scholarly journals Tan spot development peculiarities in Latvia

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 381-383
Author(s):  
B. Bankina
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Flowering Rate ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Training ◽  
Very High

Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., anamorph Drechslera tritici-repentis is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world, especially in the regions of intensive wheat growing. Tan spot had established for the first time in Latvia in 1994. Epidemic of this disease was observed in Latvia in 1998. Development of tan spot were investigated in field experiments at the Research and Training Farm “Peterlauki” of Latvia University of Agriculture in 1998–2001. Level of incidence and severity of tan spot differed depending on varieties and years. Severity of the disease was 16–71% in 1999; 0.1–5% in 2000 and 4–18% in 2001 depending on varieties at the time of ripening. 1999 summer was extremely dry, and development of disease was not observed. Explosion of disease was observed at the second half of June in 2000 and 2001, without reference to varieties. Date of increasing start differed, but in all cases important development was observed after flowering. Rate of increasing of disease was very high, during two weeks severity of disease increased from 0.1 till maximum of severity. Amount and frequency of rainy differed in 2000 and 2001, but increase on disease was very similar, it means, we need more information about favourable conditions for Drechslera tritici-repentis. Sexual stage Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was observed in Latvia for the first time. Further investigations are necessary, because relationships between meteorological conditions and stages of development are unclear.

scholarly journals Increased Serum Levels of S100A4 and S100A15 in Individuals Suffering from Hidradenitis Suppurativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5320
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Batycka-Baran ◽  
Łukasz Matusiak ◽  
Danuta Nowicka-Suszko ◽  
Jacek C. Szepietowski ◽  
Wojciech Baran
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
First Time

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Recently, some S100 proteins have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and they may constitute valuable biomarkers for these diseases’ diagnosis and monitoring. The objective of the current study was to investigate, for the first time, serum levels of S100A4 and S100A15 in individuals suffering from HS. Furthermore, we assessed the associations between S100A4 and S100A15 serum levels and the severity of disease, CRP serum concentration and some demographic and clinical data. Serum levels of S100A4 and S100A15 were evaluated with the commercially available ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The serum level of S100A4 in individuals with HS was significantly elevated as compared to controls, with the highest level found in the individuals in Hurley stage II. The S100A15 serum level was positively correlated with the CRP concentration and was associated with the severity of the disease. The serum level of S100A15 in the individuals in Hurley stage III was significantly elevated compared to that of the controls and the individuals with HS in Hurley stages I and II. S100A4 and S100A15 may be considered as new serum biomarkers for the monitoring of HS progression, and they may play a role in the pathogenesis of HS by promoting inflammatory process and fibrosis.

scholarly journals Tan spot - the most harmful wheat leaf disease in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Biruta Bankina
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Wheat Development ◽  
Ripening Rate ◽  
The Relationship

Tan spot (<i>Pyrenophora tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>) is one of the most important wheat diseases in Latvia. Significant spreading of this disease was observed from 1998. Field experiments were carried out at the Research and Training Farm "Peterlauki" of the Latvia University of Agriculture, during 1998-2003. Development of diseases was observed on 14 winter wheat varieties, dynamics of development was investigated on 'Donskaja polukarlikovaja' and 'Stava'. Assessments of the disease severity were carried out on the upper three leaves each week from the start of stem elongation to full ripening. Tan spot was observed at the stage of stem elongation in 2003, and only after flowering in 1999. Increase of the disease severity was slow until stage of milk ripeness, and only in late stages of wheat development sharp increase of the disease was observed. Total rate of infection (through the session of vegetation) was very slow (0,01-0,19), but during ripening rate achieved 0,5-0,6. The main reason of so unequal development of the disease seems changes in amount of infection sources. Other possible reason of rapid increase of the disease development is the relationship between leaf age and susceptibility to the disease. Further research is necessary for better understanding of tan spot life cycle.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FIBROUS ROOT INFECTION BY STREPTOMYCES IPOMOEA ON YIELD OF SWEETPOTATO.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1165c-1165
Author(s):  
Jean B. Ristaino ◽  
Charles Averre
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Fibrous Roots

