scholarly journals Mycorrhiza-induced changes in root growth and nutrient absorption of tea plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Ya-Dong ◽  
Zhang De-Jian ◽  
Hu Xian-Chun ◽  
Wu Qiang-Sheng ◽  
Jiang Chang-Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Tea plants grown in acidic soils are strongly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, whereas it is not clear whether soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improve plant growth, root development, and nutrient absorption in tea plants. A potted study was conducted to determine the effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis and a mixture of the three AMF species on plant growth, root morphology, root-hair growth, and leaf nutrient status in Camellia sinensis cv. Fuding Dabaicha in Jingzhou, China. After 12 weeks of AMF inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 15.12% to 40.23%. AMF inoculation heavily increased plant height, shoot and root biomass, and total leaf area, whilst the increased effect was ranked as C. etunicatum > D. spurca > mixed-AMF > D. versiformis in the decreasing order. Mycorrhizal inoculation also considerably increased total root length and volume, whereas obviously inhibited root-hair length and number, in company with an increment in root-hair diameter. Leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn contents were significantly higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in non-AMF-inoculated plants, regardless of AMF species. It concludes that AMF inoculation had positive effects on plant growth performance, root morphology, and leaf nutrient levels in cv. Fuding Dabaicha seedlings, whilst C. etunicatum performed the best effects.

scholarly journals Exogenous Carbon Magnifies Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth Behaviour and Sucrose Metabolism in Trifoliate Orange

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li TIAN ◽  
Yan LI ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) need the carbohydrates from host plants for its growth, whereas it is not clear whether exogenous carbon affects mycorrhizal roles. A two-chambered rootbox was divided into root + hyphae chamber and hyphae chamber (free of roots) by 37-μm nylon mesh, in which trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings and Funneliformis mosseae were applied into root + hyphae chamber, and exogenous 40 mmol/L fructose, glucose and sucrose was applied to hyphae chamber. Application of exogenous sugars dramatically elevated root mycorrhizal colonization. Sole arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation significantly promoted plant growth and root morphology than non-AMF treatment. Mycorrhiza-improved plant growth and root modification could be enlarged by exogenous carbon, especially fructose. Exogenous carbon markedly increased root fructose, glucose and sucrose accumulation in mycorrhizal plants, especially sucrose. Exogenous fructose significantly reduced leaf and root sucrose synthase (SS) activity in synthesis direction and increased them in cleavage direction in AMF seedlings. Exogenous glucose and sucrose heavily elevated root SS activity of mycorrhizal seedlings in synthesis and cleavage direction and reduced leaf SS activity in synthesis direction. Leaf acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities of mycorrhizal seedlings were decreased by exogenous carbon, except sucrose in NI. Exogenous fructose significantly increased root AI and NI activity in mycorrhizal plants. These results implied that mycorrhizal inoculation represented positive effects on plant growth, root morphology, and sucrose metabolism of trifoliate orange, which could be magnified further by exogenous carbon, especially fructose.

scholarly journals Kadar pati akar dan sitokinin endogen pada tanaman teh menghasilkan sebagai dasar penentuan pemangkasan dan aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh

Kultivasi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari ◽  
Jajang Sauman Hamdani ◽  
Cucu Suherman Victor Zar ◽  
Tati Nurmala ◽  
Heri Sahrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Endogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Lateral Branches

