scholarly journals Microorganisms colonising the rhizosphere of winter wheat protected with Impact Super 347 SC fungicide and Bion 50 WG plant resistance stimulator

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Author(s):  
U. Wachowska ◽  
B. Majchrzak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Plant Protection

In a field experiment, the effect of plant protection agents on fungal colonies colonising the rhizoplane and the rhizosphere of Elena winter wheat was determined. Impact super 347 SC (flutriafol and chlorotalonil) limited the number of fungi representing Trichoderma, promoted the growth of both fungi from the Fusarium gene and bacteria of Pseudomonas in addition to tricalcium phosphate hydrolysing bacteria. The plant resistance stimulator Bion 50 WG (acybenzolar-s-methyl) strongly reduced the population of Actinomycetales. Bacteria representing Azotobacter did not respond to the applied agents.

Biomass production of weeds on the winter wheat stubble in long-term fertilization field experiment

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
András Kismányoky ◽  
Tamás Kismányoky
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Wheat Stubble

scholarly journals Influence of the tillage method on the development of leaf diseases of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kremneva ◽  
K. E. Gasiyan ◽  
A. V. Ponomarev ◽  
A. Kokhmetova ◽  
S. I. Novoseletsky
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Experimental Plots

To carry out effective plant protection measures, it is necessary to take into account all the factors affecting the quality of the crop. The aim of our research was to study the degree of development of leaf diseases of winter wheat and the rate of infestation of crops, depending on the tillage method. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 at the experimental plots of “Kuban educational farm” in Krasnodar. For the research, four experimental plots with Steppe variety of soft winter wheat were created, where various soil cultivation systems were applied: 1 - No-Till (zero technology), 2 - moldboard-free technology, 3 - recommended, 4 - moldboard technology. The article presents data on the degree of development of diseases and the degree of infestation of winter wheat plants in the crops of test plots with various tillage systems. It was found that the most preferable is the use of the recommended type of treatment, since with it the least number of diseases develops and the degree of development of pathogens is reduced by 2-3 times in comparison with other options. The influence of the tillage method on the number and composition of phytopathogen spores was revealed.

scholarly journals Performance of Winter Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally with Focus on Fusarium Head Blight and Fusarium Trichothecene Toxins

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Góral ◽  
Aleksander Łukanowski ◽  
Elzbieta Maluszynska ◽  
Kinga Stuper-Szablewska ◽  
Maciej Buśko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Conventional Agriculture

Growing acreage and changing consumer preferences cause increasing interest in the cereal products originating from organic farming. Lack of results of objective test, however, does not allow drawing conclusions about the effects of cultivation in the organic system and comparison to currently preferred conventional system. Field experiment was conducted in organic and conventional fields. Thirty modern cultivars of winter wheat were sown. They were characterized for disease infection including Fusarium head blight, seed sowing value, the amount of DNA of the six species of Fusarium fungi as well as concentration of ergosterol and trichothecenes in grain. The intensity Fusarium head blight was at a similar level in both systems. However, Fusarium colonization of kernels expressed as ergosterol level or DNA concentration was higher for the organic system. It did not reflect in an increased accumulation of trichothecenes in grain, which was similar in both systems, but sowing value of organically produced seeds was lower. Significant differences between analyzed cropping systems and experimental variants were found. The selection of the individual cultivars for organic growing in terms of resistance to diseases and contamination of grain with Fusarium toxins was possible. Effects of organic growing differ significantly from the conventional and grain obtained such way can be recommended to consumers. There are indications for use of particular cultivars bred for conventional agriculture in the case of organic farming, and the growing organic decreases plant stress resulting from intense fertilization and chemical plant protection.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTION OF WINTER WHEAT SEEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
A. P. Voloshchuk ◽  
I. S. Voloshchuk ◽  
V. V. Gliva ◽  
O. M. Sluchak ◽  
G. S. Gereshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Search And Selection ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

In recent years, interest in non-traditional methods of farming and plant growing has increased, which include the widespread use of biological methods of plant protection and nutrition, allowing significantly reduce the use of pesticides and reduce fertilizer rates. Therefore, there is a constant search and selection of highly effective and competitive formulations that, in growing technologies, ensured an increase in yield and the quality of the grown products. It has been established that the reasons for obtaining seeds of low yielding and sowing qualities of winter wheat in the zone of excessive moisture in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are lodging of crops and the development of harmful diseases. These negative phenomena can be prevented through the use of the Vympel-2 growth regulator and Oracle microfertilizer colofermin copper, both when separately and simultaneously introduced into the ejection phase of the tube. Under the influence of these formulations, resistance to lodging of plants increases, the spread of diseases decreases: powdery mildew, leaf septoria, and dark brown rust. The increased spike growth and the best filling of winter wheat grains occur due to the shortening of the vegetative part of the shoot, which contributes to a significant increase in productivity - 0.45–0.55 t / ha. Due to optimal growth and development, seeds of high sowing qualities are formed on maternal plants. The most effective is the tank mixture of the Vympel-2 growth regulator (0.5 l / ha) with microfertilizer Oracle colofermin copper (1.0 l / ha) against the background of N30P90K90 with the phased introduction of nitrogen according to N30P90K90 at the IV and VII stages of organogenesis, which reduced development diseases on plants compared with the control (without treatment of sowing) by 15.4% (powdery mildew), 10.8 (leaf Septoria) and 10.4% (dark brown spotting).

Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionis in Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Mazen Bufaur ◽  
◽  
Safwat Al-Gkhami ◽  
Rami Bou Hamdan ◽  
Waed Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
First Year ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Second Year

Bufaur, M., S. Al-Gkhami, R. Bohamdan, W. Ghanem and M. Dawara. 2021. Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionisin Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.268272 A weekly adults collection of Capnodis tendebrionis L. (Buprestidae; Coleoptera) was conducted for two seasons (2018, 2019) to determine the maximum insect adults appearance period. Early adult appearance was recorded in the first year in warm-dry months as compared to the second year in cold-wet months. Maximum insect adults appearance was recorded at the end of April during the first season and at the end of May in the second season. A field experiment was carried out to test the efficacy of some pesticides on controlling pest adults: Deltamethrin, 100g/l, Chlorpyriphos-ethyl 48% and Acetamiprid 20% as a foliar spray, and Deltamethrin 0.25% as dusting powder around the stem, in addition to the control. Results obtained showed that Chlorpyriphos-ethyl and the two Deltamethrin treatments were the best on adults and with significant differences compared with Acetamiprid treatment following the first and the second week after spraying in 2018, and the Deltamethrin as dusting powder and Chlorpyriphos-ethyl treatments were the best and with significant differences compared to other treatments were observed. Using Deltamethrin as dusting powder around the stem was highly efficient during three weeks after spraying as compared with other treatments in the two years. Keywords: Capnodis tendebrionis L., Maximum adult appearance period, Deltamethrin, Chlorpyriphos- ethyl and Acetamiprid

scholarly journals Natural Compounds as Elicitors of Plant Resistance Against Diseases and New Biocontrol Strategies

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jamiołkowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
New Strategies

The goal of sustainable and organic agriculture is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals, and people. Organic plant production uses natural products and natural self-regulation processes occurring in the ecosystem. The availability of innovative applications and molecular techniques opens up new possibilities in the approach to plant protection for sustainable and organic agriculture. New strategies not only directly protect plants against pathogens but can also induce enhanced immunity that permanently protects against pathogenic strains. This review focuses on the bioactive properties of selected natural compounds (of plant and animal origin), their action on pathogens, and their roles in the mechanism of inducing plant resistance. The author presents selected activities of organic bioactive compounds, such as allicin, naringin, terpenes, laminarin, carrageenans, chitin and chitosan, and outlines the possibilities for their application in protecting crop plants against diseases. In addition, this mini review describes the mechanism of action of the above compounds as elicitors of defense reactions in the plant and the possibility of their utilization in the production of biological preparations as elements of a new plant protection strategy.

Susceptibility of endophyte-infected grasses to winter pathogens (snow molds)

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piippa R. Wäli ◽  
Marjo Helander ◽  
Oiva Nissinen ◽  
Kari Saikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Neotyphodium Endophyte ◽  
Status Interaction

Neotyphodium endophytes are suggested to be mutualistic symbionts of grasses and regarded as potential biological plant protection agents. We examined the effects of the Neotyphodium endophyte of meadow ryegrass on snow molds in vitro with dual cultures of endophyte and Typhula ishikariensis , and on grass–snow mold interactions in vivo in a greenhouse and in a field experiment. In dual cultures, the endophytes formed an inhibition zone and retarded the growth of T. ishikariensis. In the field experiment, however, the endophyte-infected (E+) meadow ryegrasses were more susceptible to T. ishikariensis than the endophyte-free (E–) grasses. Endophyte infection increased the winter damage of grasses both in greenhouse and in field conditions. After winter, the growth of E+ grasses exceeded the growth of E– plants in the field experiment, indicating the marked tolerance of E+ grasses against winter damage. We detected differences in growth and pathogenesis between the different T. ishikariensis strains and found meadow ryegrass cultivar–endophyte status interaction in the growth of meadow ryegrasses, which highlight the effects of the genetic background of the participants on endophyte–grass–snow mold interactions.

scholarly journals Performance of Winter Wheat Cultivars Grown Organically and Conventionally with Focus on Fusarium Head Blight and Fusarium Trichothecene Toxins

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Góral ◽  
Aleksander Łukanowski ◽  
Elżbieta Małuszyńska ◽  
Kinga Stuper-Szablewska ◽  
Maciej Buśko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Conventional Agriculture

Growing acreage and changing consumer preferences cause increasing interest in the cereal products originating from organic farming. Lack of results of objective test, however, does not allow drawing conclusions about the effects of cultivation in the organic system and comparison to currently preferred conventional system. Field experiment was conducted in organic and conventional fields. Thirty modern cultivars of winter wheat were sown. They were characterized for disease infection including Fusarium head blight, seed sowing value, the amount of DNA of the six species of Fusarium fungi as well as concentration of ergosterol and trichothecenes in grain. The intensity Fusarium head blight was at a similar level in both systems. However, Fusarium colonization of kernels expressed as ergosterol level or DNA concentration was higher for the organic system. It did not reflect in an increased accumulation of trichothecenes in grain, which was similar in both systems, but sowing value of organically produced seeds was lower. Significant differences between analyzed cropping systems and experimental variants were found. The selection of the individual cultivars for organic growing in terms of resistance to diseases and contamination of grain with Fusarium toxins was possible. Effects of organic growing differ significantly from the conventional and grain obtained such way can be recommended to consumers. There are indications for use of particular cultivars bred for conventional agriculture in the case of organic farming, and the growing organic decreases plant stress resulting from intense fertilization and chemical plant protection.

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