scholarly journals Health Services and Causes of Death in Transylvania, Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-209
Author(s):  
Emese Emőke Tóth-Batizán ◽  
Szeréna Gáspár ◽  
Zsombor Csata ◽  
Gergő Barna
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
National Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
Health Situation

The study briefly presents the major changes that have taken place in the Romanian health care system in recent decades, as well as the strategies and legislative reforms that shaped these transformations. We examine time series data with primary relevance for the public health situation in the country. First, we compare national data with those from the other EU countries, then – with a special focus on Transylvania – we will highlight the regional differences within the country. Keywords: health services, healthcare reforms, regional disparities, causes of death, Transylvania – Romania

Revisiting the growth effects of government bonds in the emerging capital market.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Temitayo O. Olaniyan ◽  
Samuel O. Ekundayo
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments

We revisited the effects of government bonds for the growth on the Nigerian capital market. Utilising time-series data obtained from the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) annual reports for the period from 2010 to 2017, this study through the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) regression estimator found that the value and the number of listed government bonds’ positively and significantly affect capital market growth in Nigeria. Furthermore, low capitalisation of government bonds negatively affects the growth of the market. The null hypothesis of the Hansen J-statistics is accepted; hence this implies that the IVs used in the GMM model is valid. We concluded that government bonds have positive and significant effects on the growth of the Nigerian capital market, thus government bonds have made the NSE All-Share Index grow over the period under investigation. Following the findings from the study, it was recommended, inter alia, that there should be more issuance of government bonds to the public and further to enhance the efficiency of the capital markets, both primary and secondary, while the funds raised from the capital market through government issuance should be channelled towards Nigeria’s productive sectors to promote an all-inclusive growth in the Nigerian economy.

scholarly journals Analysis of Budget Imbalance Dynamics in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Alex Oguso ◽  
Francis M. Mwega ◽  
Nelson H. Wawire ◽  
Purna Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

<p><em>Kenya needs substantial and sustained fiscal consolidation to create fiscal space for financing the government’s election pledges, the Vision 2030 development projects, and sustainable development goals. However, the government has found it hard to sustain its fiscal consolidation attempts. This study investigates the fiscal consolidation constraints that act through the budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya using the </em><em>Olivera-Tanzi effect approach.</em><em> The study covers the period 2000-2015</em><em> using time series data and employs three </em><em>Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) error correction models</em><em> in the analysis. The study showed that a </em><em>rise in the general price levels in the economy, adjustment of minimum wages, rise</em><em> in perceived levels of corruption in the public sector and the political budget cycles (occurrence of a general election) worsen the budget imbalances (deficits) thus </em><em>constrain fiscal consolidation efforts in Kenya. The study also demonstrated that </em><em>budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya could partly be explained by the Olivera-Tanzi proposition. </em><em>The study rec</em><em>ommends measures to reduce the fiscal imbalance gap in Kenya, which include controlling both supply and demand side inflationary pressure and dealing with rent seeking behavior in the public sector.</em></p>

scholarly journals Mental Health and Political Representation: A Roadmap

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Policy Problems

Research on health and political behavior has identified a significant mental health-participation gap that is likely to have important consequences for political equality. Yet such consequences remain by and large unexplored. Inspired by 60 years of empirical research on public opinion, media and policy, this article proposes a roadmap for research on the political representation of mental health. It advances a number of research questions around 1) opinion formation and issue emergence and evolution, 2) multiple and complementary societal signals that can influence policy makers’ issue attention and policy change, and 3) different conceptions of representation and their consequences for public attitudes and political participation. The article also provides a preliminary attempt at addressing whether mental health spending incorporates signals from public preferences for spending on mental health services or policy problems. Making use of time-series data on spending on mental health services by local authorities in England between 1994 and 2013, the analysis finds no statistical association between spending and policy problems and reveals a negative relationship between spending and public preferences, suggesting that if spending is reacting at all to preferences, it misrepresents them. This article invites scholars to collect more data and produce more research that will guide interventions to help overcome stigma and participation challenges that undermine political equality as one of the key principles of democracy.

