scholarly journals Genetics of disease resistance in Arabidopsis to crop pathogens

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. S151-S154 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Holub ◽  
M. Tör ◽  
A. Cooper ◽  
P. Gordon ◽  
N. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Albugo Candida ◽  
Hyaloperonospora Parasitica ◽  
Durable Disease Resistance

Arabidopsis is universally resistant as a species to many crop pathogens, including examples from other crucifers such<br />as Albugo candida and Hyaloperonospora parasitica from Brassica oleracea. This species level trait could potentially<br />provide a source of durable disease resistance in crops if examples can be found which are amenable to molecular genetic<br />characterization. Our research has developed from the observation that null mutation in Arabidopsis of a defense regulatory<br />gene EDS1 (enhanced disease susceptibility) is susceptible to isolates of A. candida and H. parasitica from brassica.<br />EDS1 is required by a major structural class of R-genes to confer resistance in Arabidopsis. We have therefore focused<br />on identifying R-genes in Arabidopsis that are responsible for conferring resistance to brassica pathogens.

scholarly journals Albugo candida (white rust) suppresses resistance to downy mildew pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 474-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Cooper ◽  
A. Woods-Tör ◽  
E.B. Holub
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Albugo Candida ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Downy Mildews ◽  
Hyaloperonospora Parasitica

Arabidopsis thaliana accessions were inoculated with incompatible isolates of downy mildews, following pre-inoculation with compatible Albugo candida. Three isolates of Hyaloperonospora parasitica subsp. A. thaliana, an isolate of H. parasitica subsp. Brassica oleracea and one Bremia lactucae (lettuce) isolate were included. All downy mildews sporulated on A. thaliana, suggesting A. candida suppresses broad-spectrum downy mildew resistance. The white rust resistance gene, RAC5, is being investigated. The resistance phenotype associated with RAC5 seems not to involve a hypersensitive response. RAC5 has been mapped telomeric of nga106 on chromosome 5, in a region lacking NB-LRR genes, the most common structural class of resistance genes known in A. thaliana.

The Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain Can Determine Effective Interaction Between RPS2 and Other Host Factors in Arabidopsis RPS2-Mediated Disease Resistance

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diya Banerjee ◽  
Xiaochun Zhang ◽  
Andrew F Bent
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Domain Swap ◽  
Allele Specific

Abstract Like many other plant disease resistance genes, Arabidopsis thaliana RPS2 encodes a product with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. This study explored the hypothesized interaction of RPS2 with other host factors that may be required for perception of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens that express avrRpt2 and/or for the subsequent induction of plant defense responses. Crosses between Arabidopsis ecotypes Col-0 (resistant) and Po-1 (susceptible) revealed segregation of more than one gene that controls resistance to P. syringae that express avrRpt2. Many F2 and F3 progeny exhibited intermediate resistance phenotypes. In addition to RPS2, at least one additional genetic interval associated with this defense response was identified and mapped using quantitative genetic methods. Further genetic and molecular genetic complementation experiments with cloned RPS2 alleles revealed that the Po-1 allele of RPS2 can function in a Col-0 genetic background, but not in a Po-1 background. The other resistance-determining genes of Po-1 can function, however, as they successfully conferred resistance in combination with the Col-0 allele of RPS2. Domain-swap experiments revealed that in RPS2, a polymorphism at six amino acids in the LRR region is responsible for this allele-specific ability to function with other host factors.

Organization, Expression and Evolution of a Disease Resistance Gene Cluster in Soybean

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1961-1977
Author(s):  
Michelle A Graham ◽  
Laura Fredrick Marek ◽  
Randy C Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Disease Resistance Genes ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Specific Primers

Abstract PCR amplification was previously used to identify a cluster of resistance gene analogues (RGAs) on soybean linkage group J. Resistance to powdery mildew (Rmd-c), Phytophthora stem and root rot (Rps2), and an ineffective nodulation gene (Rj2) map within this cluster. BAC fingerprinting and RGA-specific primers were used to develop a contig of BAC clones spanning this region in cultivar “Williams 82” [rps2, Rmd (adult onset), rj2]. Two cDNAs with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of R-genes have also been mapped to opposite ends of a BAC in the contig Gm_Isb001_091F11 (BAC 91F11). Sequence analyses of BAC 91F11 identified 16 different resistance-like gene (RLG) sequences with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of disease resistance genes. Four of these RLGs represent two potentially novel classes of disease resistance genes: TIR/NBD domains fused inframe to a putative defense-related protein (NtPRp27-like) and TIR domains fused inframe to soybean calmodulin Ca2+-binding domains. RT-PCR analyses using gene-specific primers allowed us to monitor the expression of individual genes in different tissues and developmental stages. Three genes appeared to be constitutively expressed, while three were differentially expressed. Analyses of the R-genes within this BAC suggest that R-gene evolution in soybean is a complex and dynamic process.

