scholarly journals Influence of temperature and species origin on Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale pathogenicity to wheat seedlings

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hudec ◽  
D. Muchová
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Species Origin

The influence of temperature and species origin on the in vitro growth rate and pathogenicity of Fusarium and Microdochium nivale (F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, and M. nivale) to wheat seedlings was examined. The mycelial growth of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. poae was the fastest at 25°C, and of M. nivale at 15°C. The isolates of F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae originating from mountain regions grew significantly faster at 15°C than those from flatland regions. The isolates from flatland regions grew significantly faster at 25°C than those from mountain regions. F. culmorum and F. graminearum were the most pathogenic species to the root development. The retardation of wheat grain germination caused by the tested species was assessed in descending order: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, M. nivale, F. avenaceum, F. poae. The biomass growth retardation at 15°C was assessed in descending order: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, M. nivale, F. avenaceum, F. poae; at 25°C as follows: F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, M. nivale, F. poae. The isolates of M. nivale and F. poae originating from mountain regions were significantly more pathogenic than those from flatland regions. The results suggest that there exist different temperature ecotypes and pathotypes of Fusarium species and Microdochium nivale across the territory of the Slovak Republic.

scholarly journals Effects of Antagonists on Mycotoxins of Seedborne Fusarium spp. in Sweet Corn

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ridout ◽  
Bruce Godfrey ◽  
George Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Pichia Membranifaciens ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
F1 Cross

Fusarium species coexist as toxigenic, systemic pathogens in sweet corn seed production in southwestern Idaho, USA. We hypothesized that fungal antagonists of seedborne Fusarium would differentially alter production of Fusarium mycotoxins directly and/or systemically. We challenged the Fusarium complex by in vitro antagonism trials and in situ silk and seed inoculations with fungal antagonists. Fungal antagonists reduced growth and sporulation of Fusarium species in vitro from 40.5% to as much as 100%. Pichia membranifaciens and Penicillium griseolum reduced fumonisin production by F. verticillioides by 73% and 49%, respectively, while P. membranifaciens and a novel Penicillium sp. (WPT) reduced fumonisins by F. proliferatum 56% and 78%, respectively. In situ, pre-planting inoculation of seeds with Penicillium WPT systemically increased fumonisins in the resulting crop. Morchella snyderi applied to silks of an F1 cross systemically reduced deoxynivalenol by 47% in mature seeds of the F2. Antagonists failed to suppress Fusarium in mature kernels following silk inoculations, although the ratio of F. verticillioides to total Fusarium double with some inoculants. Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations in sweet corn seed change systemically, as well as locally, in response to the presence of fungal antagonists, although in Fusarium presence in situ was not changed.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fusarium spp., the Causal Agents of Onion (Allium cepa) Basal Rot in Northeastern Israel

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ben Kalman ◽  
Dekel Abraham ◽  
Shaul Graph ◽  
Rafael Perl-Treves ◽  
Yael Meller Harel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Basal Rot

Over the past decade, there have been accumulating reports from farmers and field extension personnel on the increasing incidence and spread of onion (Allium cepa) bulb basal rot in northern Israel. The disease is caused mainly by Fusarium species. Rotting onion bulbs were sampled from fields in the Golan Heights in northeastern Israel during the summers of 2017 and 2018. Tissue from the sampled onion bulbs was used for the isolation and identification of the infecting fungal species using colony and microscopic morphology characterization. Final confirmation of the pathogens was performed with PCR amplification and sequencing using fungi-specific and Fusarium species-specific primers. Four Fusarium spp. isolates were identified in onion bulbs samples collected from the contaminated field: F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, and two species less familiar as causative agents of this disease, F. acutatum and F. anthophilium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these species subdivided into two populations, a northern group isolated from white (Riverside cv.) onion bulbs, and a southern group isolated from red (565/505 cv.) bulbs. Pathogenicity tests conducted with seedlings and bulbs under moist conditions proved that all species could cause the disease symptoms, but with different degrees of virulence. Inoculating seeds with spore suspensions of the four species, in vitro, significantly reduced seedlings’ germination rate, hypocotyl elongation, and fresh biomass. Mature onion bulbs infected with the fungal isolates produced typical rot symptoms 14 days post-inoculation, and the fungus from each infected bulb was re-isolated and identified to satisfy Koch’s postulates. The onion bulb assay also reflected the degree of sensitivity of different onion cultivars to the disease. This work is the first confirmed report of the direct and primary cause of Fusarium onion basal rot disease in northeastern Israel. These findings are a necessary step towards uncovering the mycoflora of the diseased onion plants and developing a preventive program that would reduce the disease damage.

scholarly journals Fusarium Head Blight of Cereals in Denmark: Species Complex and Related Mycotoxins

