scholarly journals Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter, 1891) – a new pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Panchaetothripinae) in Slovakia

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Varga
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
A New Species ◽  
New Pest

Monitoring of pest species in plant production and extended trade on ornamental plant material, including precise identification, are the main goals of modern plant protection. As a result, a new species of phytophagous thrips – <I>Hercinothrips femoralis</I> (Reuter, 1891) was recorded in Slovakia (experimental greenhouse in Comenius University, Bratislava) in mid 2007. Some plant specimens infested by this pest showed signs of lesions especially on young leaves. The species has been reported in more European countries recently. Due to the potential damage it can cause, increased attention should be paid to pest monitoring.

Description of a new pest species of Hemilecanium Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on mango from Thailand, and a key to species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1045 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKUMASA KONDO ◽  
MICHAEL L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar ◽  
A New Species ◽  
New Pest

The adult female and first-instar nymph of a new species of soft scale insect, Hemilecanium mangiferae Kondo & Williams sp. nov., are described and illustrated. This species was collected on the trunk and branches of mango, Mangifera indica L., in Nakhon Pathom and Sukhothai Provinces, Thailand. The insect can cause serious damage by depleting the host sap and by producing large amounts of honeydew on which sooty molds grow. Damage was severe on the local mango cultivar, Nam DokMai. Also included are a revised diagnosis of the genus, a revised key to the adult females of the five species currently placed in the genus, and a key to the known firstinstar nymphs.La hembra adulta y la ninfa del primer estadio de una nueva especie de escama blanda, Hemilecanium mangiferae Kondo & Williams sp. nov., se describe e ilustra. Esta especie fue colectada en el tronco y ramas del mango: Mangifera indica L. en las provincias de Nakhon Pathom y Sukhothai, Tailandia. Este insecto puede causar daños severos al mango deprivando el árbol de savia, y produciendo gran cantidad de melado cual induce el crecimiento de fumaginas. El daño fue más severo en un cultivar local conocido como Nam Dokmai. Tambien se incluyen una diagnosis revisada para el género, una clave revisada para las hembras adultas de las cinco especies actualmente incluidas en el género, más una clave para las ninfas del primer estadio conocidas.

scholarly journals Managing pH of Organic Matrices and New Commercial Substrates for Ornamental Plant Production: A Methodological Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Sonia Cacini ◽  
Sara Di Lonardo ◽  
Simone Orsenigo ◽  
Daniele Massa
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Coir Dust ◽  
Organic Matrices ◽  
Substrate Mixtures

Professional peat-free substrates for ornamental plant production are increasingly required by nursery growers. Most promising materials are green compost, coconut coir dust, and woody fibre, used alone or in mixtures. One of the major concerns is pH, usually higher than optimal. In this work, a method based on a three-step procedure was adopted to acidify three organic matrices alone or in mixtures and to individuate the most suitable product, between iron(II) sulphate 7-hydrate and elemental sulphur chips. Firstly, the determination of the buffering capacity by dilution with sulphuric acid was carried out to determine dosages. Afterwards, an incubation trial of 84 (iron(II) sulphate) or 120 days (sulphur chips) was conducted on matrices and substrate mixtures with calculated doses in a climatic chamber maintained at 21 °C. Iron(II) sulphate resulted not suitable because it caused a rapid, but not lasting, pH lowering and an excessive electrical conductivity (EC) increase. Sulphur chips could instead guarantee an adequate and lasting pH lowering. These results were then validated in the open field trial on matrices and substrates. The proposed acidification methodology could be considered in developing new substrates, but the rapidity of pH acidification and EC increase on plant and mineral nutrition should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Defensive Mechanism of Arachis hypogaea in Response to Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Zhao ◽  
Quanxi Sun ◽  
Caixia Yan ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Young Leaves

Abiotic stresses comprise all nonliving factors, such as soil salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, and metal toxicity, posing a serious threat to agriculture and affecting the plant production around the world. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important crops for vegetable oil, proteins, minerals, and vitamins in the world. Therefore, it is of importance to understand the molecular mechanism of peanut against salt stress. Six transcriptome sequencing libraries including 24-hour salt treatments and control samples were constructed from the young leaves of peanut. A comprehensive analysis between two groups detected 3,425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 2,013 upregulated genes and 1,412 downregulated genes. Of these DEGs, 141 transcription factors (TFs) mainly consisting of MYB, AP2/ERF, WRKY, bHLH, and HSF were identified in response to salinity stress. Further, GO categories of the DEGs highly related to regulation of cell growth, cell periphery, sustained external encapsulating structure, cell wall organization or biogenesis, antioxidant activity, and peroxidase activity were significantly enriched for upregulated DEGs. The function of downregulated DEGs was mainly enriched in regulation of metabolic processes, oxidoreductase activity, and catalytic activity. Fourteen DEGs with response to salt tolerance were validated by real-time PCR. Taken together, the identification of DEGs’ response to salt tolerance of cultivated peanut will provide a solid foundation for improving salt-tolerant peanut genetic manipulation in the future.