The effect of fibrous root infection by S. ipomoea on disease on storage roots and production of marketable yield in the susceptible sweetpotato cultivar `Jewel' was evaluated in field experiments in 3 years. Drip irrigation (main plots) reduced disease on fibrous roots in plots not treated with sulfur or fumigated, but did not significantly increase yields in any year. Sulfur (subplots) reduced the severity of the disease on fibrous roots in nonfumigated plots in 2 years, but reduced yields by 21-33% in 2 of 3 years. Fumigation of soil with Telone C-17 (sub-subplots) reduced the percentage of diseased storage roots produced per plot from 71%, 8%, and 22% in nonfumigated plots to 52%, 3% and 6% in fumigated plots in 1988, 1989 and 1990, respectively and reduced the severity of disease on fibrous roots in all years. Only fumigation increased the yield of marketable storage roots by 68% and 19% in two of three years. The severity of disease on fibrous roots was positively correlated with the percentage of diseased storage roots produced per plot (r = 0.84) and the number of diseased storage roots produced per plant (r = 0.64), and was negatively correlated with the number of storage roots produced per plant (r = -0.66). Yield of marketable storage roots was negatively correlated with both the severity of disease on fibrous roots (r = -0.77) and the percentage of diseased storage roots produced per plot (r = -0.73). These data demonstrate the importance of fibrous root disease in this pathosystem. Management strategies that reduce disease on fibrous roots may ultimately lead to increased yield of storage roots.

scholarly journals The Identification of Two New Races of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis from the Host Center of Diversity Confirms a One-to-One Relationship in Tan Spot of Wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lamari ◽  
S. E. Strelkov ◽  
A. Yahyaoui ◽  
J. Orabi ◽  
R. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Image ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Ptr Toxa ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
Virulence Pattern ◽  
One To One ◽  
New Race ◽  
New Races ◽  
First Time

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, causal agent of tan spot, induces necrosis and chlorosis in its wheat host. The tan spot system conforms to the toxin model and three host-specific toxins have been identified (Ptr ToxA, Ptr ToxB, and putative Ptr ToxC). Processing of a collection of isolates, obtained in the Fertile Crescent and Caucasus regions, yielded two new virulence patterns. Isolate Az35-5 combined the virulences of races 2 and 5 and was classified in the new race 7. Isolates TS93-71B and TS93-71F had a virulence pattern that combined those of races 2, 3, and 5 and were grouped in the new race 8. Southern analysis revealed that all three isolates possessed copies of the ToxA and ToxB genes, the first time the genes were found in a common background. The production of Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB by the isolates was confirmed by western blotting. Virulence patterns suggested that TS93-71B and TS93-71F may also produce Ptr ToxC, even though it was not present at detectable levels in culture filtrates. The identification of races 7 and 8 complete the theoretical maximum number of races that can be differentiated by three loci in the host (23 = 8), assuming a one-to-one relationship. It appears that the wheat/P. tritici-repentis system is a mirror image of the classical gene-for-gene relationship.

scholarly journals Number of Experiments Needed to Determine Wheat Disease Phenotypes for Four Wheat Diseases

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Bockus ◽  
Zhaohui Su ◽  
Karen A. Garrett ◽  
Bikram S. Gill ◽  
James P. Stack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Disease Phenotype ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Phenotype Data

Disease phenotypes for winter wheat cultivars were determined in numerous inoculated greenhouse and field experiments over many years. For four diseases, Fusarium head blight, tan spot, Septoria leaf blotch, and Stagonospora leaf blotch, at least 20 cultivars each had been evaluated in a minimum of five experiments. Reference cultivars of known disease reaction were included in each experiment, which allowed transformation of the percent disease severity data to a 1-to-9 scale for comparisons between experiments. Variations in scale values obtained for individual cultivars among the different experiments were used to calculate standard deviations for disease phenotype data. Standard deviations were used to calculate the number of experiment repetitions needed within each disease to achieve different levels of accuracy (margins of error). A margin of error of ±1.5 for the 1-to-9 scale was chosen as the best level of accuracy. Rounding values within this range would put the estimated disease phenotype within ±1 unit of the actual phenotype. To achieve a margin of error of ±1.5 for Fusarium head blight, tan spot, Septoria leaf blotch, and Stagonospora leaf blotch would require a mean that was calculated from a minimum of five, five, seven, and eight experiments, respectively. Personnel who report disease phenotype data to wheat producers or breeders should be aware of the number of experiments upon which they are basing their reports and adjust any disclaimers accordingly. Similarly, wheat breeders should be aware of the inherent variability in phenotyping these four wheat diseases and make appropriate adjustments to their selection protocols. With a minimum of five experimental repetitions, disease phenotype values obtained from inoculated greenhouse and field experiments had very high correlations (r = 0.81 to 0.92, P < 0.0001) with published Kansas State University Research and Extension ratings obtained from commercial fields.

