scholarly journals Alternative polyadenylation and polymorphisms of 3'untranslated regions of bovine BBOX1 gene

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
G.-L. Zhou ◽  
Y. Cao ◽  
Y.-Z. Xin ◽  
Y.-F. Song ◽  
H.-G. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Meat Weight

l-Carnitine, a key element in fatty acid metabolism and energy production, is biosynthesized from gamma-butyro-betaine by the catalysis of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX1). We cloned three different 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs) alternative polyadenylation (APA) transcripts of the BBOX1 gene with different 3'UTR length (GenBank Accession Nos. KX431577, KX431578, KX431579). Two polymorphisms, NM_001101881.2: g.1797_1798insTGC and g.1935T>C, were revealed in 3'UTR of BBOX1 gene. They created or disrupted a restriction site for endonuclease BbvI and HincII, respectively. Moreover, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) g.1935T>C can create or disrupt polyadenylation signals PAS3 resulting in the presence of APA3 transcript variant. Marker-trait association analyses showed that the BBOX1-BbvI and BBOX1-HincII loci were significantly associated with muscle fibre diameter, shear force, net meat weight, and carcass weight (P < 0.01). Moreover, we also found a significant association of combined genotypes with cooking loss, muscle fibre diameter, shear force, net meat weight, and carcass weight (P < 0.01). The results of this study provide the evidence that polymorphisms in BBOX1 gene are associated with meat quality and carcass traits in Chinese Red cattle, and may be used as a candidate for marker assisted selection in beef cattle breeding program.

scholarly journals Histological structure of the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis in pigs with the same ryanodine receptor genotype (CC) in relation to carcass indicators

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Z. Eliáš ◽  
S. Hluchý ◽  
J. Mlynek
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Meat Weight ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
White Muscle Fibre

The aim of this study was to investigate the histological structure of the longissimus muscle in pigs in relation to carcass value indicators. A total number of 16 pigs of about 101.28 kg average live weight were used. The animals were raised at a Fattening and Carcass Value Experimental Station (FCVES) of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in equal conditions, receiving a standard diet fortified with vitamin-mineral mixture, and they were slaughtered in an experimental abattoir of FCVES. Samples from the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracisi (MLLT) for histological evaluation were taken within 30 minutes post mortem, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at a temperature of −20°C. In the experimental abattoir of FCVES feeding indicators, and indicators of meat quality and carcass value were examined. Samples were processed histochemically and single types of muscle fibres were differentiated according to reactions on SDH on the basis of Vacek’s (1974) method. Nikon microscopic system, Pixelink digital camera and LUCIA software for image analyses for the morphometric analysis of MLLT structure were used. The highest abundance of white and the lowest abundance of intermediate muscle fibres was obtained in the analyzed musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracisi of pigs. Red muscle fibre abundance was only slightly higher than intermediate muscle fibre abundance. Concerning the average muscle fibre diameter, the highest values in white and the lowest values in red muscle fibres were found. Positive correlations of white muscle fibre abundance with loin meat weight, thigh meat weight, carcass length, ribcase length, hot right half weight, valuable meatiness parts in kilograms, thigh weight, thigh percent in the half-carcass and MLLT area weight were obtained. In the case of all fat content and weight indicators negative correlations were obtained except loin fat weight. Red muscle fibre content showed positive correlations with shoulder fat weight, neck meat weight, neck fat weight, head weight, thigh fat weight, average backfat thickness and MLLT area. Correlation coefficients between white muscle fibre diameter and shoulder meat weight, thigh meat weight, carcass length, ribcase length showed weak positive correlations. An increase in the white muscle fibre diameter corresponds with an increase in loin meat weight, valuable meatiness parts in kg, valuable meatiness parts in percents, thigh weight, thigh percent in the half-carcass weight and MLLT area. Concerning the red muscle fibre diameter weak positive correlations were obtained in relation to neck meat weight, thigh meat weight, thigh weight and moderate positive correlations to shoulder meat weight, loin meat weight, valuable meatiness parts in kilograms and percents, thigh percent in half-carcass and MLLT area.

scholarly journals The landscape of alternative polyadenylation in single cells of the developing mouse embryo

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Agarwal ◽  
Sereno Lopez-Darwin ◽  
David R. Kelley ◽  
Jay Shendure
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Translation Rate ◽  
Dynamic Landscape

