanites aegyptiaca by air layering. The trials were conducted in the Arboretum of Sahara Sahel Foods in Zinder, Niger. The layers were placed on orthotropic branches. The variables selected were the diameter class (1-2 cm, 2-3 cm and 3-4 cm) and the substrates (sand+manure, sand+sawdust and sand). A total of 116 layers were made. The results show that 93.1% of the layers have taken root two months after realization. The diameter classes and the three substrates have no significant influence on the number of roots. In contrast, root length varied significantly with substrates (P = 0.000) and branch diameter classes (P = 0.031). As for the diameter of the newly formed roots, a significant difference was observed between the diameter classes and the substrates have no significant effect on this parameter. One month after weaning of layers, an average survival rate of 68.5% was obtained. The seedlings of the diameter class 2-3 cm have the highest survival rate (83.1%). These results suggest that it is possible to produce Balanites aegyptiaca plants by air layering, and could contribute to the development of strategies adapted to its domestication.

Estimation of coarse root biomass and nutrient content for sugar maple, jack pine, and black spruce using stem diameter at breast height

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Claude Camiré ◽  
Marcel Brazeau ◽  
Jean-David Moore
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Breast Height

Estimates of belowground biomass and mineralomass are fundamental to understanding carbon and element cycling in forest ecosystems. At two sites, we measured coarse root (diameter ≥2 mm) biomass by diameter class and their mineralomass for sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.), black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), and jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees to relate them to stem diameter at breast height (DBH). All regressions describing coarse root biomass and nutrient content as a function of stem DBH were highly significant (r2 ≥ 0.89, P < 0.001). Root mineral element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) concentrations varied with tree species and root diameter class. Sugar maple roots had higher N, P, and S concentrations than the other two tree species. Black spruce had higher root Ca concentrations. Element concentrations increased consistently with the reduction of root diameter for the three studied species. We also found that the horizontal root extent of sugar maple was related to tree DBH. In conjunction with other studies, the relationship suggests that this tree species could tolerate a 10%–20% root loss but not losses ≥28%–34%; otherwise, sugar maple health and vigour would be compromised in the short term.

scholarly journals Stacked volume conversion factor for geometric volume of Eucalyptus sp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
André Salgado De Andrade Sandim ◽  
Ariadna Coelho Mota ◽  
Mario Lima Dos Santos ◽  
Welton Dos Santos Barros ◽  
Beatriz Cordeiro Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Conversion Factors ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clonal Plantation ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Diameter Classes

Post-harvest, wood volume can be calculated with a stacking factor which can be influenced by diameter classes involved. Consequently, the following question arises: there is a difference between the volume conversion factor for stacked to geometric volume between piles of clonal plantation logs of different diameters classes? The hypothesis is: if smaller logs have a higher stacked to geometric volume conversion factor, between-log voids will be smaller and the overall stacks will therefore have lower volumes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare stacking and cubing factors in stacks of logs with different diameters for two Eucalyptus sp. clones. The study was conducted in Barra do Corda municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil. Timber was laid in piles of logs by diameter class, composed of logs of smaller (9-10.99 cm) and larger (11-13 cm) diameters. Stacking factor means for clone 1 were 1.88 for the larger diameter and 2.00 for the smaller diameter class, while for clone 2 mean values were 1.62 and 1.65, for stacks with larger and smaller diameter classes, respectively. For logs from the same clone there was no significant difference for the conversion factors between the stacks with the largest and smallest diameter. However, there was a significant difference in the conversion factors between the two clones, proving the hypothesis tested. Thus, for each genetic lineage, a proper stacking factor must be established so that the estimated volume comes close to the real value.

scholarly journals Comparing the Use of Three Dendrometers for Measuring Diameters at Breast Height

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangbin Liu ◽  
Walter Bitterlich ◽  
Chris J. Cieszewski ◽  
Michal J. Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Clinical Measurement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Diameter Classes