scholarly journals Shell-crossing in a ΛCDM Universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. L71-L75
Author(s):  
Cornelius Rampf ◽  
Oliver Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Random Initial Data ◽  
Recursion Relations ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Perturbation theory is an indispensable tool for studying the cosmic large-scale structure, and establishing its limits is therefore of utmost importance. One crucial limitation of perturbation theory is shell-crossing, which is the instance when cold-dark-matter trajectories intersect for the first time. We investigate Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) at very high orders in the vicinity of the first shell-crossing for random initial data in a realistic three-dimensional Universe. For this, we have numerically implemented the all-order recursion relations for the matter trajectories, from which the convergence of the LPT series at shell-crossing is established. Convergence studies performed at large orders reveal the nature of the convergence-limiting singularities. These singularities are not the well-known density singularities at shell-crossing but occur at later times when LPT already ceased to provide physically meaningful results.

scholarly journals LDH as a prognostic marker in hypertensive pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2444
Author(s):  
Prathap Talwar ◽  
Triveni Kondareddy ◽  
Pranidha Shree C. A.
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Cellular Death ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a global problem with a 5-15% incidence rate in India and complicating 10-17% of all pregnancies. These are multisystem disorders and lead to a lot of cellular death. LDH is an intracellular enzyme and its level is increased in these women due to cellular death. So, serum LDH levels can be used to assess the extent of cellular death and thereby the severity of disease in this group of women. The objective of the study was to correlate the severity of the disease, maternal and perinatal outcome with Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum in patients of preeclampsia and eclampsia.Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JSS Medical Hospital, Mysore.Results: LDH levels were significantly elevated in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia (<0.001). Higher LDH levels had significant correlation with high blood pressure (P <0.10) as well as poor maternal and perinatal outcome.Conclusions: High serum LDH levels correlate well with the severity of the disease and poor outcomes in patients of preeclampsia and eclampsia.

Fungicidal control of leaf spot (Septoria apiicola) of celery

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Severity Of Disease

Ten fungicides were evaluated and compared in glasshouse and field experiments for the control of celery leaf spot caused by Septoria apiicola. In glasshouse experiments propiconazole (25 mg a.i. L-1) inhibited the development of S. apiicola when applied to celery seedlings 2 days after inoculation and in 1 experiment an application 8 days after inoculation reduced by 10-fold the severity of disease as well as the production of pycnidia. Penconazole (25 mg a.i. L-1), myclobutanil (50 mg a.i. L-1), flusilazole (20 mg a.i. L-1), fenarimol (36 mg a.i. L-1), terbuconazole (25 mg a.i. L-1) and triadimenol(25 mg a.i. L-1) also controlled S. apiicola when applied 2, but not 8 days, after inoculation. Anilazine protected celery seedlings for at least 13 days after application and was the most effective of the fungicides applied before infection. In field experiments, the most effective control of leaf spot was achieved with applications, every 7-10 days, of anilazine (1500 mg a.i. L-1), applied either alone or mixed with propiconazole (25 mg a.i. L-1). Similar applications of propiconazole either alone or mixed with chlorothalonil (150 mg a.i. L-1) also controlled leaf spot, whereas penconazole (25 mg a.i. L-1), flusilazole (20 mg a.i. L-1) and myclobutanil (50 mg a.i. L-1) were not effective.

EFEKTIFITAS PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP SELLING SKILL, KNOWLEDGE DAN BUDAYA KERJA KARYAWAN BANK ACEH CABANG IDI KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR PASCA KONVERSI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Zulfadly Zulfadly ◽  
Andi Tarlis
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Good Work ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Employee Effectiveness ◽  
And Training ◽  
Very High

