scholarly journals Parasitoids of cereal leaf beetle, Oulema gallaeciana (Heyden, 1879)

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jeloková ◽  
J. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
To Receive

Cereal leaf beetles are serious animal pests of crops in many areas of western and eastern Slovakia. Research was carried out in these areas in order to receive knowledge on occurrence of natural enemies of <I>Oulema gallaeciana</I>. We were detecting particular species of parasitoids parasitising <I>Oulema gallaeciana</I> and their spreading in particular area. The results showed that dominant parasitoid was <I>Necremnus leucarthros</I>. Other parasitoids with bigger proportion on parasitisation were<I> Pteromalus vibulenus</I> and <I>Diplazon</I> spp. with parasitisation up to 30%. In respect of significant parasitisation of <I>Oulema gallaeciana</I> by parasitoid <I>Necremnus leucarthros</I>, it would be appropriate to use this species for biological control of cereal leaf beetle.

scholarly journals Dispersal in Host–Parasitoid Interactions: Crop Colonization by Pests and Specialist Enemies

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Evans
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Spatial Refuge ◽  
Northern Utah

Interactions of insect pests and their natural enemies increasingly are being considered from a metapopulation perspective, with focus on movements of individuals among habitat patches (e.g., individual crop fields). Biological control may be undercut in short-lived crops as natural enemies lag behind the pests in colonizing newly created habitat. This hypothesis was tested by assessing parasitism of cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus) and alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) larvae at varying distances along transects into newly planted fields of small grains and alfalfa in northern Utah. The rate of parasitism of cereal leaf beetles and alfalfa weevils by their host-specific parasitoids (Tetrastichus julis (Eulophidae) and Bathyplectes curculionis (Ichneumonidae), respectively) was determined for earliest maturing first generation host larvae. Rates of parasitism did not vary significantly with increasing distance into a newly planted field (up to 250–700 m in individual experiments) from the nearest source field from which pest and parasitoid adults may have immigrated. These results indicate strong, rapid dispersal of the parasitoids in pursuing their prey into new habitat. Thus, across the fragmented agricultural landscape of northern Utah, neither the cereal leaf beetle nor the alfalfa weevil initially gained substantial spatial refuge from parasitism by more strongly dispersing than their natural enemies into newly created habitat. Additional studies, including those of colonization of newly planted crops by generalist pests and natural enemies, are called for in assessing these results with a broader perspective.

scholarly journals Linear woody landscape elements may help to mitigate leaf surface loss caused by the cereal leaf beetle

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2225-2238
Author(s):  
Károly Lajos ◽  
Orsolya Császár ◽  
Miklós Sárospataki ◽  
Ferenc Samu ◽  
Ferenc Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Surface Loss ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle

Abstract Context Woody semi-natural habitats serve as permanent habitats and hibernation sites for natural enemies and, through spillover processes, they play an important role in the biological control of insect pests. However, this service is also dependent on the amount and configuration of the dominating woody habitat types: linear landscape elements (hedgerows, shelterbelts), and more evenly extended plantations. Relating natural enemy action to the landscape context can help to identify the effect of woody habitats on biological control effectiveness. Objectives In the Central European agricultural landscapes such as in the Hungarian lowlands, where our study took place, woody linear elements are characterised by high, while woody areal elements, mostly plantations, by low biological and structural diversity. In this study, we aimed to determine which composition and configuration of woody linear and areal habitats in the landscape may enhance the effect of natural enemy action on plant damage caused by the cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Oulema melanopus). Methods Herbivory suppression by natural enemies was assessed from the leaf damage difference between caged and open treatments. These exclusion experiments were carried out in 34 wheat fields on plants with controlled CLB infections. The results were related to landscape structure, quantified by different landscape metrics of both woody linear and areal habitats inside buffers between 150 and 500 m radii, surrounding the wheat fields. Results The exclusion of natural enemies increased the leaf surface loss caused by CLBs in all fields. Shelterbelts and hedgerows in 150–200 m vicinity of the wheat fields had a strong suppressing effect on CLB damage, while the presence of plantations at 250 m and further rather impeded natural enemy action. Conclusions Our results indicate that shelterbelts and hedgerows may provide a strong spillover of natural enemies, thus contribute to an enhanced biological control of CLBs.

scholarly journals Host Specificity of the Parasitic Wasp Anaphes flavipes (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and a New Defence in Its Hosts (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Oulema spp.)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Alena Samková ◽  
Jiří Hadrava ◽  
Jiří Skuhrovec ◽  
Petr Janšta
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Study Laboratory