ABSTRAK Pemangkasan pada tanaman teh dilakukan salah satunya untuk menginisiasi tumbuhnya banyak tunas sebagai bakal pembentukan pucuk peko. Pemangkasan mengubah luas daun, kapasitas fotosintesis perdu, mempengaruhi keseimbangan metabolisme antara organ di atas dan di bawah tanah dengan  mengurangi  jumlah tumbuh tunas yang berfungsi sebagai sumber dan pengguna untuk nutrisi dan hormon. Sampai saat ini pertumbuhan tunas sebagai bakal daun setelah pemangkasan terjadi secara alami tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT). Pada dasarnya rekayasa fisiologis dengan menggunakan ZPT sitokinin dapat menjadi pilihan untuk lebih memacu pertumbuhan cabang lateral dan tunas serta memecahkan dormansi pucuk. Tujuan penelitian pendahuluan ini  adalah untuk mengetahui   kadar pati akar, kadar sitokinin endogen, serta status hara tanah  guna menentukan waktu pemangkasan yang tepat dan dasar untuk dilakukan aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh setelah dipangkas. Penelitian selanjutnya adalah penggunaan sitokinin BAP pada berbgai dosis pada tanaman teh yang sudah dipangkas.  Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan pada bulan Agustus  hingga Oktober 2017 di kebun percobaan Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina (PPTK) Gambung  pada ketinggian 1250 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Metode pengambilan sampel daun, akar, dan tanah di lapangan dilakukan secara komposit untuk setiap ulangan selanjutnya dilakukan analisis pati akar, sitokinin endogen serta hara tanah. Hasil uji kualitatif pati akar menggunakan iodium mengindikasikan bahwa tanaman teh siap untuk dipangkas terlihat dari sampel akar yang ditetesi iodium menunjukkan warna hitam. Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa kadar pai akar berada pada kisaran 6.99 % hingga 9,16% dan sitokinin endogen ada pad akisaran 0,0016% hingga0,0019%.  Penentuan kadar pati akar, kondisi lingkungan serta status hara sebelum pemangkas diperlukan agar meminimalisasi tingkat kematian perdu teh serta analisis sitokinin endogen diperlukan untuk lebih  mengoptimalkan dosis sitokinin yang akan diberikanKata Kunci : pemangkasan, sitokinin endogen, kadar pati akar. ABSTRACT  Pruning on tea plants is  perfomed initiating growth of shoots to be pecco stadia. Pruning changes the leaf area, the capacity of photosynthetic tea bush, affecting the metabolic balance between upper and underground organs by reducing the growing number of buds that function as sources and sinks for nutrients and hormones. Until now the growth of shoots as leaf will after pruning occurs naturally without the addition of plant growth regulating substances (PGR). Essentially physiological engineering using  cytokinins can be an option to increase the growth of lateral branches and buds as well as break the shoot dormancy. The preliminary study was conducted from August to October 2017 at experimental field of Gambung Tea and Quinine Research Center (PPTK) at an altitude of 1250 m above sea level (asl). Preliminary method used in the form of analysis of root starch, endogenous cytokinin and soil nutrients to  determined the proper pruning time and the basis for the application of  plant growth regulator substances after pruning. The results of a qualitative test of root content using iodine indicated that the tea plant was ready to be pruned visible from the root samples that iodized spots showed black. The result of  laboratory test  showed that root starch content was in the range of 6.99 to 9.16. and cytokinin endogen  preliminary analysis showed that the levels are in the range of 0.0016 up to 0.0019. Determination of root starch, environmental conditions and nutrient status before pruning is necessary in order to minimize mortality rate of tea bush as well as analysis of endogenous cytokinin is needed to further optimize the dose of cytokinin to be given. Keywords : cytokinins, pruning,  root starch content

scholarly journals Improved growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants by inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial rhizobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e1299
Author(s):  
Azareel Angulo-Castro ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato ◽  
Alejandro Alarcón ◽  
Juan José Almaraz-Suárez ◽  
Julián Delgadillo-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Pepper Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Background: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an alternative for sustainable management of pepper crops. Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of PGPR and AMF inoculation on the growth of bell pepper plants. Methods: Two PGPR strains were used (Pseudomonas tolaasii P61 and Bacillus pumilus R44) as well as their mixture, and an uninoculated control. In addition, bacterial treatments were combined with an AMF-consortium (Funneliformis aff. geosporum and Claroideoglomus sp.). A 4×2 factorial experiment [four levels for the bacterial inoculation and two levels of AMF-inoculation (non-AMF and AMF)] was performed with eight treatments, at greenhouse conditions for 80 days after inoculation. AMF inoculation was done at sowing and PGPR after 15 days of seedling emergence. Results and Conclusions: Uninoculated control showed lower growth responses than plants inoculated with PGPR and AMF, alone or in combination. Overall, inoculation of the strain P61 or the combination of R44+AMF increased plant growth. AMF improved the photochemical efficiency of PSII in comparison to either control plants or plants inoculated with R44 or with the bacterial mix. Both PGPR and AMF improved growth and vigor of bell pepper plants.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Camellia Plants

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Rui-Cheng Liu ◽  
Zhi-Yan Xiao ◽  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah ◽  
Yong-Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Camellia is a genus of evergreen shrubs or trees, such as C. japonica, C. sinensis, C. oleifera, etc. A group of beneficial soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), inhabit the rhizosphere of these Camellia spp. A total of eight genera of Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Funneliformis, Gigaspora, Glomus, Pacispora, Scutellospora, and Sclerocystis were found to be associated with Camellia plants with Glomus and/or Acaulospora being most abundant. These mycorrhizal fungi can colonize the roots of Camellia spp. and thus form arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts. AMF is an important partner of Camellia spp. in the field of physiological activities. Studies indicated that AMF inoculation has been shown to promote plant growth, improve nutrient acquisition and nutritional quality, and increase resistance to drought, salinity and heavy metal contamination in potted Camellia. This review thus provides a comprehensive overview of AMF species occurring in the rhizosphere of Camellia spp. and summarizes the variation in root AMF colonization rate as well as the environmental factors and soil nutrients affecting root colonization. The paper also reviews the effects of AMF on plant growth response, nutrient acquisition, food quality, and stress tolerance of Camellia spp.