Abstract Three dendrometers are used to measure dbh. Two of the devices are the well-known and widely used d-tape and caliper. The third device is the lesser-known sector fork. In this study, measurements of dbh were collected from each dendrometer for each tree in nine plots, with each of the three plots nested in one of the diameter classes (small, medium, and large). The results from repeated-measures analysis of variance show that different dendrometers, the interaction between the dendrometer and diameter class, and the interaction between the dendrometer and plot significantly affected the dbh measurements. Statistically significant differences were detected in most of the comparisons of dbh measured by the three dendrometers. However, the actual mean differences and limits of agreement (Bland, J.M., and D.G. Altman. 1986. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1:307–310) were small enough to support the claim that the dbh measurements made by the three dendrometers agree well in measurements of the small and medium trees (in this study, dbh of <16 in.). Thus, these statistically significant differences are not biologically and/or practically important. For the large trees (dbh 16 in. or more), the dbh measured by d-tape and caliper still agreed well. The sector fork should be used cautiously in measuring large trees.

scholarly journals Height, branch-free bole length and bark thickness for six tree species used medicinally in South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Williams ◽  
E.T.F. Witkowski ◽  
K. Balkwill
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tree Stem ◽  
Trade Monitoring

Information on tree stem characteristics and dimensions is sparse, especially information that would enhance conservation and trade monitoring efforts for species where bark is harvested for medicinal use. Several tree stem characteristics were investigated during a study on the relationship between bark thickness and stem diameter, and this paper presents the mean height, branch-free bole length and wet and oven-dry bark thickness per stem diameter-class for six species. Additionally, prediction tables are constructed that allow bark thickness to be determined from diameter at breast height.

scholarly journals Biomass Allocation and Carbon Stock in Elm (Ulmus Wallichiana Planch) Plantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Shabir Rather ◽  
K.N. Qaisar ◽  
Sabeena Nabi ◽  
R. Banyal ◽  
P.A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diameter Classes

The present investigation was conducted on a 22- year old Elm plantation established at Wadura campus of SKUAST-Kashmir. Four diameter classes viz., D1 (5-10cm), D2 (10-15cm), D3 (15-20cm) and D4 (>20cm) were stratified from the plantation and 24 trees (6 from each diameter class) were randomly selected and felled in the year 2015. The growth parameters of the trees increased with increase in the diameter class. The maximum height, dbh, basal area and stem volume were 14.98m, 23.77cm, 0.044m2 and 0.400m3, respectively. Biomass per tree of all tree components viz., stem, branches, foliage and roots showed significant increase with increase in the diameter of the trees. The total biomass, carbon stock and carbon dioxide equivalent increased from lower to higher diameter classes. The highest values observed for these parameters were 475.54 kg/tree (fresh), 148.59 kg/tree and 543.82 kg/tree, respectively under D4 diameter class. The biomass allocation coefficient of branch and root (BACb and BACr) attained higher values in lower diameter classes. The maximum and minimum values of these coefficients were 0.158 and 0.085; 0.298 and 0.278, respectively under D1 and D4 diameter classes. The size of trees did not produce significant effect on the biomass allocation coefficient of foliage (BACf). The diameter of the trees produced non-significant difference in the growth efficiency (GE) of different tree components.

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation Trial of Prosopis africana (Guill. et Perr.) Taub. by Air Layering under Sudano-Sahelian Climate in the South-Central Niger

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Laouali Abdou ◽  
Saley Karim ◽  
Rabiou Habou ◽  
Ali Mahamane
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
The South ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
South Central ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wood Debris ◽  
Prosopis Africana ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Diameter Classes

Prosopis africana is a species of great socioeconomic importance but threatened with extinction in Niger because of overuse and regeneration problem. This study, conducted in the Maradi (Niger) area, precisely at El Gueza in the south of Gazaoua department, aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of P. africana by air layering under the Sudano-Sahelian climate of the south-central Niger. A ring of bark was taken on each selected branch and the wound was covered with a black plastic filled with a damp mixture of soil and wood debris. The chosen parameters are the diameter class and the position on the branch. In all, 60 branches were treated and followed for 130 days: 28.33% produced shoots and there was no significant difference between the diameter classes and between the positions. These results show that propagating trees of the species by air layering is possible and this technique can be used to multiply and keep this species, which will reduce the regeneration problem linked to a low seed germination rate.