The parasitic wasp Anaphes flavipes (Förster, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is an important egg parasitoid of cereal leaf beetles. Some species of cereal leaf beetle co-occur in the same localities, but the host specificity of the wasp to these crop pests has not yet been examined in detail. A lack of knowledge of host specificity can have a negative effect on the use of this wasps in biological control programs addressed to specific pest species or genus. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the host specificity of A. flavipes for three species of cereal leaf beetles (Oulema duftschmidi Redtenbacher, 1874, Oulema gallaeciana Heyden, 1879 and Oulema melanopus Linnaeus, 1758) in central Europe. For the first time, a new host defence against egg parasitoids occurring in O. gallaeciana from localities in the Czech Republic, a strong dark sticky layer on the egg surface, was found and described. The host specificity of A. flavipes was studied in the locality with the presence of this defence on O. gallaeciana eggs (the dark sticky layer) (Czech Republic) and in a control locality (Germany), where no such host defence was observed. Contrary to the idea that a host defence mechanism can change the host specificity of parasitoids, the wasps from these two localities did not display any differences in that. Respectively, even though it has been observed that eggs with sticky dark layer can prevent parasitization, the overall rate of parasitization of the three species of cereal beetles has not been affected. However, in our view, new host defence can influence the effects of biological control, as eggs of all Oulema spp. in the locality are protected against parasitization from the wasps stuck on the sticky layer of the host eggs of O. gallaeciana.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Assessment of potential non-target effects of Tetrastichus julis, a biological control agent of the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus

BioControl ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-413
Author(s):  
Vincent A. D. Hervet ◽  
Héctor A. Cárcamo ◽  
Lloyd M. Dosdall ◽  
Terry D. Miller ◽  
Swaroop V. Kher
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Oulema Melanopus ◽  
Target Effects

scholarly journals Anatomical features of leaves of three cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and settling the plants by cereal leaf beetles, Oulema spp. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Grzegorz Soczyński
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Made In

Investigations of flag leaves anatomy of three winter wheat cultivars: Almari, Gama and Weneda were carried out as it was state that there are great differences in the intensity of cereal leaf beetle feeding on the leaves. In order to determine the features conditioning the differentiated resistance of these cultivars following parameters were measured: the thickness of leaf blade, the length of trichomes and their density in the adaxial epidermis, the number of silicon cells in 1 mm<sup>2</sup> epidermis and the thickness of the external cell walls of epidermis. The observations of cross section of the leaves were made in a light microscope and that of surface of the adaxial epidermis in a scanning electron microscope. In this study it was shown that Gama cv. distinguishes of the shortest trichomes with poor density, the lowest number of the silicon cells in 1 mm<sup>2</sup> and epidermis cells with the thinest walls. This features indicate a poor resistance of Gama cv. against feeding of the pests and give reasons for the presence a much higher number of the cereal leaf beetle larvae (about 100%) than at the extant two cultivars. Dependence between the thickness of leaf blades and the number of larvae of the infesting pests has not been stated.

Assessment of potential non-target effects of Tetrastichus julis, a biological control agent of the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus

BioControl ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent A. D. Hervet ◽  
Héctor A. Cárcamo ◽  
Lloyd M. Dosdall ◽  
Terry D. Miller ◽  
Swaroop V. Kher
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Oulema Melanopus ◽  
Target Effects

scholarly journals The effect of growing mixtures of spring barley cultivars on pest occurrence and yields

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-311
Author(s):  
Anna Tratwal ◽  
Kamila Roik ◽  
Jan Bocianowski
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Growing Seasons

ABSTRACT . Experiments were conducted in the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons at two locations differing in their edaphic and meteorological conditions to assess the effects of mixtures of spring barley cultivars on the occurrence of harmful pests and yields. The most significant pests in the experiment on spring barley in pure sowings and mixtures were cereal leaf beetles (Oulema spp.), with bird cherry-oat aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) and grain aphids (Sitobion avenae) being somewhat fewer in number. With some mixtures, numbers of cereal leaf beetle larvae, bird cherryoat aphids and grain aphids in comparison with pure stands were reduced. Grain yields from mixtures increased in comparison with those from pure sowings up to 6.48 dt·ha-1 in 2010 and up to 3.99 dt ha-1 in 2011.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

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