scholarly journals Fertilizing and liming in a heather area of Norway

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S52-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Erstad
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Nardus Stricta ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Liming Material ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Chemical Influence ◽  
Surface Spreading

In a 6 years’ field experiment in a podzolized heather area in Norway the effects of liming and P and Cu fertilization were tested versus changes in vegetation and soil chemistry. The vegetation altered slowly, particularly the woody species, but pronounced over years. Liming had a positive effect on all species except Deschampsia flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtillus, P tended to favour all except V. myrtillus, and Cu promoted all except Nardus stricta, V. oliginosum and V. myrtillus. Surface spreading of liming material and fertilizers caused distinct lime, phosphorus and copper effects and interactions in the soil litter layer. Liming markedly increased pH and Ca level and stimulated microbial activity, whilst the fertilizers increased P and Cu availability in soil. Cu fertilization counteracted a feared Cu deficiency when liming marginal soils. Gradually the changes penetrated into deeper soil layers. This strong chemical influence led the podzol into a cambisol cycle, characterized by retention of humus in the E layer, accompanied by a slight increase in pH, elevated levels of Kjeldahl-N, AL dissolved and exchangeable Ca, and in CEC and BS.

scholarly journals Underground deserts below fertility islands? Woody species desiccate lower soil layers in sandy drylands

Ecography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Tölgyesi ◽  
Péter Török ◽  
Alida Anna Hábenczyus ◽  
Zoltán Bátori ◽  
Orsolya Valkó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Fertility Islands

scholarly journals Comparison of Chemical Properties and Application as Acid Soil Amendment of Pretreatment Center Slag and Other Slags

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Suwarno . ◽  
Itsuo Goto ◽  
Hiroshi Masujima
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Converter Slag ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Liming Material ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Bf Slag

Chemical properties of Pretreatment center slag (PTC-slag) were analyzed and compared to those of converter slag (C slag) and blast furnace slag (BF slag). PTC slag had a high EC value as well as citric acid soluble P and contained more Ca, Si, P, K, and Na but less Mg and Fe than C slag. Compared to BF slag, PTC slag contained more Fe, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, and Na but less Si, Al, and K. Although neutralizing value of PTC slag was lower than that of C slag, its ability to neutralize soilacidity was markedly higher. A pot experiment using Andisol from Tochigi Prefecture and komatsuna plant was carried outto evaluate PTC slag as liming material as well as P fertilizer. PTC slag, C slag, and dolomite were applied as liming materials and combined with super phosphate (SP). Addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% phosphate absorption coefficient (PAC) to PTC slag significantly improved the yield of komatsuna.This result, however, only apply for PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 6.5. Addit~ono f the same dosage of SP to PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 7.5 did not give significant effect. On the other hand, addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% PAC to C slag or dolomite significantly improved the yield for both C slag ordolomite adjusting. the soil pH to 6.5 and 7.5. Results of the experiment also indicated that P'TC slag and C slag significantly increased soil pH; exchangeable Ca, and Mg and improved available P, B, and Mn in Andisol. The magnitudes ofthese effects of the two slags, however, were difference. As compared to C slag and dolomite, PTC slag increased lower exchangeable Mg but higher available P. These results suggest that for acid soil amendment, PTC slag was better than dolomite and C slag due to the fact that this material supplymore P and B. Application of PTC slag as acid soil amendment will reduce the demand of P fertilizer, and even in high dosage can meet the P demand of komatsuna plant.

scholarly journals Underground Spaces: a Step Towards Sustainable Development in Khuzestan Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Sohrab Ghaedi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Temperature Fluctuation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The North ◽  
Annual Average Temperature ◽  
Positive Effect

Reducing the consumption of fossil fuels using underground spaces has a significant impact on the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. In this study, the soil layers temperature and thermal comfort in these layers were investigated to make the underground spaces in Khuzestan province. The average summer temperature in the central of Province is about 38°C, which is far from the comfort of the temperature. The surface annual temperature fluctuation in the Province varies from 23.5 in the north of the province to 28.5 °C in the southeast. Investigating the temperature fluctuation in the soil layers shows that it decreases with increasing depth, so that at a depth of 10 meters, the temperature fluctuation is approximately zero and it is equal to the annual average temperature. Therefore to 10 m depth, temperature fluctuation decreases by increasing the depth. The use of underground spaces in the Province can be taken in coping with heat and extreme sunlight, reducing energy and controlling dust and has positive effect on economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Underground deserts below fertility islands? – Woody species desiccate lower soil layers in sandy drylands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Tolgyesi ◽  
Peter Torok ◽  
Alida Anna Habenczyus ◽  
Zoltan Batory ◽  
Valko Orsolya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Islands Of Fertility ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Regional Water

