scholarly journals Accumulation of copper and zinc in soil and plant within ten-year application of different pig manure rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xu ◽  
W. Yu ◽  
Q. Ma ◽  
H. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Pig Manure ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
High Application

Fertilization of crops with pig manure is a common practice throughout the world. Nevertheless, due to the relatively high copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) contents in pig manure, continuous application of pig manure could have negative effects on soil and plant. The study aimed at the impacts of long-term applying different pig manure rates (equivalently 0, 100, 250 and 500 kg total N/ha/year from 2002 to 2008 and 0, 10, 25 and 50 t fresh weight/ha/year from 2009 to 2011, respectively) on Cu and Zn accumulation in soil and plant. During the 10 years of the experiment, a total of 2.04 to 10.20 kg/ha/year for Cu, 3.15 to 15.73 kg/ha/year for Zn were applied to the soil. Results from this study showed that long-term pig manure application resulted in serious accumulation of Cu and Zn in soil, total Cu and Zn concentrations increased by 204% and 107% at high application rates, respectively. Although topsoil Cu and Zn concentrations were below concentrations considered phytotoxic to crops, according to current Chinese legislation, it would take only less time than 16 and 27 years of high application rates to reach the allowable limits. Our result also suggested that Cu and Zn leaching occurred in the tested soil. The Cu and Zn concentrations in stalks and grains were not affected by the application of pig manure, and these values were lower than the threshold values for animal and human ingestion.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and maize after 17-year pig manure application in Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changrui Zhou ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Wantai Yu ◽  
Zhuqing Xia ◽  
Chuanchuan Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Term Field

Application of composted pig manure (PM) is a traditional practice to improve soil fertility, whereas generally leads to some environmental questions. The effects of PM application on Cd, Cu and Zn accumulation in soil and maize were investigated based on a long-term field trial in Northeast China, including control (CK), PM<sub>L</sub>, PM<sub>M</sub>, and PM<sub>H</sub>, receiving 0, 100, 250 and 500 kg total N/ha/year from 2002 to 2008 and 0, 10, 25 and 50 t fresh weight/ha/year from 2009 to 2018, respectively. Results showed that long-term soil application of PM increased maize grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) contents, coupled with significant accumulation and availability of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soil (0–15 cm). Compared with CK, the soil total Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations significantly increased by 105, 287 and 108% at high PM rate, respectively. Notably, the increments enhanced these heavy metals storage in maize roots rather than in grains. Moreover, the application of PM confirmed vertical transport of heavy metals in the tested soil, particularly for Cd and Cu in PM<sub>H</sub> treatment. Overall, the repeated application of PM can cause the accumulation and leaching of Cd, Cu and Zn in soil.

Cattle manure loadings and legacy effects on Cu and Zn availability under rainfed and irrigated conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srimathie Priyanthika Indraratne ◽  
Matthew Spengler ◽  
Xiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Zn Availability ◽  
Cu And Zn

Long term cattle manure applications build up nutrient pools and can lead to trace element enrichments in soils. The objectives of this study were to evaluate Cu and Zn loadings in the soil during continuous annual cattle manure applications and determine the time required for soil to return to its pre-manure available Cu and Zn levels after manure is discontinued. The manure application rates were 0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha-1 for rainfed and 0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha-1 (wet weight) for irrigated plots. While manure was applied for 45 years in some plots, applications were terminated in one subset of treatments after 14 years and in another subset after 30 years to study legacy effects after 31 and 15 years, respectively. Soil samples were collected in the fall of 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 and analyzed for available Cu and Zn. Crops were grown in all years continuously with Cu and Zn concentrations measured in both silage and grains harvested. The regression model developed using data collected suggests long legacy effects with recovery time to pre-manure levels ranging from 10-20 years for Cu and 23-41 years for Zn at irrigated and 10-24 for Cu and 21-32 years for Zn under rainfed, respectively. Long term applications of cattle manure could lead to accumulation of Cu and Zn, creating long-lasting legacy effects in soils with the increased environmental risk of leaching to groundwater

Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Li ◽  
X. Z. Han ◽  
H. B. Li ◽  
C. Song ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N

