scholarly journals Distribution and pathogenic peculiarities of fungi of the Alternaria genus on vegetable crops in Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
A. Shidlauskienė ◽  
E. Survilienė
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Alternaria Dauci ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Streptomyces Griseoviridis ◽  
Plant Activator

In 1999–2001 the investigation of Alternaria species on vegetable crops: cabbage, cucumber, tomato and carrot was carried out and fungi species were isolated from vegetables and substrata used for plant cultivation. Isolated micromycetes: Alternaria alternata, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria brassicicola, Alternaria cucurbitae, Alternaria dauci, Alternaria radicina and Alternaria solani differed in pathogenic peculiarities, frequency of occurrence and their various reaction to fungicides (a.s. azoxystrobin, dichlofluanid, Cooper hydroxide, mancozeb, propamocarb hydrochloride), plant activator Bion (benzothadiazole) and antagonistic microorganisms (Trichoderma harzianum, Streptomyces griseoviridis).

scholarly journals Survey and prevalence of species causing Alternaria leaf spots on brassica species in Pernambuco

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami J Michereff ◽  
Marissônia A Noronha ◽  
Maria S Xavier Filha ◽  
Marcos PS Câmara ◽  
Ailton Reis
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Brassicaceae Species ◽  
Alternaria Species

Brassicaceae family comprises plant species that are very important as vegetable crops, such as the species complex Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa. Alternaria brassicicola and A. brassicae are among the most important pathogens of Brassicaceae causing Alternaria leaf spot disease. The occurrence and prevalence of Alternaria species causing leaf spots in brassica crops in Pernambuco was acessed, as well as the existence of a possible preference by vegetable host for these pathogens. Twenty-eight fields were surveyed in the Agreste region of Pernambuco state, in the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. In each year, 10 Chinese cabbage, six cabbage, six cauliflower and six broccoli fields were visited. In each field, 50 leaves showing at least five lesions were randomly collected. Species identification was performed taking into account morphology of the conidia that was compared with literature data. Among the two Alternaria species found, A. brassicae was found in all Chinese cabbage fields while A. brassicicola was found in all fields of cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. Overall, A. brassicicola was more prevalent than A. brassicae. In Chinese cabbage there was predominance of A. brassicae, with mean prevalence of 91.0% and 96.5% in 2005 and 2006. On the other hand, in broccoli and cabbage there was high predominance of A. brassicicola, with mean prevalence between 95.1% and 99.8%. In cauliflower, although the prevalence has been of A. brassicicola, high frequency of A. brassicae was noted. The frequency of co-occurrence of both Alternaria species was very low. The results of this study reinforce the hypothesis of existence of host preference within species of Alternaria that cause leaf spots in brassica crops, especially when Chinese cabbage, broccoli and cabbage are considered. This information is critical to developing strategies for managing Alternaria leaf spots in Brassicaceae species.

scholarly journals Influence of tomato genotype to phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity as reaction to early blight

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Medic-Pap ◽  
Dejan Prvulovic ◽  
Ana Takac ◽  
Slobodan Vlajic ◽  
Dario Danojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Biochemical Level ◽  
Tomato Genotype ◽  
Tomato Disease

Early blight is one of the most common and destructive tomato disease and it is caused by the fungus Alternaria solani. The aim of this paper was to screen the reaction of ten tomato genotypes (collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops) against natural infection of early blight. Tested genotypes showed significant differences in the disease occurrence on leaves but not on fruits. However, at the biochemical level, total phenolics (TP), tannins (TT), flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant activity in tomato fruits was significantly affected by genotype, disease occurrence and interaction of these two factors. According to obtained results, content of these secondary metabolites could be used as a one of the parameters in the evaluation of tomato resistance to EB.

