scholarly journals Determination of the physical and mechanical properties of a potato (the Agria variety) in order to mechanise the harvesting and post-harvesting operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Ahangarnezhad ◽  
Gholamhassan Najafi ◽  
Ahmad Jahanbakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Mass Volume

Studying the physical and mechanical properties of agricultural products has been the subject of criticism and discussion for many years already and has attracted the attention of many researchers. The physical and mechanical properties of agriculture products are the most important parameters in the design of agricultural machinery sorting systems, transmissions, processing and packaging systems. The potato is one of the most important agricultural products as a food resource. The aim of this research is to investigate the physical properties and mechanical behaviour of the potato due to its importance and the current inadequate information about it. In this research, some of the physical and mechanical properties of the potato were measured in standard conditions. The length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter and arithmetical diameter, sphericity, surface area, aspect ratio, mass, volume, bulk density and the  projected mean area were included in the physical properties. The mechanical properties of the potato were determined by using a universal testing machine (MRT-5; Santam, Germany) with a uniaxial compression test. Then, the mechanical properties were measured with four repetitions. The physical properties of the potato such as length, width, thickness, mass, volume and geometric mean diameter had a direct relationship, while the density had an inverse relation to the size. The result of the mechanical properties of the sample, such as vertical stress, elasticity module, deformation energy, fracture force and deformation were obtained respectively as 0.34 MPa, 3.09 MPa, 892.02 J, 8.80 N and 207.22 mm. The comparison of the potato’s real volume with the standard shapes showed that the potato’s shape is similar to an oval due to the largest determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.86). The results of this research can be used for the design and optimisation of the processing equipment, as well as the transporting, sorting and packing of the potato crop.

Physical properties of kumquat fruit

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jaliliantabar ◽  
A.N. Lorestani ◽  
R. Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Initial Rupture ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Mass Volume

Abstract Some physical properties of kumquat were investigated. Physical properties which were measured included fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical properties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy required for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family.

Measurement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Russian Olive (Elaeagnus Angustifolia L.) Fruit

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Nadian ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-fard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Russian Olive ◽  
Double Shear

Abstract The effect of moisture content on some properties of two varieties (Meymeh and Maragheh) of Russian olives was studied. The physical and mechanical properties including: dimensions, geometric mean diameter, thousand mass, volume, sphericity, surface area, true and bulk densities, porosity, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, rupture force, and rupture energy. The changes of moisture content levels from 17% to 25% (w.b.) indicated a statistically significant effect on all studied physical properties, except bulk density for Russian olive fruits. Shearing force was applied to the fruit using a testing machine in double shear mode. Shear strength and shearing energy increased with increase of loading rate; however, they were higher in Meymeh variety than Maragheh variety. Therefore, the lowest loading rate, with up to about 10 mm/min is desirable to design a suitable pulverizing mill in the herbal medicine industries.

Moisture Dependent Selected Engineering Properties of Deenanath Seeds in Relation to Development of Processing Machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sheshrao Kautkar ◽  
P. K. Pathak ◽  
Bholuram Gurjar ◽  
Sunil Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

Propagation of grasses through seeds is important in view of vigour and germination. Various grasses as Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chrysopogan fulvus have lower vigour and germination, due to which they need specific operations as defluffing, separation of true seeds, cleaning and grading by specific machines. In designing a machine for a specific use, physical properties and their behaviour with moisture play an important role. A study was conducted to assess the effect of moisture content at five levels [6.88 - 19.23 %, (d.b.)] on selected physical properties of defluffed Deenanath grass seed. The length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter of defluffed Deenanath seed increased from 2.30 mm to 2.56 mm, 0.71 mm to 0.96 mm, 0.47 mm to 0.63 mm, 1.16 mm to 1.38 mm, and 0.90 mm to 1.15 mm, respectively, with increase in moisture content 6.88 % to 19.23 %. Bulk density, true density, and porosity decreased from 652.16 kg.m-3 to 585.78 kg.m-3, 852.63 kg.m-3 to 792.71 kg.m-3, and 25.62 % to 24.97 %, respectively, with increase in moisture content from 6.88 % to 19.23 per cent. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, and thousand-seed mass of the seed were in the range of 30.91 - 37.51 %, 0.39 - 0.45, 2.58 - 3.23 mm2 , 3.71 - 4.97 mm3 , and 0.480 - 0.523 g, respectively. Linear relationships with correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 were observed for the physical properties over the experimental range of moisture content.