Li, X. H., Han, X. Z., Li, H. B., Song, C., Yan, J. and Liang, Y. 2012. Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 419–428. The effects of 21-yr of application of chemical fertilizers, composted pig manure (CPM) alone, and chemical fertilizers combined with compost on soil chemical and biological properties were investigated. Soil samples (0–20cm) were collected from a long-term fertilization experiment under corn (Zea mays L.) production in 2006, prior to seeding, at the corn tasseling stage and following harvest. Fertilizer treatments were: no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen fertilizer alone (N), N + phosphorus (NP), N + P + potassium (NPK), CPM, N + CPM, N + P + CPM (NP + CPM), and N + P + K + CPM (NPK + CPM). Long-term application of N alone resulted in a reduction of soil pH by 0.38 units and reduced the available P concentration compared with CK. An increase in soil pH was seen with CPM alone and NPK + CPM. Both fertilizers sources, singly and combined, increased the total N and available N concentrations. Total P and total K concentrations were greatest with the NPK + CPM treatment. All fertilizer treatments increased the soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) at the tasseling stage. The NPK + CPM treatment showed the greatest increase in SOC (12%), LFOC (78%) and MBC (44%) concentrations, compared with CK. Soil enzyme activities (invertase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases) tended to be greater at tasseling than other sampling dates, with highest enzyme activities in the NPK + CPM treatments. These findings suggest that a long-term application of CPM combined with NPK is an efficient strategy to maintain or increase soil quality in Mollisols for sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Effect of Pig and Cattle Slurry Application on Heavy Metal Composition of Maize Grown on Different Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Provolo ◽  
Giulia Manuli ◽  
Alberto Finzi ◽  
Giorgio Lucchini ◽  
Elisabetta Riva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Different Soils

Cattle and pig manure contain useful mineral nutrients (N, P, and K) and are therefore used as organic fertilizer. However, excessive applications of manure can cause environmental problems and threaten animal and human health because these materials also hold significant amounts of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn. To assess the potential risk due to the increased concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, and Cr) in a harvested crop, two maize hybrids were grown in pots on four different soils with three different fertilisers (urea, pig manure, and cattle manure). Both soil and manure characteristics influenced the heavy metal concentrations in the plant shoots. Organic fertilisation strongly interacted with the soils and, in general, reduced the shoot content of Cu, Mn, and Zn. A preliminary assessment of the heavy metal balance of the agricultural systems based on the intensive livestock production and maize cultivation showed that the potential soil enrichment of the long-term application of livestock manure arises mainly from the application of pig slurries that have a high content of Cu and Zn. The time required to apply an amount of metal that is equal to the initial soil content is 60–300 years for Zn and 240–450 years for Cu, depending on the soil type and the initial heavy metal content.

Accumulation dynamic of soil Cu and Zn under long-term application of pig manure in red paddy field

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
李大明 LI Daming ◽  
柳开楼 LIU Kailou ◽  
黄庆海 HUANG Qinghai ◽  
余喜初 YU Xichu ◽  
叶会财 YE Huicai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Cu And Zn

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pola Rotasi Tanaman terhadap Perbaikan Sifat Tanah Sawah Irigasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Agus Suprihatin ◽  
Johanes Amirullah
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Total N ◽  
Chemical Balance ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrients

<p>Abstrak. Penggenangan terus-menerus di lahan sawah akan berpengaruh terhadap keseimbangan kimia dan biologi tanah. Pergantian aerobik dan anaerobik di lahan sawah merupakan satu kontrol alami yang efektif mengendalikan keseimbangan biologi dan nonbiologi sehingga tanah sawah menjadi sehat dan tetap produktif. Penerapan rotasi tanamanantara tanaman padi dengan palawija maupun hortiklutura merupakan salah alternatif yang bijak untuk tetap mempertahankan produktivitas dan kesuburan lahan, dan perekonomian petani. Penerapan rotasi tanam memiliki peranan terhadap beberapa aspek antara lain agronomi, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Pengelolaan lahan pertanian tanah sawah secara terus-menerus pada berbagai rotasi tanam dapat meningkatkan berat jenis tanah, dan persentase fraksi lempung dalam tanah sawah. Rotasi tanaman padi-palawija/hortikultura dapat memperbaiki srtuktur tanah melalui peningkatan nilai MWD. Penerapan rotasi tanaman secara terus-menerus berpengaruh nyata terhadap perubahan sifat kimia tanah seperti pH, N-total, P dan K-tersedia, KPK tanah, dan C-organik. Penerapan rotasi tanaman padi-jagung pada 1 – 2 tahun pertama memberikan kadar N-total tanah, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> dan DOC yang sangat tinggi. Penanaman jagung di musim kemarau pada rotasi tanaman padi-jagung dapat menyimpan air dan menekan pencucian hara, daripada penanaman padi-padi dalam jangka panjang. Pengembalian nutrisi nitrogen dalam rotasi tanaman dapat dilakukan melalui penanaman tanaman legum setelah penanaman tumbuhan serealia dan sejenisnya.</p><p>Abstract. Continuous flooding in paddy fields will disrupt the biological and chemical balance of the soil. Substitution of aerobics and anaerobics in paddy fields is a natural control that effectively controls the biological and nonbiological balance so that the paddy fields become healthy and remain productive. Application of plant rotation between rice plants with crops and horticulture is a wise alternative to maintain the productivity and fertility of paddy field, and the economy of farmer. Application of rotation has a role to play on several aspects such as agronomy, economy and environment. Continuous management of paddy field on various rotations of cropping can increase bulk density, and the percentage of clay fraction in paddy soil. Rotation of rice-upland/horticulture can improve soil structure by increasing the value of MWD. Continuous application of crop rotation has a significant effect on changes in soil chemical properties such as pH, totalN, available P and K, CEC, and organic carbon. The application of rotation of rice-maize in the 1–2 years can give very high total N, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and DOC levels. The planting of maize in the dry season on a rotation of rice-maize can store water and suppress nutrient leaching, rather than long-term rice-rice cultivation. Return of nitrogen nutrients in crop rotation can be done through planting legumes after planting cereals and the like.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Large Inputs of Manure and Fertilizer on Nitrogen Mineralization in the Newly Built Solar Greenhouse Soils