AEROPONICS AND FITOPYRАMIDA AND MODERN RESOURCE - SAVING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLE CROPS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Farawn ◽  
◽  
V.I. Leunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article discusses the features of two methods of soilless technology in the context of solving the problems of resource and energy conservation in the production of vegetables. In recent years, Fitopyramida techniques have achieved significant attention in agriculture. It is applied in agriculture to plan the several activities and missions properly by utilising limited resources with minor human interference. Currently, plant cultivation, using new agriculture methods is very popular among the growers. The aeroponics and Fitopyramida are methods of modern agriculture which is commonly practiced around the world.

scholarly journals Efeito de meios de cultura e fatores físicos no crescimento e esporulação de Alternaria dauci e A. solani

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Pulz ◽  
Nelson S. Massola Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Alternaria Dauci

Alternaria dauci e Alternaria solani são espécies / 24 h). O método desenvolvido neste trabalho foi comparado ao reconhecidamente difíceis de esporular em meios de cultura. Este tradicionalmente utilizado (BDA, 25 ºC, 12 h luz branca / 12 h trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a influência de alguns meios escuro e raspagem da colônia). O meio V8-ágar, temperatura de 25 de cultura e fatores fisicos sobre o crescimento micelial e a ºC, luz NUV e raspagem das colônias exerceram influência mais esporulação dessas espécies. Testaram-se os meios de cultura BDA, marcante no crescimento e esporulação. O fotoperíodo 12 h luz NUV Aveia e V8; temperaturas (15ºC, 20ºC, 25ºC, 30ºC e 35ºC) / 12 h escuro foi o que mais estimulou a esporulação. Observou-se que, comprimentos de onda da luz durante a incubação (amarelo, azul, de modo geral, períodos de escuro maiores que os períodos de luz, branco, NUV, verde e vermelho); tipos de injúria aplicados à aplicados após injúria da colônia, favoreceram a esporulação. O colônia (raspagem, UV, irradiação de microondas, e temperatura método desenvolvido mostrou-se nitidamente superior ao de 100 ºC) e fotoperíodos (luz / escuro, respectivamente, de 24 h tradicionalmente utilizado, para crescimento e esporulação de ambas / 0 h, 22 h / 2 h, 17 h / 7 h, 12 h / 12 h, 7 h / 17 h, 2 h / 22 e 0 h as espécies.

scholarly journals Levantamento da intensidade da alternariose e da podridão negra em cultivos orgânicos de brássicas em Pernambuco e Santa Catarina

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A M Peruch ◽  
Sami J Michereff ◽  
Issac B Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a intensidade da alternariose, causada por Alternaria brassicicola e/ou Alternaria brassicae, e da podridão negra, causada por Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, em cultivos orgânicos de brássicas em Pernambuco e Santa Catarina. Os levantamentos foram realizados no período de novembro de 2001 a fevereiro de 2002, num total de 103 cultivos orgânicos de várias espécies de brássicas. Foram registradas elevadas prevalências das doenças nos estados, com exceção em couve-chinesa em Santa Catarina. A prevalência da alternariose foi 100% nos cultivos de brócolis em Pernambuco, bem como em couve-flor nos dois estados, enquanto a podridão negra atingiu esse nível nos cultivos de brócolis e couve-flor em Santa Catarina. Na média das diferentes espécies de brássicas, as doenças foram mais prevalentes em Pernambuco que Santa Catarina. Entretanto, as médias de severidade de cada doença no conjunto das brássicas não foram diferentes entre os estados, embora as condições climáticas tenham sido nitidamente distintas. A severidade da alternariose variou entre as espécies de brássicas somente em Pernambuco, com a menor severidade registrada em couve-manteiga. Em relação à podridão negra, apenas em Santa Catarina houve diferença na severidade entre as brássicas, sendo registrados os menores níveis em couve-chinesa. Não foram constatadas correlações significativas entre os níveis de severidade da alternariose e da podridão negra, bem como da severidade destas com o número total de plantas e a idade das plantas nos cultivos.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of Alternaria species provides insights into the pathogenic lifestyle of Alternaria brassicae – a pathogen of the Brassicaceae family