Le système radiculaire dans les érablières du Québec. I. Nouvelle méthode d'estimation du volume et de la masse des radicelles

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1562-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernand Pagé ◽  
Bady Badibanga ◽  
Annie Sauvesty ◽  
Colette Ansseau
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Truncated Cone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diameter Classes

A method for rapidly estimating the rootlet volume and mass in sugar maple groves was developed in relation with the rootlet size. Soil samples were obtained with corers and cut in 2-cm thick slices. The number of rootlets of diameter classes <0.3, 0.3–0.5, 0.5–0.8, and 0.8–1.0 mm were determined under microscope (× 150) on the upper surface of slices. Rootlet surface for each class was measured on thin sections of soil, with an optic microscope connected to a digitalizing board. Mean rootlet surface [Formula: see text] showed a small standard deviation within each diameter class. The rootlet surface (S) on a surface of soil St can be estimated as [Formula: see text], where N is the number of rootlets observed in nc fields of observation, each field having a surface So. If two soil slices are located at depths h1 and h2, respectively, and if the rootlet surfaces of those slices are S1 and S2, the rootlet volume V of the first slice corresponds approximately to the volume of a truncated cone, and can be calculated as V = [S1 + S2 + (S1S2)0,5] (h2–h1)/3. The rootlet density (g•cm−3 of root) was also determined for each diameter class. The standard deviation from [Formula: see text], the mean density for each diameter class was small. Thus, the rootlet mass M was determined as [Formula: see text]. Estimated and real rootlet volume and mass values were compared. A difference of about 10% was found between estimated and real values.

scholarly journals Relationship between Growth and Wood properties in Agathis sp. Planted in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Kazuko Makino ◽  
Imam Wahyudi ◽  
Jun Tanabe ◽  
Yuya Takashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The present study clarified the relationship between the growth and wood properties of 54-year-old Agathis sp. trees planted in Indonesia. Stem diameter, pilodyn penetration, and stress-wave velocity (SWV) were measured for all trees (35 trees) in a plot (30  30 m) located almost at the center of a stand. Based on the mean stem diameter, 10 standard trees in a plot were selected for measuring the basic density (BD) and compressive strength parallel to grain (CS). Core samples (5 mm in diameter) were collected from the 10 selected trees to determine BD and CS. The mean stem diameter, pilodyn penetration and SWV in the plot were 40.2  11.3 cm, 23.4  2.1 cm, and 3.85  0.43 km/s, respectively. No  significant correlation coefficeint (r = -0.327, no significance at 5% level) was obtained between stem diameter and SWV. The mean BD and CS in the 10 trees were 0.42  0.03 g/cm3  and 28.1  2.7 MPa, respectively. A significant positive  correlation was observed between BD and CS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between BD and CS values of the 10 trees, indicating that wood properties may differ among trees with the same standard growth in a stand. From these results, we concluded that wood quality improvement in this species could be achieved by selecting  trees with high density and strength in tree breeding programs.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar on Soluble Sugar Content in Peach Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07010
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Zhiyu Li ◽  
Jinpeng Zhu ◽  
Yuxi Wang ◽  
Tonghao Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Rape Straw ◽  
Significant Difference

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different biochar types [addition of rape straw biochar (RB), addition of paddy straw biochar (PB), addition of wheat straw biochar (WB) and addition of corn straw biochar (MB)] on the soluble sugar content and plant height of peach seedlings. The result showed that the soluble sugar content in roots and leaves of peach seedlings treated with biochar was lower than the control. However, the soluble sugar content in stems was higher than control compared with the control. In the soluble sugar content in the aboveground part, there was no significant difference between the treatment of adding biochar and the control except for the treatment of PB. All the treatment of adding biochar increased the plant height of peach seedlings except the treatment of MB than the control and the treatment of RB and PB were at a higher level. Compared to control, all biochar addition treatments increased stem diameter of peach seedlings and the treatment of RB and PB were at a higher level. Therefore, the treatment of RB and PB was beneficial to the growth of peach seedlings.

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