Abstract3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA stability, localization, and translation rate. While 3′-UTR isoforms have been globally quantified in limited cell types using bulk measurements, their differential usage among cell types during mammalian development remains poorly characterized. In this study, we examine a dataset comprising ~2 million nuclei spanning E9.5–E13.5 of mouse embryonic development to quantify transcriptome-wide changes in alternative polyadenylation (APA). We observe a global lengthening of 3′ UTRs across embryonic stages in all cell types, although we detect shorter 3′ UTRs in hematopoietic lineages and longer 3′ UTRs in neuronal cell types within each stage. An analysis of RNA-binding protein (RBP) dynamics identifies ELAV-like family members, which are concomitantly induced in neuronal lineages and developmental stages experiencing 3′-UTR lengthening, as putative regulators of APA. By measuring 3′-UTR isoforms in an expansive single cell dataset, our work provides a transcriptome-wide and organism-wide map of the dynamic landscape of alternative polyadenylation during mammalian organogenesis.

scholarly journals Genotyping-by-Sequencing of Gossypium hirsutum Races and Cultivars Uncovers Novel Patterns of Genetic Relationships and Domestication Footprints

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117693431988994
Author(s):  
Shulin Zhang ◽  
Yaling Cai ◽  
Jinggong Guo ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Renhai Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Candidate Gene Locus

Determining the genetic rearrangement and domestication footprints in Gossypium hirsutum cultivars and primitive race genotypes are essential for effective gene conservation efforts and the development of advanced breeding molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding. In this study, 94 accessions representing the 7 primitive races of G hirsutum, along with 9 G hirsutum and 12 Gossypium barbadense cultivated accessions were evaluated. The genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was employed and 146 558 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were generated. Distinct SNP signatures were identified through the combination of selection scans and association analyses. Phylogenetic analyses were also conducted, and we concluded that the Latifolium, Richmondi, and Marie-Galante race accessions were more genetically related to the G hirsutum cultivars and tend to cluster together. Fifty-four outlier SNP loci were identified by selection-scan analysis, and 3 SNPs were located in genes related to the processes of plant responding to stress conditions and confirmed through further genome-wide signals of marker-phenotype association analysis, which indicate a clear selection signature for such trait. These results identified useful candidate gene locus for cotton breeding programs.

Susceptible genes of restless legs syndrome in migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1028-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ling Fuh ◽  
Ming-Yi Chung ◽  
Shu-Chih Yao ◽  
Ping-Kun Chen ◽  
Yi-Chu Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective Several genetic variants have been found to increase the risk of restless legs syndrome (RLS). The aim of the present study was to determine if these genetic variants were also associated with the comorbidity of RLS and migraine in patients. Methods Thirteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at six RLS risk loci ( MEIS1, BTBD9, MAP2K5, PTPRD, TOX3, and an intergenic region on chromosome 2p14) were genotyped in 211 migraine patients with RLS and 781 migraine patients without RLS. Association analyses were performed for the overall cohort, as well as for the subgroups of patients who experienced migraines with and without aura and episodic migraines (EMs) vs. chronic migraines (CMs). In order to verify which genetic markers were potentially related to the incidence of RLS in migraine patients, multivariate regression analyses were also performed. Results Among the six tested loci, only MEIS1 was significantly associated with RLS. The most significant SNP of MEIS1, rs2300478, increased the risk of RLS by 1.42-fold in the overall cohort ( p = 0.0047). In the subgroup analyses, MEIS1 augmented the risk of RLS only in the patients who experienced EMs (odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, p = 0.0004) and not those experiencing CMs. Multivariate regression analyses further showed that rs2300478 in MEIS1 (OR = 1.39, p = 0.018), a CM diagnosis (OR = 1.52, p = 0.022), and depression (OR = 1.86, p = 0.005) were independent predictors of RLS in migraine. Conclusions MEIS1 variants were associated with an increased risk of RLS in migraine patients. It is possible that an imbalance in iron homeostasis and the dopaminergic system may represent a link between RLS incidence and migraines.

The effect of a leptin single nucleotide polymorphism on quality grade, yield grade, and carcass weight of beef cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Kononoff ◽  
H. M. Deobald ◽  
E. L. Stewart ◽  
A. D. Laycock ◽  
F. L. S. Marquess
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Grade Yield

scholarly journals Post-synaptic morphology of mouse neuromuscular junctions is linked to muscle fibre type

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra M. Mech ◽  
Anna-Leigh Brown ◽  
Giampietro Schiavo ◽  
James N. Sleigh
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Muscle Fibre Type ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Muscle Fibres