AbstractWoody plants in water-limited ecosystems affect their environment on multiple scales: locally, natural stands can create islands of fertility for herb layer communities compared to open habitats, but afforestation has been shown to negatively affect regional water balance and productivity. Despite these contrasting observations, no coherent multiscale framework has been developed for the environmental effects of woody plants in water-limited ecosystems. To link local and regional effects of woody species in a spatially explicit model, we simultaneously measured site conditions (microclimate, nutrient availability and topsoil moisture) and conditions of regional relevance (deeper soil moisture), in forests with different canopy types (long, intermediate and short annual lifetime) and adjacent grasslands in sandy drylands. All types of forests ameliorated site conditions compared to adjacent grasslands, although natural stands did so more effectively than managed ones. At the same time, all forests desiccated deeper soil layers during the vegetation period, and the longer the canopy lifetime, the more severe the desiccation in summer and more delayed the recharge after the active period of the canopy. We conclude that the site-scale environmental amelioration brought about by woody species is bound to co-occur with the desiccation of deeper soil layers, leading to deficient ground water recharge. This means that the cost of creating islands of fertility for sensitive herb layer organisms is an inevitable negative impact on regional water balance. The canopy type or management intensity of the forests affects the magnitude but not the direction of these effects. The outlined framework of the effects of woody species should be considered for the conservation, restoration, or profit-oriented use of forests as well as in forest-based carbon sequestration and soil erosion control projects in water-limited ecosystems.

Effects of broadcast slash burning on fuels and soil chemical properties in the Sub-boreal Spruce Zone of central British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Macadam
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Slash Burning

Soil samples were taken before and 9 and 21 months after the operational broadcast burning of logging slash in two clear-cuts in the Sub-boreal Spruce Zone of central British Columbia. Average slash consumption on the two clear-cuts was estimated from line intersect samples at 20 and 24 t/ha and forest floor depth was reduced by 28 and 36%. Nine months after burning, soil N had decreased by 376 kg/ha (18% of preburn levels) while available P had increased by 37–157 kg/ha. Burning resulted in substantial increases in forest floor base saturation, pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and available P. Changes within the 0–15 and 15–30 cm mineral soil layers were variable and in general less pronounced. Significant positive correlations were observed between the consumption of large fuels and postburn changes in forest floor pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg. Changes in forest floor N were negatively correlated with amounts of fine slash consumed. A strongly negative correlation was observed between forest floor depth of burn and changes in forest floor exchangeable K concentrations.

scholarly journals ПОЧВООБРАЗУЮЩЕЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ВЫНОСЯЩЕЙ (ПЕРЕОТЛОЖНОЙ) ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КРОТА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО (TALPA EUROPAEA, L) В ТАЕЖНОМ БИОГЕОЦЕНОЗЕ

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Пилипко ◽  
Н.Н. Харченко ◽  
В.С. Вернодубенко
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Talpa Europaea ◽  
European Mole ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Soil Grain Size

The soil discharges made by moles (molehills) consist of mixed superficial soil layers where the main physicochemical parameters of soil show beneficial changes, including reduced density, moisture and acidity and increased humus content, especially during the first three months after molehill formation. In the present study, the biocenoses most preferred by the European mole (Talpa europaea, L) in Vologda Region have been determined. Most avidly inhabited by moles were moistened areas at forest edges and mixed young growths on glades. A limiting factor of the excavating activity of moles is soil grain-size composition. Moles prefer light and middle- density loams where its activity is high than in areas with light sandy loams and heavy loams. Data on the areas modified by moles in different sylvan biocenoses have been obtained. A positive effect of mole activities is facilitating the beneficial conditions for the restoration of plant communities destroyed by deforestation.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

Working Memory, Mental Prospection, Time Orientation, and Cognitive Insight

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Cinan ◽  
Aslı Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Three Factor

This research is new in its attempt to take future time orientation, morningness orientation, and prospective memory as measures of mental prospection, and to examine a three-factor model that assumes working memory, mental prospection, and cognitive insight are independent but related higher-order cognitive constructs by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The three-factor model produced a good fit to the data. An alternative one-factor model was tested and rejected. The results suggest that working memory and cognitive insight are distinguishable, related constructs, and that both are distinct from, but negatively associated with, mental prospection. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that working memory had a strong positive effect on cognitive insight and a moderate negative effect on mental prospection.

Employees’ Critical Thinking, Leaders’ Inspirational Motivation, and Voice Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Ang Gao ◽  
Baiyin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Inspirational Motivation ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. This study uses implicit voice theory to examine the influence of employees’ critical thinking and leaders’ inspirational motivation on employees’ voice behavior via voice efficacy. The results of a pretest of 302 employees using critical thinking questionnaires and a field study of 273 dyads of supervisors and their subordinates revealed that both employees’ critical thinking and leaders’ inspirational motivation had a positive effect on employees’ voice and that voice efficacy mediates the relationships among employees’ critical thinking, leaders’ inspirational motivation, and employees’ voice. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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