scholarly journals Investigation of biological peculiarities of Blumeriella jaapii

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 399-401
Author(s):  
A. Valiushkaite
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

Leaf spot pathogen is characterized as a highly developed parasite after investigation of development peculiarities of the fungus in pure culture and natural conditions. The degree of correlation depended on the medium. Impact of incubation temperature on Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) Arx growth was different. Fungi colonies formed more intensively and their diameter increased significantly under higher temperature. Optimal conditions for the disease prevalence are 15–20°C and moisture. Relative humidity and precipitation influenced maturation of ascomycetes and discharge of ascospores (r = +0.89). Microscopic analysis of leaves showed that during winter thaw, when the average temperature is about 0 ± 5°C and relative humidity is higher than 70%, was possible to detect mature ascomycetes and conidia. It is possible to affirm that lower temperature than it was assumed is sufficient for formation of ascomycetes.

Environmental Conditions Required for Germination of Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Moist Chilling ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Various environmental factors were tested under laboratory conditions to determine their effects on germination of seeds of prickly sida (Sida spinosaL. ♯3SIDSP). Neither freezing and thawing nor moist chilling at 5 C promoted seed germination. However, increasing the incubation temperature and subjecting seeds to wet-dry cycles enhanced germination; high temperatures were more effective than alternate wetting and drying. Shifting seeds from a lower to a higher temperature regime increased germination. Seeds shifted from 15/6, 20/10, 25/15, or 30/15 C to higher regimes of 20/10, 25/15, 30/15, 35/20, or 40/25 C germinated to greater percentages than did seeds kept continuously at the lower thermoperiods. With an increase in length of time seeds were at a lower temperature, there was an increase in the percentage that germinated after they were moved to a higher regime.

scholarly journals Airborne micro-organisms: survival tests with four viruses

1961 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Micro Organisms

Airborne virus particles of vaccinia, influenza, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, and poliomyelitis have been tested for viable survival in the dark at controlled temperatures and relative humidity (R.H.) for up to 23 hr. after spraying.Viable survival at each R.H. level was better at lower temperature than at higher temperature. Poliomyelitis virus showed best survival at high R.H.; the other three viruses survived best at low R.H.

scholarly journals Needle Damage Development in Norway Spruce Seedlings as Affected by Humidity, Temperature, and Gray Mold: A Preliminary Study

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Raija-Liisa Petäistö ◽  
Juha Heiskanen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Damage Development ◽  
Surface Wetness ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Lower Temperature

Botrytis cinerea inoculation on 3- and 6-month-old Norway spruce seedlings was tested in combinations of temperature (15 and 25°C) and relative humidity (50 and 80%) in a growth chamber. Occurrence of needle damage was examined 11 days after the inoculation. Damage occurred more on inoculated than on control seedlings. Needle damage tended to occur proportionally more on the older seedlings and concentrating more on the tops of the shoot in the younger seedlings. The higher temperature suggested slightly more damage occurrence than the lower temperature did. The relative humidity did not appear to correlate with the damage outbreak. Surface wetness tended to increase the damage occurrence but so did also the vapour pressure deficit. At the lower relative humidity, the seedlings had to be irrigated more frequently, which increased the surface wetness. Thus, the results suggest that any irrigation method or other condition control that can provide low surface wetness on seedlings decreases needle damage by B. cinerea in forest nurseries.

Eurythermic and stenothermic growth of cultured fish cells and their thermosensitivity

1989 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-737
Author(s):  
H. Mitani ◽  
K. Naruse ◽  
A. Shima
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Fish Cells ◽  
Shock Proteins

RBCF-1 cells derived from the caudal fin of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) have been established at 37 degrees C, and could grow at a wide range of temperatures (20–37 degrees C). To examine the mechanism(s) of this eurythermic property, we isolated clones from RBCF-1 cells with different optimal growth temperatures. R37 clone grew continuously at 37 degrees C but could not grow at 27 degrees C. R27 clone grew continuously at 27 degrees C but could not grow at 37 degrees C. Thus R37 and R27 cells may be referred to as stenothermic. The R3727 clone, which was derived from R37 cells selected at 27 degrees C, and the cell hybrids of R37 and R27 cells, could proliferate for a long time and form colonies at 27–37 degrees C, like progenitor RBCF-1 cells, so they may be referred to as eurythermic. The shape of colonies of R3727 cells changed with incubation temperature; they resembled those of R37 cells at a higher temperature (37 degrees C), while at a lower temperature, (27 degrees C), they were like those of R27 cells. The lethal effects of heat treatment were compared among RBCF-1 clones. R27 cells were most sensitive, and R37 cells were most resistant. The heat treatment could induce the four major heat-shock proteins (hsp30, hsp42, hsp70 and hsp90). Marked induction of hsp70 and hsp30 was observed at 33 degrees C for R27, at 37 degrees C for R3727 and at 40 degrees C for R37. With R3727 cells, induction of hsps and thermosensitivity were highly dependent on the incubation temperature before heat treatment.

scholarly journals What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ti-Wei Xue ◽  
Zeng-Yuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Second Law ◽  
The Real ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature Method ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Temperature

In this paper, we first analyze the difference between the second law of thermodynamics and the laws in other disciplines. There are some phenomena in other disciplines similar to the Clausius Statement of the second law, but none of them has been accepted as the statement of a certain law. Clausius’ mechanical theory of heat, published in the nineteenth century, is then introduced and discussed in detail, from which it is found that Clausius himself regarded “Theorem of the equivalence of the transformation of heat to work, and the transformation of heat at a higher temperature to a lower temperature”, rather than “Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other change”, as the statement of the second law of thermodynamics. The latter is only laid down as the fundamental principle for deriving the theorem of the equivalence of transformations. Finally, based on the theorem of the equivalence of transformations and the average temperature method, a general quantitative relation among the heat, the work, and the temperatures is obtained for arbitrary cycles, which is thus recommended as an alternative mathematic expression of the second law. Hence, the theorem of the equivalence of transformations is the real Clausius Statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

scholarly journals Impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19: a modelling study in China and the United States