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1600-1604
Author(s):  
Shichao Wang ◽  
Zhujun Chen ◽  
Jun Man ◽  
Jianbin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Age Regression ◽  
Solar Greenhouse ◽  
Greenhouse Soils ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N

In China, greenhouse soils often receive large rates of different manures and have a high content of soil organic matter (SOM). Understanding changes in nitrogen (N) mineralization in soils of newly built greenhouses after their construction is important for managing N. Soil samples were obtained from solar greenhouses of different ages (0, 1, 2, and 3 years) located in the south edge of the Loess Plateau, China, at 0- to 20- and 20- to 40-cm depth. N mineralization in the soils was measured with the Stanford and Smith long-term aerobic incubation method over 30 weeks. SOM, total N, and the mineralized N in the 0- to 20-cm and 20- to 40-cm soil layers were significantly increased in the older greenhouses. The cumulative mineralized N in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer in different cultivation years was increased in each year since the greenhouses were established. For the greenhouses with the same age, the cumulative mineralized N in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer was greater than that in the 20- to 40-cm layer. The potentially mineralizable N (N0) both in the 0- to 20-cm and the 20- to 40-cm soil layers increased with the greenhouses’ age. Regression analysis indicated that when SOM increased 1 g·kg−1, N0 in the 0- to 20-cm and 20- to 40-cm depth increased 22.6 and 8.4 mg·kg−1, respectively. Therefore, as the N supply in soil increases with the age of the solar greenhouse, we suggest that the application rates of manure and synthetic fertilizer be reduced.

Effects of 15 years sludge application on cropland

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mantovi ◽  
G. Baldoni ◽  
L. Dal Re ◽  
S. Piccinini ◽  
L. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Total N ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Silty Loam

Sewage sludge effects to cropland have been evaluated in a long-term field experiment which started in 1988 and is still underway in the eastern part of the Po Valley (Italy), on a silty-loam soil. Each autumn municipal-industrial wastewater sludge has been applied at 5 and 10 Mg DM ha-1 yr-1 as anaerobically digested slurry (liquid), belt filtered material (dewatered) and composted with wheat straw, on a winter wheat - maize - sugar beet rotation. The 15 years continuous application of sludge significantly increased organic matter, total N, Olsen P, Cu and Zn content in the topsoil, with greater effects at the highest rate. Composted sludge favoured the highest OM topsoil increase. Sludge spreading improved soil fertility and crop yields, but it was associated with possible negative environmental effects: on water, due to increased phosphorus availability, and on soil ecology, due to zinc build up in the topsoil. The results confirmed that compulsory application rates based on real crop nitrogen requirements and matching Nitrate EU Directive, undoubtedly can guarantee a sound sustainability in sewage sludge recycling on cropland in the long run.

scholarly journals   Sulfur specification in bulk soil as influenced by long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Förster ◽  
G. Welp ◽  
H.W. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
High Application

A field experiment established in 1962 on a luvisol derived from loess was chosen to investigate the effect of long-term application of farmyard manure, compost and sewage sludge, respectively, in two increments on inorganic and organic S fractions in bulk soil. Compared with mineral fertilizer, the high application rates of the different organic fertilizers (10 t farmyard manure (FYM2), 29 t compost (COM2), 7.44 t sewage sludge (SS2)/ha/year, respectively), resulted in an increase of the total S content in the bulk soil: 220 mg/kg (FYM2), 298 mg/kg (COM2), 277 mg/kg soil (SS2) as compared to the control (MIN) with 158 mg/kg soil. The sum of water soluble plus adsorbed S was significantly higher in the treatments with the high amount of compost (17.9 mg/kg soil) and sewage sludge (16.4 mg/kg) soil as compared to all the other treatments (10.0 to 13.1 mg/kg soil). The treatments with the high amounts of organic manures contained lower contents of ester sulfate and higher contents of C-bonded S as compared to the treatments with the low amounts, and vice versa. &nbsp; &nbsp;

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