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivasubramanian Rajarammohan ◽  
Kumar Paritosh ◽  
Deepak Pental ◽  
Jagreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Genome Architecture ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Dispensable Chromosome ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Intrachromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

Abstract Background Alternaria brassicae, a necrotrophic pathogen, causes Alternaria Leaf Spot, one of the economically important diseases of Brassica crops. Many other Alternaria spp. such as A. brassicicola and A. alternata are known to cause secondary infections in the A. brassicae-infected Brassicas. The genome architecture, pathogenicity factors, and determinants of host-specificity of A. brassicae are unknown. In this study, we annotated and characterised the recently announced genome assembly of A. brassicae and compared it with other Alternaria spp. to gain insights into its pathogenic lifestyle. Results We also sequenced the genomes of two A. alternata isolates that were co-infecting B. juncea using Nanopore MinION sequencing for additional comparative analyses within the Alternaria genus. Genome alignments within the Alternaria spp. revealed high levels of synteny between most chromosomes with some intrachromosomal rearrangements. We show for the first time that the genome of A. brassicae, a large-spored Alternaria species, contains a dispensable chromosome. We identified 460 A. brassicae-specific genes, which included many secreted proteins and effectors. Furthermore, we have identified the gene clusters responsible for the production of Destruxin-B, a known pathogenicity factor of A. brassicae. Conclusion The study provides a perspective into the unique and shared repertoire of genes within the Alternaria genus and identifies genes that could be contributing to the pathogenic lifestyle of A. brassicae.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Distribution of Potato-Associated Alternaria Species in Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Shunping Ding ◽  
Kiana Meinholz ◽  
Amanda J. Gevens
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Common Potato

Potato early blight caused by Alternaria solani and potato brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata are two common potato foliar diseases. Fungicide applications in Wisconsin target early blight with the expectation of managing brown spot simultaneously. However, distributions of the two pathogens over time and space have not been previously reported in Wisconsin. In this study, six potato fields in Wisconsin were systematically sampled during 2014 to 2017 to investigate the incidences of both pathogens; incidences of the pathogens were compared by location, timing, and year. Incidence of A. alternata had been recorded starting in late June in every field every year, whereas incidence of A. solani started later in some of the fields. At the end of each growing season throughout the four years, the highest incidence (100% most of the years) of A. solani was observed in a field in Plover, located in a concentrated potato production area of central Wisconsin, and a field in Arena, located in an isolated potato production area in southern Wisconsin. The highest incidence (100% every year) of A. alternata was observed in a field in Madison, an isolated potato field that was managed organically. Such distribution patterns could be a result of the different host ranges of the pathogens and abundance of inoculum in different geographic locations. In 2016, disease severity was correlated with the incidence of both pathogens (P < 0.0001 to P = 0.0299), but in 2017, disease severity was correlated with the incidence of A. solani in most of the fields (P < 0.0001 to P = 0.0799). These findings suggest that both Alternaria spp. are important for considering disease management strategies in central and southern Wisconsin.

Incidence of Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) Wiltsh. on Brassica oleracea seeds

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sivapalan ◽  
JW Browning
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Brassica Crops

Samples of Brassica oleracea seed from Victoria, were tested for the presence of seed-borne Alternaria brassicicola and Alternaria brassicae. A. brassicicola was detected in 26 of 44 samples tested but A. brassicae was not detected in any. Between 24 and 37% of seed was infected, with 4-8% of infection found in the embryo tissues. Inoculation of seed with A. brassicicola resulted in loss of vigour in germinated seedlings, followed by death. The fungus retained its viability and pathogenicity on seed stored for up to 12 months. This investigation indicates that a high proportion of commercially available brassica seed are contaminated with A. brassicicola and may therefore be a primary source of disease for brassica crops in Australia.

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