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 960-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Nielsen ◽  
J. D. Jensen ◽  
G. C. Nielsen ◽  
J. E. Jensen ◽  
N. H. Spliid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Double Mass ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction differentiating 10 Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale or M. majus was applied to a total of 396 grain samples of wheat, barley, triticale, oat, and rye sampled across Denmark from 2003 to 2007, along with selected samples of wheat and barley from 1957 to 2000, to determine incidence and abundance of individual Fusarium spp. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, zearalenone, T-2, and HT-2 were quantified using liquid chromatography–double mass spectrometry. Major differences in the Fusarium species complex among the five cereals as well as great yearly variation were seen. Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum were dominant in wheat, with DON as the dominant mycotoxin. F. langsethiae, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum were dominant in barley and oat, leading to relatively high levels of the mycotoxins T-2 and HT-2. F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum dominated in triticale and rye. The nontoxigenic M. nivale/majus were present in significant amounts in all cereal species. Wheat and barley samples from 1957 to 1996 exhibited no or very low amounts of F. graminearum, indicating a recent increase of this pathogen. Biomass and mycotoxin data exhibited good correlations between Fusarium spp. and their corresponding mycotoxins under field conditions.

scholarly journals Virulence of Fusarium species to alfalfa seedlings

2005 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Mirko Ivanovic ◽  
Zorica Tomic
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Pathogenic Effect

In in vitro conditions, virulence of 91 isolates of species Fusarium genus (F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. arthrosporioides, F. proliferatum, F. avenaceum, F. semitectum, F. tricinctum, F. sporotrichioides and F. graminearum) towards alfalfa seedlings was investigated. Isolates of investigated species originated from diseased alfalfa plants collected on four locations in Serbia based on symptoms of wilting caused by fusarium and root rotting. Pathogenicity and virulence of investigated isolates of Fusarium spp. were determined by visual evaluation of inoculated seedlings of cultivars K28 in laboratory conditions. All isolated of investigated species had pathogenic effect on alfalfa seedlings, which expressed symptoms such as necrosis of root, moist rotting and "melting of seedlings". Colour of necrotic root tissue varied from light brown, brown, lipstick red to explicit black, depending on the Fusarium species. Strong virulence was established in 48 isolates, medium virulence in 31 and weak virulence in 12 isolates.

scholarly journals Phytohormones (Auxin, Gibberellin) and ACC Deaminase In Vitro Synthesized by the Mycoparasitic Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 Strain and Changes in the Level of Auxin and Plant Resistance Markers in Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with this Strain Conidia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł ◽  
Renata Tyśkiewicz ◽  
Artur Nowak ◽  
Ewa Ozimek ◽  
Małgorzata Majewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Root Border Cells ◽  
Resistance Markers

Both hormonal balance and plant growth may be shaped by microorganisms synthesizing phytohormones, regulating its synthesis in the plant and inducing plant resistance by releasing elicitors from cell walls (CW) by degrading enzymes (CWDE). It was shown that the Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 strain, isolated from a healthy rye rhizosphere, colonized the rhizoplane of wheat seedlings and root border cells (RBC) and caused approximately 40% increase of stem weight. The strain inhibited (in over 90%) the growth of polyphagous Fusarium spp. (F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. graminearum) phytopathogens through a mechanism of mycoparasitism. Chitinolytic and glucanolytic activity, strongly stimulated by CW of F. culmorum in the DEMTkZ3A0 liquid culture, is most likely responsible for the lysis of hyphae and macroconidia of phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. as well as the release of plant resistance elicitors. In DEMTkZ3A0 inoculated plants, an increase in the activity of the six tested plant resistance markers and a decrease in the concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA) auxin were noted. IAA and gibberellic acid (GA) but also the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCD) enzyme regulating ethylene production by plant were synthesized by DEMTkZ3A0 in the liquid culture. IAA synthesis was dependent on tryptophan and negatively correlated with temperature, whereas GA synthesis was positively correlated with the biomass and temperature.

scholarly journals Antagonism of Trichoderma on the control of Fusarium spp. on Phaseolus lunatus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ginane Barreto ◽  
Ana Carla da Silva Santos ◽  
Mirelly Miguel Porcino ◽  
Patrick Materatski ◽  
Carla Varanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fava Beans ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Biological control strategies have become an important tool in the sustainable management of plant diseases. This paper aims to report the Fusarium species that affect fava beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) grown in Paraíba, Brazil, and determines the potential of Trichoderma isolates to control these fungi. Two Trichoderma and ten Fusarium isolates from fava bean seeds were selected. The beans were obtained from cultivated areas in the municipalities of Remígio, Alagoa Grande and Campina Grande, in Paraíba state. Phylogenetic analyzes based on DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) gene resolved the Fusarium isolates into four species belonging to the F. fujikuroi and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complexes. In vitro tests showed that the two isolates of Trichoderma tested presented antagonistic potential against the pathogens from the fava beans evaluated. In the direct comparison test, the growth of the pathogens was reduced from the seventh day in both treatments. Sporulation also showed a reduction, but only for 40% of Fusarium isolates. This work demonstrates that Trichoderma isolates can be used as a sustainable alternative to manage Fusarium spp. infection of fava beans.

scholarly journals Frequency of toxigenic Fusarium species and fusariotoxins in wheat grain in Serbia

2007 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽  
Sonja Tancic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Genus Fusarium