The formulation of the problem in this research is the effectiveness of education and training effect on Selling Skill of employees of Bank Aceh After Conversion amounting to 1220 that is on score "Very High". Does the effectiveness of education and training affect Selling Skill, Knowledge and work culture of Bank Aceh after Conversion employees? Selling Skill enters the "Very High" score ranking of 1,212, Knowledge enters the "Very High" score ranking of 1.220 and the Working Culture enters the score ranking "Very Height "of 1.213. This means that the three variables are very effective effect on employees of Bank Aceh Caban Idi East Aceh. Does the effectiveness of education and training affect the employee's work culture that has a very high impact of 1.213, this indicates that in addition to the knowledge that must be owned by employees must also have a good work culture in order to improve the performance of employees of Bank Aceh Branch Idi Aceh Timur. . Although Knowledge becomes the main point of the appraisal result, it remains that other variables should not be ruled out as they are interdependent in order to effectively improve the employee performance of Bank Aceh Branch Idi post-conversion. When viewed from the comparison between Education and Training on Selling Skill, Knowledge and Working Culture, it is known that Training is more effective than education that has a score of 1.222.This indicates that the Aceh Bank should more often provide training to employees in order to improve employee effectiveness Bank Aceh After Conversion. Keyword : Education, Training, Selling Skill, Knowledge, Work Culture   Abstrak Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Efektiftifitas pendidikan dan pelatihan berpengaruh pada Selling Skill karyawan Bank Aceh Pasca Konversi sebesar 1.220 yakni berada pada skor “Sangat Tinggi”. Apakah efektivitas pendidikan dan pelatihan berpengaruh pada Selling Skill, Knowledge dan budaya kerja karyawan Bank Aceh Pasca Konversi yakni Selling Skill masuk ranking skor “Sangat Tinggi” sebesar 1.212, Knowledge masuk ranking skor “Sangat Tinggi” sebesar 1.220 dan Budaya Kerja masuk ranking skor “Sangat Tinggi” sebesar 1.213. Artinya bahwa ketiga variabel tersebut sangat berpengaruh efektif terhadap karyawan Bank Aceh Cabang Idi Aceh Timur. Apakah efektifitas pendidikan dan pelatihan berpengaruh pada budaya kerja karyawan yakni terdapat pengaruh yang Sangat Tinggi sebesar 1.213, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa selain knowledge yang harus dimiliki oleh karyawan juga harus memiliki budaya kerja yang baik dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja karyawan Bank Aceh Cabang Idi Aceh Timur. . Walaupun Knowledge (Pengetahuan) menjadi poin utama dari hasil penilaian, akan tetap variabel-variabel yang lain tetap tidak boleh dikesampingkan karena semuanya saling keterkaitan dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja karyawan Bank Aceh Cabang Idi secara efektif pasca konversi.Jika dilihat dari perbandingan antara Pendidikan dan Pelatihan terhadap Selling Skill, Knowledge dan Budaya Kerja, maka diketahui bahwa Pelatihan lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pendidikan yakni memiliki skor sebesar 1.222.Hal ini menandakan bahwa Bank Aceh harus lebih sering memberikan pelatihan kepada karyawan dalam rangka meningkatkan efektifitas karyawan Bank Aceh Pasca Konversi. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, Pelatihan, Selling Skill, Pengetahuan, Budaya Kerja

Comparison of Severity of Symptoms and Outcome among Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Covid 19 Patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2334-2337
Author(s):  
Wali Gul ◽  
Kashif Ali Samin ◽  
Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Khalil Ullah ◽  
Gul Mehnaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the severity of symptoms and outcomes among vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID 19 patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Study Design: A Retrospective/ Comparative study Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Medicine department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar and DHQ Category A Hospital, Batkhela for duration of six months between December 2020 and May 2021. Methods: Total 170 patients of both genders had coronavirus disease were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 20-80 years. Demographical details of patients including age, sex, body mass index, residency and socio-economic status were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were admitted in COVID 19 ward. There were 70 vaccinated patients in group I and 100 non-vaccinated patients in group II. Co-morbidities among both groups were assessed. Effectiveness and outcomes among both groups were calculated in terms of mortality and reduction in severity of disease. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0 version. Results: There were 114 (67.1%) patients were males (50 in group I and 64 in group II) and 56 (32.4%) were females (28 in each group). Mean age of the vaccinated patients was 49.16 ±8.55 years with mean BMI 33.16 ±4.64 kg/m2 and in group II mean age was 47.18 ±4.77 years with mean BMI 31.12±12.73 kg/m2.Among 70 cases of group I, 40 (57.1%) were fully vaccinated and 30 (42.9%) patients received their first dose. 50 (71.4%) were educated in group I and in group II 46 (46%) patients were literate. Co-morbidities were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischaemic heart and chronic lung disease. Effectiveness among patients of group I was greater 55 (78.6%) as compared to non-vaccinated 36 (36%). Frequency of adverse outcomes hospitalization 10 (10%), ICU admission 14 (14%) and mortality 40 (40%) among non-vaccinated patients were significantly higher as compared to vaccinated patients in which hospitalization 3 (4.3%), ICU admission 2 (2.9%) and mortality was found in 10 (14.3%) cases. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that vaccination against coronavirus disease was effective and helpful for the reduction in severity of the disease. Except this the frequency of adverse outcomes (hospitalization, ICU admission and mortality) can be minimized by vaccination and there is need to give awareness among people to get vaccinated early. Keywords: COVID 19, Vaccination, Pandemic, Mortality

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