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the highly specialised peripheral synapse formed between lower motor neuron terminals and muscle fibres. Post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which are found in high density in the muscle membrane, bind to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft of the NMJ, ultimately facilitating the conversion of motor action potentials to muscle contractions. NMJs have been studied for many years as a general model for synapse formation, development and function, and are known to be early sites of pathological changes in many neuromuscular diseases. However, information is limited on the diversity of NMJs in different muscles, whether muscle fibre type impacts NMJ morphology and growth, and the relevance of these parameters to neuropathology. Here, this crucial gap was addressed using a robust and standardised semi-automated workflow called NMJ-morph to quantify features of pre- and post-synaptic NMJ architecture in an unbiased manner. Five wholemount muscles from wild-type mice were dissected and compared at immature (post-natal day, P7) and early adult (P31-32) timepoints. Post-synaptic AChR morphology was found to be more variable between muscles than that of the motor neuron terminal and there were greater differences in the developing NMJ than at the mature synapse. Post-synaptic architecture, but not neuronal morphology or post-natal synapse growth, correlates with fibre type and is largely independent of muscle fibre diameter. Counter to previous observations, this study indicates that smaller NMJs tend to innervate muscles with higher proportions of fast twitch fibres and that NMJ growth rate is not conserved across all muscles. Furthermore, healthy pre- and post-synaptic NMJ morphological parameters were collected for five anatomically and functionally distinct mouse muscles, generating reference data that will be useful for the future assessment of neuromuscular disease models.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Perbandingan Karkas Dari Beberapa Bangsa Sapi

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Cut Aida Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Observation Time ◽  
T Test ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Meat Weight

ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was determined how far the comparisons of carcass of those three species. This research were used 57 fattening cow. Which consisting of 19 Aceh (SA) cow. 19 Brahman cross (BX) cow and 19 Friesian Holstein (FH), for 90 days observation time. The attributes that observed include: percentage of carcass weight, percentage of meat weight, percentage of added result, percentage of bone weight, percentage of fat. From each of those multi special of cow, considering each of their weight before cutter. The result of this research are: mean (± SE) of their life weight are: SA 316.00  ± 9.68 kg, BX: 410.16 ± 9.53 kg and FH: 414.37 ± 10.12 kg. Mean (± SE) of carcass percentage are: FH: 53.33 ± 0.83%, SA 55.75 ± 0.67% and BX: 56.28 ± 0.74. Mean (± SE) of meat weight percentage : FH: 69.15 ± 0.74%, BX: 70.91 ± 1.18% and SA: 72.67 ± 1.08%. Mean (± SE) of added result percentage: FH: 25.22  ± 0.57%, BX: 25.33 ± 0.47% and SA: 25.74 ± 0.74%. Mean (± SE) of bone weight  percentage: SA: 16.75 ± 00.58%, BX: 19.24 ± 0.72% and FH: 20.91 ± 0.74%. Mean (±SE) of fat percentage: SA: 6.94 ± 0.75% , BX: 17.84 ± 0.55%, and FH: 8.21 ± 0.49%. The result of ‘T’ test of SA carcass, meat and fat weight percentage were not significantly different with BX. SA added result percentage was not significantly different with BX and FH. SA bone weight percentage was signicantly different (P 0.05) with BX. SA carcass, meats and fat weight percentage were significantly different (P 0.05) with FH. SA bone weight percentage was not significantly different with FH. Carcass weight percentage of BX was signicantly different (P 0.05) with FH. Meat, added result meat, bones and fat weight percentage of BX were not sifnificantly different with FH.

scholarly journals Variation in the caprine keratin-associated protein 15-1 (KAP15-1) gene affects cashmere fibre diameter

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengli Zhao ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Jon G. H. Hickford ◽  
Hua Gong ◽  
Jiqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract. Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a structural component of cashmere fibre, and variation in some KAP genes (KRTAPs) has been associated with a number of caprine fibre traits. In this study, we report the identification of KRTAP15-1 in goats. Sequence variation in the gene was detected using the polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique in 250 Longdong goats, and six variants (named A to F) containing eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Five of the SNPs were non-synonymous and would lead to putative amino acid changes. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that KRTAP15-1 was expressed in secondary hair follicles but not in heart tissue, liver tissue, lung tissue, kidney tissue or the longissimus dorsi muscle. Despite being rich in cysteine, the caprine KAP15-1 protein possesses a high content of serine and moderate content of glycine and phenylalanine. Association analyses revealed that KRTAP15-1 variant A was associated with decreased mean fibre diameter (MFD), and this effect appeared to be dominant; while variant C was found to be associated with increased MFD, the effect being recessive. The findings suggest that caprine KRTAP15-1 is highly polymorphic and that variation in this gene affects cashmere MFD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document