A total of 88 and 40 wheat samples collected immediately prior to harvest in 2005 and 2006, respectively, under different agroecological conditions, were studied in respect to the occurrence of Fusarium spp. and the production of fusariotoxins. The greatest number of samples was infected with species of the genera Fusarium (81.8 and 65.0%), and Alternaria (36.3 and 17.5%) with the intensity ranging from 9.4 to 84.0% in 2005 and from 23.4 to 80.6% in 2006. Out of 13 identified species belonging to the genus Fusarium, F. graminearum had the highest frequency (35.2 and 12.5%) and the intensity up to 67.2%, and 21.9%, in 2005 and 2006, respectively, followed by F. poae but only in 2005 (20.4%), and F. proliferatum in 2006 (19.7%). The natural occurrence of mycotoxins in positive samples varied from 37 to 331 ppb for zearalenone and from 31 to 125 ppb for diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin. The concentration of mycotoxins amounted, on average, to 133.4, 61.0 and 45.7 ppb for zearelenone, DAS and T-2 toxin, respectively.

Diversity of the Fusarium species associated with head and seedling blight on wheat in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antónia Šrobárová ◽  
Svetlana Šliková ◽  
Valéria Šudyova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

AbstractSpecies associated with Fusarium head blight are depending on the production and edaphic conditions. The differences are found in the representation of various Fusarium spp. in the diseases, which sporadically occur all over the territory of Slovakia, in all agricultural production types. We identified fifteen Fusarium species during ten years of investigation. Most of the mentioned species F. culmorum (W.G. Smith) Sacc., F. graminearum Schwabe, recently F. cerealis (Cooke) Sacc. (crookwellense Burgess, Nelson & Tousson) and F. sambucinum Fuckel in diseased caryopsis are seed transmitted. The significant differences among species and intra species in cultural and pathogenicity assays in vitro and in vivo were correlated. Some of them are able to produce toxic metabolites — deoxynivalenone, which probably play a role in the aggressiveness of the pathogen and promote disease development and pathogen colonization.

scholarly journals Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium Species Isolated from Soybean Roots in Ethiopia and Ghana and their Pathogenicity on Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2070-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen L. Hartman ◽  
Susan P. McCormick ◽  
Kerry O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Soybean Roots

Numerous pathogen surveys have reported that diverse Fusarium spp. threaten soybean production in North and South America. However, little research has been conducted to characterize Fusarium pathogens of soybean in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objectives were to (i) identify Fusarium spp. isolated from discolored root segments of soybean grown in Ethiopia and Ghana using DNA sequence data, (ii) determine whether isolates nested in the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti and F. sambucinum species complexes (FIESC and FSAMSC, respectively) produced trichothecene mycotoxins in vitro, and (iii) test these isolates for pathogenicity on soybean. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the trichothecene mycotoxin-producing isolates comprised three undescribed species within the FIESC and FSAMSC. Mycotoxin type B trichothecene 4,15-diacetylnivalenol or T-2 toxin and related type A neosolaniol trichothecenes were produced by 18 of the 21 isolates. Of the 12 isolates from Ethiopia and Ghana tested for their impact on seed germination, 5, comprising two undescribed phylospecies (i.e., Fusarium sp. number 3 and Fusarium sp. FIESC 2,) completely inhibited germination, whereas 4 caused no reduction in germination. Root lesions induced by all 12 isolates were greater than the uninoculated negative control. Additional variation among the isolates was reflected in differences (α = 0.05) in lesion lengths, which ranged from 34 to 67% of total root length. This is the first report characterizing FIESC and FSAMSC isolates from soybean roots in Ethiopia and Ghana.

Diversity of Fusarium spp. associated with wheat node and grain in representative sites across the western Canadian Prairies.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hafez ◽  
Ryan Gourlie ◽  
Melissa Telfer ◽  
Nicola Schatz ◽  
Kelly Turkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) are major wheat diseases worldwide. In this study, wheat node and grain samples were collected from four representative sites across the western Canadian prairies in 2018 growing season to characterize the major Fusarium spp. and other mycobiota associated with wheat in these regions. In total, 994 fungal isolates were recovered and based on culture and molecular diagnostic methods, three genera constituted over 90% of all fungal isolates, these were Alternaria (39.6%), Fusarium (27.8%), and Parastagonospora (23.9%). A qPCR was developed to quantify the most frequently isolated Fusarium spp. in infected wheat tissues: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae. The qPCR specificity was validated in silico, in vitro and in planta and proved specific to the target species.. The qPCR results showed that F. graminearum was not detected frequently in the four tested locations in this study. F. poae was the most abundant Fusarium species in grain samples in all tested locations. However, in node samples, F. culmorum (Beaverlodge and Scott) and F. avenaceum (Lacombe and Lethbridge) were the most abundant species. Trichothecene genotyping, showed that the 3ADON is the most dominant trichothecene genotype (68%), followed by type-A trichothecenes (29.5%), while the 15ADON trichothecene genotype was least dominant (2.5%) and the NIV genotype was not detected. Moreover, a total of 129 TEF1α sequences from nine Fusarium spp. were compared at haplotype level to evaluate genetic variability and haplotype distribution. F. avenaceum and F.poae exhibited higher diversity.

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