scholarly journals Effects of Inoculations with Mycorrhizal Fungi of Soilless Potting Mixes During Transplant Production on Watermelon Growth and Early Fruit Yield

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Westphal ◽  
Nicole L. Snyder ◽  
Lijuan Xing ◽  
James J. Camberato
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Function

Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, crops are continuously exposed to soilborne diseases. In many areas of the United States, greenhouse-raised watermelon seedlings are transplanted to the field to allow for early crop establishment and early fruit production. This practice can result in weakened root systems, which potentially make the plant prone to premature senescence and reduce crop productivity. Mycorrhizal fungi have been reported to improve plant growth in many crops through enhanced root growth and function. We hypothesized that amending potting mixes with commercial inocula of mycorrhizal fungi during seeding of watermelon in a greenhouse would improve watermelon production when seedlings were transplanted to the field. Colonization of watermelon roots with mycorrhizal fungi from three commercial formulations was compared with the colonization of onion roots to confirm the efficacy of the mycorrhizae. Two inocula of mycorrhizal fungi that resulted in colonization of watermelon roots were tested in the field and glasshouse for their potential to improve watermelon production. MycoApply improved early plant growth in two tests, one under Meloidogyne incognita-infested conditions in loamy sand and another at two phosphorus fertilizer levels (0 or 22 kg·ha−1 P) in a loam soil. Mycor Vam Mini plug improved early fruit yield in soil infested with M. incognita. Application of Myconate (formononetin), a potential enhancer of colonization with mycorrhizae, increased early fruit yield in M. incognita-infested soil. Myconate had positive effects when potting mixes were not amended with inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi, but reduced watermelon growth when mycorrhizal fungi were supplied in the potting mix. In glasshouse tests, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi did not suppress disease. Mycorrhizal fungi inoculations improved early plant establishment and increased the most valuable early fruit yield under some environmental stress conditions but did not increase total fruit yields.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Ming Huang ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Yong-Jie Xu ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Nutrient Contents

Walnut, an important oil fruit tree, is dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, while mycorrhizal roles and efficient mycorrhizal fungus in walnuts are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, including Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. versiforme on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, and root nutrient contents of walnut (Juglans regia L. Liaohe 1) seedlings. Three months of AMF inoculations later, root mycorrhizal colonisation achieved 47.0% to 76.4%. AMF treatments increased plant growth performance, dependent on AMF species. AMF-inoculated plants with D. spurca, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae showed higher root length, projected area, surface area, and volume than non-AMF plants. Except for G. versiforme, the other four AMF treatments almost significantly increased leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity, while reduced intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and leaf temperature. AMF affected root nutrient contents, dependent on AMF and mineral nutrient species. These results, thereby, concluded that AMF had a positive role in walnuts, dependent on AMF species, and D. spurca was the best mycorrhizal fungus for walnut. Such results provide the potential possibility of a developing consortium of AMF in walnut cultivation management.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Mitigate Aluminum Toxicity and Regulate Proline Metabolism in Plants Grown in Acidic Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Modhi O. Alotaibi ◽  
Ahmed M. Saleh ◽  
Renato L. Sobrinho ◽  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
Ahmed M. El-Sawah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Proline Metabolism ◽  
Proline Biosynthesis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote plant growth and induce stress tolerance. Proline is reported to accumulate in mycorrhizal plants under stressful conditions, such as aluminum (Al) stress. However, the detailed changes induced in proline metabolism under AMF–plant symbiosis has not been studied. Accordingly, this work aimed to study how Al-stressed grass (barley) and legume (lotus) species respond to AMF inoculation at growth and biochemical levels. The associated changes in Al uptake and accumulation, the rate of photosynthesis, and the key enzymes and metabolites involved in proline biosynthesis and degradation pathways were studied. Soil contamination with Al induced Al accumulation in tissues of both species and, consequently, reduced plant growth and the rate of photosynthesis, while more tolerance was noticed in lotus. Inoculation with AMF significantly reduced Al accumulation and mitigated the negative impacts of Al on growth and photosynthesis in both species; however, these positive effects were more pronounced in barley plants. The mitigating action of AMF was associated with upregulation of proline biosynthesis through glutamate and ornithine pathways, more in lotus than in barley, and repression of its catabolism. The increased proline level in lotus was consistent with improved N metabolism (N level and nitrate reductase). Overall, this study suggests the role of AMF in mitigating Al stress, where regulation of proline metabolism is a worthy mechanism underlying this mitigating action.

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