scholarly journals Postharvest Chemical, Sensorial and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Wild Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evica MRATINIĆ ◽  
Bojan POPOVSKI ◽  
Tomo MILOŠEVIĆ ◽  
Melpomena POPOVSKA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Solids Content

Some chemical, sensorial and physical-mechanical properties of 19 apricot genotypes and Hungarian Best (control) such as moisture content, soluble solids content, titratable acidity ratio and their ratio, fruit and stone mass, flesh/stone ratio, fruit dimensions (length, width, thickness), arithmetic and geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were determined. Their application is also discussed. The highest moisture content and stone mass observed in X-1/1/04 and X-1/2/04, soluble solids content in ZO-1/03, titratable acidity in ZL-2/03, SS/TA ratio in ZL-1/03, and fruit mass and flesh/stone ratio in DL-1/1/04 genotype. The most number of genotypes have orange and deep orange skin and flesh colour, respectively, whereas sweet kernel taste was predominant in most genotypes. Regarding physical-mechanical properties, the superior fruit dimensions (length, width, thickness), arithmetic and geometric mean diameter and surface area observed in DL-1/1/04 genotype, whereas the highest sphericity and surface area observed in X-1/1/04 and X-1/2/04 genotypes. Also, the series of genotypes evaluated have better chemical, sensorial and physical-mechanical properties than Hungarian Best (control). Finally, information about these properties is very important for understanding the behaviour of the product during the postharvest operations.

scholarly journals Determination of Some Physical Properties of Dried Jujube Fruit

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Pourjafar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Jujube Fruit ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

<p>Some physical properties of Iranian Jujube fruit were evaluated. Jujube fruit samples mean values of length, width, thickness were found as 18.005mm, 14.96 mm, 15.26 mm. Arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter were found as 16.08mm, 16.01 respectively and surface area, Sphericity, porosity, mass, volume, bulk density and true density were also found as: 805.65 mm<sup>2</sup> ,89%, 77.2%, 1.45gr, 2.61 cm<sup>3</sup> , 0.23gr cm<sup>-3</sup>, 0.55gr cm<sup>-3</sup> respectively. Projected area perpendicular to length, width and thickness were measured as, 152.03 mm<sup>2</sup>, 220.02 mm<sup>2</sup>, 271.4mm<sup>2</sup> respectively. With comparison between friction coefficients on different surface for Jujube fruit. The results showed that the static coefficient of friction was more than dynamic coefficient of friction.The tests done on the galvanized steel surface, plywood and glass surface. The most coefficient of friction was found on the plywood surface and the least coefficient of friction was measured on the glass surface.</p>

Physical Properties of Rough Rice

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Farahmandfar ◽  
Esfandiyar Farahmandfar ◽  
Amir Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
True Density ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
Size Grading

Knowledge of the physical and mechanical properties of the rice grain is being used in the handling, planting, harvesting, threshing, cleaning, size grading, up grading, treating and packaging. Several physical properties of three rough rice cultivars (Poya, Khazar and Haraz) were determined and compared in terms of length, width, thickness, aspect ratio, arithmetic diameter, geometric diameter, equivalent diameter, sphericity, mass, volume, surface area, bulk density, true density and porosity. A linear model for describing the mass of rough rice grain for each cultivar was also investigated.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Selected Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivated in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addi Atuswilye Sanga Palilo ◽  
BashiraAlli Majaja ◽  
Baraka Kichonge
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Density Analysis