Regulatory aspects of RNAi in plant production.

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Werner Schenkel ◽  
Achim Gathmann
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Relevant Aspect ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Intended Use

Abstract Technologies based on RNA interference (RNAi) may be used in plant production in different contexts. With respect to applicable regulations, a major distinction is to be made between plants producing small RNA molecules due to modifications of the genome and topically applied plant protection products (PPPs) based on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The first group may be further divided into those using RNAi technology to achieve changes in the plant's metabolism and those where plant-produced RNA molecules are intended to impact other organisms that interact with the plant. For PPPs, relevant aspects are whether the product contains living organisms or only purified molecules. The intended use of the product is another relevant aspect with respect to regulation. It is expected that PPPs will be among the first products utilizing the RNAi mechanism in the European Union. This chapter discusses the regulation of modified RNAi plants and the regulation of PPPs utilizing RNAi mechanisms.

9. Plant Variety Rights and Supplementary Protection Certificates

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-218
Author(s):  
Justine Pila ◽  
Paul L.C. Torremans
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Regulatory Approval ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Limited Period

This chapter completes the discussion of European patent and related rights by examining the European systems governing the grant of plant variety rights (PVRs) and supplementary protection certificates (SPCs) respectively. Plant variety rights are sui generis rights conferred on application to breeders of certain strains of plant material. In Europe there exist national and Community PVR systems, all of which confer exclusive rights to prevent the commercial exploitation of previously non-commercialized varieties for a limited period within the territory of the relevant state and EU respectively. The SPC system governs the grant of domestic rights conferring follow-on protection for patented medicinal and plant protection products the commercialization of which has been delayed by the need to satisfy regulatory approval requirements.

scholarly journals Trend of Biotechnology Applications in Pest Management: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-131
Author(s):  
Melaku Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Breeding Techniques

There are many constraints that severely affect the global agricultural production and productivity which include the ever increasing of population growth, degradation of natural resources, climate changes and emerging pests. Among these factors, biotic constraints or pests are known to cause 25-50% or complete loss of plant production. Accordingly, various plant protection technologies have been deployed with the trend of focusing on the use modern biotechnological tools that are proven to be most effective and mandatory. The review covers a wide array of pest management methods ranging from the conventional biological control methods up to molecular breeding techniques. Furthermore, the application of new genetic engineering techniques fueled by new breakthroughs and innovations are the cornerstone of this review. Accordingly, the continuous increasing trend of GM crops cultivation in both crop type and hectare has urged many countries to deploy the technology as a key strategy to enhance their bioeconomy. In fact, plant protection is the discipline that immensely benefit from biotechnology than any other disciplines for ensuring food security and sustainable development. However, in order to fully exploit the enormous potential of biotechnology, appropriate biosafety regulatory frameworks and proper stewardship programs need to be effectively implemented. This integrated approach can promptly help respond to the ever-dynamic threat of pests and hence reliably combat food insecurity and ably contribute to sustainable development. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(2): 108-131

scholarly journals Natural Compounds as Elicitors of Plant Resistance Against Diseases and New Biocontrol Strategies

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jamiołkowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
New Strategies

The goal of sustainable and organic agriculture is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals, and people. Organic plant production uses natural products and natural self-regulation processes occurring in the ecosystem. The availability of innovative applications and molecular techniques opens up new possibilities in the approach to plant protection for sustainable and organic agriculture. New strategies not only directly protect plants against pathogens but can also induce enhanced immunity that permanently protects against pathogenic strains. This review focuses on the bioactive properties of selected natural compounds (of plant and animal origin), their action on pathogens, and their roles in the mechanism of inducing plant resistance. The author presents selected activities of organic bioactive compounds, such as allicin, naringin, terpenes, laminarin, carrageenans, chitin and chitosan, and outlines the possibilities for their application in protecting crop plants against diseases. In addition, this mini review describes the mechanism of action of the above compounds as elicitors of defense reactions in the plant and the possibility of their utilization in the production of biological preparations as elements of a new plant protection strategy.

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