scholarly journals Recovery of Differential Equations from Impulse Response Time Series Data for Model Identification and Feature Extraction

Vibration ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merten Stender ◽  
Sebastian Oberst ◽  
Norbert Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Model Identification ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Minimal Models

Time recordings of impulse-type oscillation responses are short and highly transient. These characteristics may complicate the usage of classical spectral signal processing techniques for (a) describing the dynamics and (b) deriving discriminative features from the data. However, common model identification and validation techniques mostly rely on steady-state recordings, characteristic spectral properties and non-transient behavior. In this work, a recent method, which allows reconstructing differential equations from time series data, is extended for higher degrees of automation. With special focus on short and strongly damped oscillations, an optimization procedure is proposed that fine-tunes the reconstructed dynamical models with respect to model simplicity and error reduction. This framework is analyzed with particular focus on the amount of information available to the reconstruction, noise contamination and nonlinearities contained in the time series input. Using the example of a mechanical oscillator, we illustrate how the optimized reconstruction method can be used to identify a suitable model and how to extract features from uni-variate and multivariate time series recordings in an engineering-compliant environment. Moreover, the determined minimal models allow for identifying the qualitative nature of the underlying dynamical systems as well as testing for the degree and strength of nonlinearity. The reconstructed differential equations would then be potentially available for classical numerical studies, such as bifurcation analysis. These results represent a physically interpretable enhancement of data-driven modeling approaches in structural dynamics.

Does Government Pay Attention to the Public? The Dynamics of Public Opinion and Government Attention in Posthandover Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-658
Author(s):  
Chuanli Xia ◽  
Fei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Public Opinion Polls

Abstract Government response to public opinion is essential to democratic theory and practice. However, previous research on the relationship between public opinion and government attention predominantly focuses on western societies. Little is known about such relationship in nonwestern or nondemocratic societies. Drawing upon time-series data of public opinion polls and government press releases, this study examines the dynamic relationships between public opinion and government attention in posthandover Hong Kong. The findings reveal that the responsiveness of the Hong Kong government to public opinion varies across issue domains and is constrained by the political power from the central government in Beijing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Financing on Credit Risk: Empirically on Indonesian Islamic Banking

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Fitri Zaelina ◽  
Dwi Nastiti
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Financing Risk

Islamic banking has an important role in the economy, especially in moving the real sector. Islamic banking provides funding to the public in the form of financing. The financing provided cannot be separated from various risks that can threaten the health of the bank, one of which is financing risk. For that, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of financing on financing risk in Islamic banks for the period 2015 to 2020. The method used in this study is quantitative with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. This study uses time-series data and the variables in this study are mudharabah, musyarakah, murabahah, ijarah financing, and total assets as independent variables and NPF as a dependent variable. The results of the study concluded that total assets had a negative and significant effect on NPF and murabahah financing had a positive and significant effect on NPF. Meanwhile, mudharabah, musyarakah, and ijarah financing has no significant effect on NPF.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Transmission: Bangladesh Perspective

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Masud M A ◽  
Md Hamidul Islam ◽  
Khondaker A. Mamun ◽  
Byul Nim Kim ◽  
Sangil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Profile Likelihood ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Likelihood Approach ◽  
Developed Nations

The sudden emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has tested the strength of the public health system of the most developed nations and created a “new normal”. Many nations are struggling to curb the epidemic in spite of expanding testing facilities. In this study, we consider the case of Bangladesh, and fit a simple compartmental model holding a feature to distinguish between identified infected and infectious with time series data using least square fitting as well as the likelihood approach; prior to which, dynamics of the model were analyzed mathematically and the identifiability of the parameters has also been confirmed. The performance of the likelihood approach was found to be more promising and was used for further analysis. We performed fitting for different lengths of time intervals starting from the beginning of the outbreak, and examined the evolution of the key parameters from Bangladesh’s perspective. In addition, we deduced profile likelihood and 95% confidence interval for each of the estimated parameters. Our study demonstrates that the parameters defining the infectious and quarantine rates change with time as a consequence of the change in lock-down strategies and expansion of testing facilities. As a result, the value of the basic reproduction number R0 was shown to be between 1.5 and 12. The analysis reveals that the projected time and amplitude of the peak vary following the change in infectious and quarantine rates obtained through different lock-down strategies and expansion of testing facilities. The identification rate determines whether the observed peak shows the true prevalence. We find that by restricting the spread through quick identification and quarantine, or by implementing lock-down to reduce overall contact rate, the peak could be delayed, and the amplitude of the peak could be reduced. Another novelty of this study is that the model presented here can infer the unidentified COVID cases besides estimating the officially confirmed COVID cases.