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043863
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Wang ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Weifeng Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWe aim to assess the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19 across communities after accounting for community-level factors such as demographics, socioeconomic status and human mobility status.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional regression analysis via the Fama-MacBeth procedure is adopted.SettingWe use the data for COVID-19 daily symptom-onset cases for 100 Chinese cities and COVID-19 daily confirmed cases for 1005 US counties.ParticipantsA total of 69 498 cases in China and 740 843 cases in the USA are used for calculating the effective reproductive numbers.Primary outcome measuresRegression analysis of the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the effective reproductive number (R value).ResultsStatistically significant negative correlations are found between temperature/relative humidity and the effective reproductive number (R value) in both China and the USA.ConclusionsHigher temperature and higher relative humidity potentially suppress the transmission of COVID-19. Specifically, an increase in temperature by 1°C is associated with a reduction in the R value of COVID-19 by 0.026 (95% CI (−0.0395 to −0.0125)) in China and by 0.020 (95% CI (−0.0311 to −0.0096)) in the USA; an increase in relative humidity by 1% is associated with a reduction in the R value by 0.0076 (95% CI (−0.0108 to −0.0045)) in China and by 0.0080 (95% CI (−0.0150 to −0.0010)) in the USA. Therefore, the potential impact of temperature/relative humidity on the effective reproductive number alone is not strong enough to stop the pandemic.

scholarly journals Sprouting of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench): Effect of Drying Treatment on Protein and Starch Features

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Marchini ◽  
Alessandra Marti ◽  
Claudia Folli ◽  
Barbara Prandi ◽  
Tommaso Ganino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The nutritional and physicochemical properties of sorghum proteins and starch make the use of this cereal for food production challenging. Sprouting is a cost-effective technology to improve the nutritional and functional profile of grains. Two drying treatments were used after sorghum sprouting to investigate whether the drying phase could improve the protein and starch functionalities. Results showed that the drying treatment at lower temperature/longer time (40 °C for 12 h) extended the enzymatic activity that started during sprouting compared to the one performed at higher temperature/shorter time (50 °C for 6 h). An increased protein hydrolysis and water- and oil-holding capacity were found in the flour obtained by the former treatment. Higher protein matrix hydrolysis caused high exposure of starch to enzymes, thus increasing its digestibility, while worsening the technological functionality. Overall, modulating drying conditions could represent a further way, in addition to sprouting, to improve sorghum flour’s nutritional profile.

MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF Al-Cu-Mg-Ag ALLOY WITH TRACE Zr ADDITION DURING TWO-STEP HOMOGENIZATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEIYUE MA ◽  
ZHIYI LIU
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Zr Addition ◽  
Homogenization Time ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

The microstructural evolution in an Al - Cu - Mg - Ag alloy with trace Zr addition during homogenization treatment was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). It was shown that the low-melting-point phase segregating toward grain boundaries is Al 2 Cu , with a melting point of 523.52°C. A two-step homogenization process was employed to optimize the microstructure of the as-cast alloy, during which the alloy was first homogenized at a lower temperature, then at a higher temperature. After homogenized at 420°C for 6 h, Al 3 Zr particles were finely formed in the matrix. After that, when the alloy was homogenized at an elevated temperature for a longer time, i.e., 515°C for 24 h, most of the precipates at the grain boundaries were removed. Furthermore, the dispersive Al 3 Zr precipitates were retained, without coarsening greatly in the final homogenization step. A kinetics model is employed to predict the optimal homogenization time at a given temperature theoretically, and it confirms the result in present study, which is 420°C/6h+515°C/24h.

Experimental Study on Hygroscopicity of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 2275-2278
Author(s):  
Ming Jin Yang ◽  
Wu Ming Xu ◽  
Tian Tang ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Critical Relative Humidity ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Higher Temperature

The hygroscopicity property of the rapeseed at different temperature and humidity was experimental studied in this paper. Tested results show that: the moisture absorption rates increase with the increase of relative humidity at the early period of absorption, and higher temperature leads to earlier reach of moisture equilibrium; the critical relative humidity(CRH) increases with the increase of temperature; the optional relative humidity for safety storage of rapeseed should be controlled less than 60%.

scholarly journals Research on the Static Recrystallization and Precipitation Behaviors of a V-N Microalloyed Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baochun Zhao ◽  
Tan Zhao ◽  
Guiyan Li ◽  
Qiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Microalloyed Steel ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Recrystallization Process ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Double Compression ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Temperature Strain

Double compression tests were performed on a Gleeble-3800 thermomechanical simulator to study the softening behaviors of deformed austenite in a V-N microalloyed steel. The static recrystallization volume fractions were calculated by stress offset method, and the kinetic model of static recrystallization was constructed. The effects of temperature, strain, and time interval on the softening behaviors were analyzed, and the interactions between precipitation and recrystallization were discussed. The results show that the softening behaviors of the deformed austenite at lower temperature or higher temperature are markedly different. At the temperature of 850°C or 800°C, pinning effects of the precipitates play the main role, and the recrystallization process is inhibited, which leads to the formation of plateaus in the softening curves. An increase in strain promotes the precipitation and recrystallization processes while reduces the inhibition effect of precipitation on recrystallization as well.

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