scholarly journals Bioinformatic-Based Approaches for Disease-Resistance Gene Discovery in Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2259
Author(s):  
Andrea Fernandez-Gutierrez ◽  
Juan J. Gutierrez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Nucleotide Binding Sites ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Computer Based

Pathogens are among the most limiting factors for crop success and expansion. Thus, finding the underlying genetic cause of pathogen resistance is the main goal for plant geneticists. The activation of a plant’s immune system is mediated by the presence of specific receptors known as disease-resistance genes (R genes). Typical R genes encode functional immune receptors with nucleotide-binding sites (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, making the NBS-LRRs the largest family of plant resistance genes. Establishing host resistance is crucial for plant growth and crop yield but also for reducing pesticide use. In this regard, pyramiding R genes is thought to be the most ecologically friendly way to enhance the durability of resistance. To accomplish this, researchers must first identify the related genes, or linked markers, within the genomes. However, the duplicated nature, with the presence of frequent paralogues, and clustered characteristic of NLRs make them difficult to predict with the classic automatic gene annotation pipelines. In the last several years, efforts have been made to develop new methods leading to a proliferation of reports on cloned genes. Herein, we review the bioinformatic tools to assist the discovery of R genes in plants, focusing on well-established pipelines with an important computer-based component.

scholarly journals Селекция растений на устойчивость – основа защиты от болезней в органическом земледелии

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Monakhos ◽  
A.V. Voronina ◽  
A.V. Baidina ◽  
O.N. Zubko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
The One ◽  
Durable Disease Resistance

Одна из ключевых проблем, сдерживающих распространение органических технологий, – экологически безопасная защита растений от болезней и вредителей. В силу выраженной специфики органического земледелия (требования к использованию природоподобных технологий и запрета на использование пестицидов, надежная генетическая устойчивость сортов и гибридов становится одним из основных путей решения этой проблемы. Представлен аналитический обзор современных данных по этой тематике.The role and importance of organic farming in improving the quality of life of humanity are obvious. The one of the key problems limiting the organic technologies is the problem of plant protection against diseases and pests. Due to high specificity of organic farming technologies, particularly the requirements for the use of nature-like technologies and the restrictions on the use of pesticides, durable disease resistance of crops becomes super-actual.

scholarly journals A study of the genetic diversity in the world soybean collection using microsatellite markers associated with fungal disease resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
A. K. Zatybekov ◽  
Y. T. Turuspekov ◽  
B. N. Doszhanova ◽  
S. I. Abugalieva
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Fungal Disease Resistance ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Purple Seed Stain ◽  
Simple Sequence

Background. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) gradually becomes one of the leading legume crops in Kazakhstan. The area under soybeans in the country has been increasing annually and requires the development of adapted cultivars with a higher yield, improved quality characters, and resistance to emerging fungal diseases. The enlargement of the crop’s gene pool also suggests the need to study and document local soybean accessions to meet the standards of the available world soybean collection by using reliable and informative types of DNA markers.Materials and methods. In this study, the soybean collection consisting of 288 accessions from different countries, including 36 cultivars and promising lines from Kazakhstan, was studied. The molecular genetic analysis was performed using nine polymorphic SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers, seven of which (Satt244, Satt565, Satt038, Satt309, Satt371, Satt570 and Sat_308) were associated with resistance to three main fungal diseases of soybean – frogeye leaf spot, fusarium root rot, and purple seed stain.Results. The average PIC (polymorphism information content) value of the analyzed SSR markers constituted 0.66 ± 0.07, confirming their highlevel polymorphism. The principal coordinate analysis suggested that the local accessions were genetically most close to the accessions from East Asia. As the collection showed a robust resistance to three studied fungal diseases in Almaty Region during 2018–2019, the distribution of the studied SSR markers in the population was not significantly associated with resistance to the analyzed diseases under field conditions.Conclusion. SSR genotyping of the soybean collection helped to identify accessions that potentially possess resistance-associated alleles of fungal disease resistance genes. The data obtained can be further used for the development of DNA documentation and the breeding the promising cultivars and lines of soybean. 

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