PENGARUH SUBSIDI INPUT TERHADAP NILAI TUKAR PETANI PADI DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redy Prasetyo ◽  
R. N. Afsdy Saksono
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
National Data ◽  
Agricultural Input ◽  
Paddy Yield

This study aimed to determine how impact of the agricultural input subsidy on farmer terms of trade in Indonesia. This study used a quantitative approach with survey method on time series data of each variable analyzed. Research variables were seed subsidy, fertilizer subsidy, paddy yield and farmer terms of trade. The data used are secondary data from 2009-2015. The analytical method employed was path analysis was applied to the analysis of the national data. The results of path analysis showed that at the national level, seed subsidies affect NTP negatively. Fertilizer subsidies analysis at the national level, also showed negative affect on NTP.Keywords: seed subsidy, fertilizer subsidy, productivity, farmer terms of trade, path analysis

Into the Civic life: The Nexus of Urbanization, Education and Women’s Empowerment in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdullah ◽  
Ayza Shoukat ◽  
Muhammad Gulzaib Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Depth Analysis

Women comprise nearly 50 percent of the population of Pakistan which is enriched with a variety of regional, cultural, and ethnic values.  These values are traditionally responsible for limiting opportunities for women and keeping them less empowered. This study examines the link between education and urbanization that is empowering women in Pakistan. Time series data for the period of 1980 to 2019 has been used for empirical analysis. The stationarity of data has been checked by using the ADF unit root test. All the variables used in the study have a unit root at the level and become stationary at first difference. Johansen's co-integration technique is utilized to check the long-run relationship between the variables used in the study. Instead of using any single variable, we have constructed the Women Empowerment Index (WEI) by using multiple women-related indicators for in-depth analysis. Empirical findings indicate that women's empowerment is positively associated with education and urbanization in Pakistan. Other controlled variables include domestic credit with a positive association and inflation with a negative association. The study shows that empowering women is sensitive to urbanization and education. There must be women-specific educational and training institutions across the country with a special focus on rural areas for equal availability of opportunities for women of all cultures. Urbanization provides greater social, economic and political opportunities for women. Same opportunities should be provided for women in rural areas to make them more empowered. Moreover, control of inflation and the provision of credit on easy terms will also help to enhance women's contribution to economic activity in Pakistan.

The Contribution of Profit-sharing Characteristics to the Performance of Islamic Banks

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafiq Mahmadah Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Financial Service Authority ◽  
The Public ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Conventional Banks

Islamic commercial banks are highly identic with the profit-sharing as a sharia banking basic operational system. The profit-sharing becomes a specific characteristic of sharia banks as well as a distinction from conventional banks. Hence, this study aims to examine if the profit-sharing characteristic contributes to the performances of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. This study employed time series data derived from the Financial Service Authority (OJK) using regression-mixed test and auto-regressive heteroscedasticity (ARCH). The results pointed out that the profit-sharing system for the lending of Musharaka had an impact on the performance of sharia banks; while the profit-sharing for the funding of Mudaraba did not support the hypothesis with negative coefficient. The results suggest that the profit-sharing characteristic provides contribution to the performance of Islamic commercial banks through the lending of Musharaka. These results further indicate that the profit-sharing characteristic performed by Islamic commercial banks is proven to be effective in improving their performances. This study’s results have an implication for Islamic commercial banks to strengthen their profit-sharing characteristics and improve the public trust toward sharia banking system.

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