The physical and mechanical properties of foods are important, if not essential, in the design of suitable systems, machines, and structures for planting, harvesting, handling and processing of agro-products. Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a popular legume species that play an important role in human diet and among easily available sources of plant protein. However, despite its important roles, there is a lack of information on the physical and mechanical properties of common beans cultivated in Tanzania. The objective of this study was therefore focused on experimental determination of physical and mechanical properties for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, common beans cultivars grown in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Experimental results showed that the average length, width, and thickness were 19.96 mm, 8.97 mm, and 7.6 mm at a moisture content of 17.15% dry basis (db.), 13.92% db., and 14.64% db. for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively. The results further show that the average mean diameters (Da) were 10.93, 9.35, and 9.55 mm for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively. The geometric mean diameters (Dg) were 9.66, 8.35, and 8.80 mm for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively, whereas sphericity was found to be 53, 64, and 58% for the same types of beans. Repose angle measuremnts were experimentally determined as 40, 36, and 35 degrees for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively. Weight for apparent density analysis was 709.27, 686.30, and 766.10 kg/m3 for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively, whereas the apparent densities were determined as 1142, 1158, and 1327 kg/m3, respectively, for the same types of beans. Results from the study showed that physical and mechanical properties for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja differ significantly from other common beans cultivars cultivated in other countries. Data on physical and mechanical properties determined in this study establishes a convenient reference table for the mechanization and processing of Tanzanian common beans cultivars .

scholarly journals Comparison of Some Physico-Mechanical Nut and Kernel Properties of Two Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Sezai ERCISLI ◽  
Mazhar KARA ◽  
Ismail OZTURK ◽  
Bahadir SAYINCI ◽  
Fatih KALKAN
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
First Time

Some physical such as length, width, thickness, mass, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area and mechanical properties such as deformation at cracking, cracking force, energy absorbed and hardness of nuts and kernels were determined at three orientations first time for two walnut cultivars, namely Mara?-18 and Yalova-1 widely grown in Turkey. For nuts, the average length (45.48 mm), mass (12.70 g), geometric mean diameter (36.83 mm) and surface area (42.66 cm2) were the highest in cv. Yalova-1 while width (34.18 mm), thickness (33.74 mm), shell thickness (1.48 mm) and sphericity (87.41%) were the highest in cv. Mara?-18. For all the loading orientations, the values of deformation at cracking, cracking force, energy absorbed and hardness of cv. Mara?-18 were higher than those of cv. Yalova-1. The effect of loading orientation to kernel extraction quality was found insignificant for both walnut cultivars.

Effect of irrigation and nutrient on physical properties of safflower seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Maziar Feyzollahzadeh ◽  
Asaad ModaresMotlagh ◽  
Ali M. Nikbakht
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient Of Friction

Abstract The effect of irrigation and nutrient treatments on physical properties of safflower seeds was investigated. Physical properties of safflower seeds were determined at a moisture content of 7% w.b. The parameters determined at different treatments were: size, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, mass, volume, bulk and true densities, porosity, and static and dynamic coefficient of friction. The results showed a better effect of the use of organic fertilizers in comparison with chemical ones. The results showed that nutrient and irrigation treatments had a significant effect on most of the physical properties of safflower seeds at p<0.01.

PEMANFAATAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd) UNTUK MEBEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Scale Scores

Timber Acacia mangium (Acacia mangium, Willd) for Furniture. The study aims to determine the mechanical and physical properties and the decorative value (color and fiber) wood of acacia mangium with using finishing materials. This type of finishing material used is ultran lasur natural dof ,ultran lasur classic teak, aqua politur clear dof, aqua politur akasia dan aqua politur cherry. After finishing the wood is stored for 3 months. Test parameters were observed, namely, physical and mechanical properties of wood, adhesion of finishing materials, color and appearance of the fiber, and timber dimensions expansion. The results showed that the mechanical physical properties of acacia wood qualified SNI. 01-0608-89 about the physical and mechanical properties of wood for furniture, air dry the moisture content from 13.78 to 14.89%, flexural strength from 509.25 to 680.50 kg/cm2, and compressive strength parallel to fiber 342.1 - 412.9 kg/cm2. Finishing the treatment process using five types of finishing materials can increase the decorative value (color and fiber) wood. Before finishing the process of acacia mangium wood has the appearance of colors and fibers and less attractive (scale scores 2-3), after finishing acacia wood fibers have the appearance of colors and interesting and very interesting (scale 4-5).Keywords: mangium wood, mechanical properties, decorative value, finishing, furniture.

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